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Publicación Open and Low-Cost Virtual and Remote Labs on Control Engineering(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2015-06-15) Sáenz Valiente, Jacobo; Chacón; Jesús; Torre Cubillo, Luis de la; Antonio Visioli; Dormido Canto, SebastiánThis paper presents an open course in the University Network of Interactive Laboratories, which offers several virtual and remote laboratories on automatic control, accessible to anyone. All the details on one of these labs (a two electric coupled drives system that allows performing control practices in a 2 × 2 MIMO system with industrial applications) and the activities that can be performed with it are given. We use a low-cost solution for developing the virtual and remote labs shared in this open course, based on the use of a free authoring tool Easy Java/Javascript Simulations (EJsS) for building the laboratories' user interfaces and a cheap development platform board (BeagleBone Black). The virtual and remote labs are deployed into a free Learning Management System (Moodle) Web environment that facilitates their management and maintenance.Publicación The Ball and Beam System: A Case Study of Virtual and Remote Lab Enhancement With Moodle(IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), 2015-06-10) Torre Cubillo, Luis de la; Guinaldo Losada, María; Heradio Gil, Rubén; Dormido Canto, SebastiánWeb-based labs are key tools for distance education that help to illustrate scientific phenomena, which require costly or difficult-to-assemble equipment. Easy Java Simulations (EJS) is an authoring tool that speeds up the creation of these kind of labs. An excellent proof of the EJS potential is the open source physics (OSP) repository, which hosts hundreds of free EJS labs. Learning management systems, such as Moodle, provide social contexts where students interact with each other. The work described in this paper looks for the synergy of both tools, EJS and Moodle, by supporting the deployment of EJS labs into Moodle and thus enriching them with social features (e.g., chat, forums, and videoconference). To test this approach, the authors have created the ball and beam lab, which helps students of automatic control engineering to train different advanced techniques (robust, fuzzy, and reset control), and compare their performance in relation to a conventional proportional-integral-derivative control.Publicación The photoelectric effect and study of the diffraction of light: Two new experiments in UNILabs virtual and remote laboratories network(Società Italiana di Fisica, 2016-02-12) Sánchez Fernández, Juan Pedro; Sáenz Valiente, Jacobo; Torre Cubillo, Luis de la; Carreras, Carmen; Yuste, Manuel; Heradio Gil, Rubén; Dormido Canto, SebastiánThis work describes two experiments: “study of the diffraction of light: Fraunhofer approximation” and “the photoelectric effect”. Both of them count with a virtual, simulated, version of the experiment as well as with a real one which can be operated remotely. The two previous virtual and remote labs (built using Easy Java(script) Simulations) are integrated in UNILabs, a network of online interactive laboratories based on the free Learning Management System Moodle. In this web environment, students can find not only the virtual and remote labs but also manuals with related theory, the user interface description for each application, and so on.Publicación What remote labs can do for you(AIP Publishing, 2016-04-01) Torre Cubillo, Luis de la; Sánchez Fernández, Juan Pedro; Dormido Canto, SebastiánThe Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical devices connected to the internet. Online connections enable users to remotely monitor the devices and their surroundings or to actively control them through sensors and actuators. As the technology has progressed, the importance of the IoT has grown tremendously. According to the McKinsey Global Institute, the IoT’s annual economic impact could reach $11 trillion by 2025. That figure represents about 10% of today’s world economy.1 Bullish sounding at first, the prediction is not so ridiculous if one stops to think about how deeply internet technologies have already penetrated today’s society. Consider, for example, mobile devices—those smartphones and tablets everybody carries nowadays. A typical modern smartphone has numerous sensors that allow it to capture the device’s orientation, location, ambient light conditions, and much more. And it is frequently connected to the internet. A world filled with such internet-connected devices opens...Publicación Virtual and remote labs in education: A bibliometric analysis(Elsevier, 2016-07) Heradio Gil, Rubén; Torre Cubillo, Luis de la; Galán, Daniel; Cabrerizo, Francisco JavierLaboratory experimentation plays an essential role in engineering and scientific education. Virtual and remote labs reduce the costs associated with conventional hands-on labs due to their required equipment, space, and maintenance staff. Furthermore, they provide additional benefits such as supporting distance learning, improving lab accessibility to handicapped people, and increasing safety for dangerous experimentation. This paper analyzes the literature on virtual and remote labs from its beginnings to 2015, identifying the most influential publications, the most researched topics, and how the interest in those topics has evolved along the way. To do so, bibliographical data gathered from ISI Web of Science, Scopus and GRC2014 have been examined using two prominent bibliometric approaches: science mapping and performance analysis.Publicación Virtual and Remote Labs in Control Education: a Survey(Elsevier, 2016-11-14) Heradio Gil, Rubén; Torre Cubillo, Luis de la; Dormido Canto, SebastiánVirtual and remote labs have been around for almost twenty years and while they have been constantly gaining popularity since their appearance, there are still many people in the control education community who either do not know many details about them or do not know them at all. What are their benefits? Which examples of virtual and remote labs for control education can be found in the Internet and how spread and popular are they? What are the current trends and issues in the implementation and deployment of these tools? And the future ones? These and others are some of the questions we answer in this paper, trying to bring the attention of the control education community to these tools which, we believe, are meant to have an increasing importance and relevance for the 21st century students.Publicación A holistic review of fentanyl use and its impact on public health(Üsküdar University, 2024-12-31) Borrego Ruiz, AlejandroFentanyl is a synthetic opioid that was engineered to provide a potent analgesic effect, with its medical utility widely established in clinical contexts such as pain management and anesthesia. Fentanyl use has become a critical public health issue due to diversion for misuse and to rapidly proliferation of illicit manufacturing. This persistent increase in illicitly manufactured fentanyl distribution shows no indication of decline, raising significant concerns regarding its impact on public health and opioid misuse trends, including a dramatic increase in overdose deaths. Moreover, individuals from socially or economically precarious backgrounds, as well as those suffering from mental health disorders, are particularly vulnerable, as limited access to resources and support systems can lead to increased substance use as a coping mechanism for stress and adversity. Therefore, the objective of this narrative review is to provide a holistic overview on fentanyl, addressing its synthesis process, pharmacology and clinical use, relationship with gut microbiome, epidemiology and global distribution, patterns of use and motivations, and overdose treatment. For this purpose, current and relevant evidence on fentanyl and its correlates has been conscientiously assessed and outlined.Publicación Assisted Creation and Deployment of Javascript Remote Experiments(International Federation of Engineering Education Societies, 2016-09-28) Torre Cubillo, Luis de la; Faustino Andrade, Tiago; Sousa, Pedro; Sanchez, Jose; Restivo, Maria TeresaIn order to disseminate and encourage the use of remote experiments, their creation and deployment need to be simplified. This work presents a method to easily develop remote experiments interfaces in Javascript and to quickly embed them in Moodle. This solution requires the use of Easy Java/Javascript Simulations for the development of the interfaces and the EJSApp Moodle plugin to deploy them in the web platform. The proven flexibility of such solution has fostered the integration of two new experiments and also the easy adaptation of an already existing one, opening new remote labs flexibility to educational and/or training activi- ties.Publicación Liberación anticipada de septuagenarios condenados a prisión(Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 2025-06-25) Núñez Fernández, JoséAnte el progresivo envejecimiento de la población en general y de la población penitenciaria en particular y los problemas de gestión que ello conlleva, se analizan los mecanismos de liberación anticipada de las personas condenadas a prisión que han cumplido 70 años. Para ello, además de valorar algunos aspectos de la regulación vigente sobre el régimen de septuagenarios para acceder al tercer grado y a la libertad condicional, se procede al estudio crítico de 55 resoluciones judiciales que deciden sobre estas medidas. Pese a las limitaciones de la muestra analizada, se detectan dinámicas problemáticas en relación con el colectivo de septuagenarios que podrían revelar un trato discriminatorio del mismo.Publicación A Take Home Laboratory to Support Teaching Electronics: Instructors Perspectives and Technical Revisions, Journal on Teaching Engineering(University of Porto, 2024-12-02) O´Mahony, Tom; Murray, Michael; Hill, Martin; Onet, Raul; Neag Marius; Torre Cubillo, Luis de la; Zhou, DaoThree modes dominate engineering labs – in-person, simulation and remote. Take-home laboratories have received comparatively little attention within engineering education. This article reports on qualitative data that was collected, via focus groups with eight staff from a single University, to evaluate the effectiveness of take-home laboratories. The laboratories consisted of a range of embedded development platforms along with a bespoke Home Electronics Laboratory Platform (HELP) that was designed to support the learning of analog and digital electronics in the early years of our programmes. The findings indicate that take-home laboratories can support the development of independent learners and enhance troubleshooting skills. Participants also identified that supporting students in their troubleshooting activity was particularly challenging in a remote environment. We make some suggestions for how take-home laboratories could be used to complement existing laboratory practices.Publicación Epigenetic Mechanisms in Aging: Extrinsic Factors and Gut Microbiome(MDPI, 2024-12-14) Borrego Ruiz, Alejandro; Borrego, Juan J.Background/Objectives: Aging is a natural physiological process involving biological and genetic pathways. Growing evidence suggests that alterations in the epigenome during aging result in transcriptional changes, which play a significant role in the onset of age-related diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. For this reason, the epigenetic alterations in aging and age-related diseases have been reviewed, and the major extrinsic factors influencing these epigenetic alterations have been identified. In addition, the role of the gut microbiome and its metabolites as epigenetic modifiers has been addressed. Results: Long-term exposure to extrinsic factors such as air pollution, diet, drug use, environmental chemicals, microbial infections, physical activity, radiation, and stress provoke epigenetic changes in the host through several endocrine and immune pathways, potentially accelerating the aging process. Diverse studies have reported that the gut microbiome plays a critical role in regulating brain cell functions through DNA methylation and histone modifications. The interaction between genes and the gut microbiome serves as a source of adaptive variation, contributing to phenotypic plasticity. However, the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways driving this process are still not fully understood. Conclusions: Extrinsic factors are potential inducers of epigenetic alterations, which may have important implications for longevity. The gut microbiome serves as an epigenetic effector influencing host gene expression through histone and DNA modifications, while bidirectional interactions with the host and the underexplored roles of microbial metabolites and non-bacterial microorganisms such as fungi and viruses highlight the need for further research.Publicación Unraveling internal friction in a coarse-grained protein model(AIP Publishing, 2025-03-19) Monago Díaz, Carlos Sebastián; Torre Rodríguez, Jaime Arturo de la; Delgado-Buscalioni, RafaelUnderstanding the dynamic behavior of complex biomolecules requires simplified models that not only make computations feasible but also reveal fundamental mechanisms. Coarse-graining (CG) achieves this by grouping atoms into beads, whose stochastic dynamics can be derived using the Mori–Zwanzig formalism, capturing both reversible and irreversible interactions. In liquid, the dissipative bead–bead interactions have so far been restricted to hydrodynamic couplings. However, friction does not only arise from the solvent but, notably, from the internal degrees of freedom missing in the CG beads. This leads to an additional “internal friction” whose relevance is studied in this contribution. By comparing with all-atom molecular dynamics (MD), we neatly show that in order to accurately reproduce the dynamics of a globular protein in water using a CG model, not only a precise determination of elastic couplings and the Stokesian self-friction of each bead is required. Critically, the inclusion of internal friction between beads is also necessary for a faithful representation of protein dynamics. We propose to optimize the parameters of the CG model through a self-averaging method that integrates the CG dynamics with an evolution equation for the CG parameters. This approach ensures that selected quantities, such as the radial distribution function and the time correlation of bead velocities, match the corresponding MD values.Publicación Internal dissipation in the Dzhanibekov effect(Elsevier, 0001-08-20) Torre Rodríguez, Jaime Arturo de la; Español Garrigos, JoséThe Dzhanibekov effect is the phenomenon by which triaxial objects like a spinning wing bolt may continuously flip their rotational axis when initially spinning around the intermediate axis of inertia. This effect is closely related to the Tennis Racket theorem that establishes that the intermediate axis of inertia is unstable. Over time, however, dissipation ensures that a torque free spinning body will eventually rotate around its major axis, in a process called precession relaxation, which counteracts the Dzhanibekov effect. Euler’s equations for a rigid body effectively describe the Dzhanibekov effect, but cannot account for the precession relaxation effect. A dissipative generalization of Euler’s equations displays two dissipative mechanisms: orientational diffusion and viscoelasticity. Here we show through numerical simulations of the dissipative Euler’s equations that orientational diffusion, rather than viscoelasticity, primarily drives precession relaxation and effectively suppresses the Dzhanibekov effect.Publicación Stochastic Dissipative Euler’s equations for a free body(De Gruyter Brill, 2024-11-05) Torre Rodríguez, Jaime Arturo de la; Sánchez Rodríguez, Jesús; Español Garrigos, JoséIntrinsic thermal fluctuations within a real solid challenge the rigid body assumption that is central to Euler’s equations for the motion of a free body. Recently, we have introduced a dissipative and stochastic version of Euler’s equations in a thermodynamically consistent way (European Journal of Mechanics – A/Solids 103, 105,184 (2024)). This framework describes the evolution of both orientation and shape of a free body, incorporating internal thermal fluctuations and their concomitant dissipative mechanisms. In the present work, we demonstrate that, in the absence of angular momentum, the theory predicts that the principal axes unit vectors of a body undergo an anisotropic Brownian motion on the unit sphere, with the anisotropy arising from the body’s varying moments of inertia. The resulting equilibrium time correlation function of the principal eigenvectors decays exponentially. This theoretical prediction is confirmed in molecular dynamics simulations of small bodies. The comparison of theory and equilibrium MD simulations allow us to measure the orientational diffusion tensor. We then use this information in the Stochastic Dissipative Euler’s Equations, to describe a non-equilibrium situation of a body spinning around the unstable intermediate axis. The agreement between theory and simulations is excellent, offering a validation of the theoretical frameworkPublicación La interpretación constitucional como caso especial de la interpretación jurídica(Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 2023-03-30) Portocarrero Quispe, Jorge AlexanderInterpretación jurídica e interpretación constitucional son dos de los temas sobre los que más se ha escrito e investigado en los últimos años en el ámbito de la teoría jurídica. Sin embargo, no parece claro si estas categorías son equivalentes o si, en alguna medida, existe una diferencia o cualificación entre ellas ¿Interpretar normas constitucionales es indistinguible de la interpretación de normas infra constitucionales? ¿Son los métodos de aplicación para normas legales los mismos que aquellos a ser empleados para aplicar normas constitucionales? Mientras que algunas teorías equiparan la interpretación de normas constitucionales a la interpretación de normas legales, otras teorías plantean desarrollar una metodología de interpretación propia para las normas constitucionales. La importancia de abordar la relación entre interpretación jurídica e interpretación constitucional radica en que, si la interpretación constitucional se diferencia de la interpretación jurídica en general, entonces será posible sostener que la metodología tradicional, basada en cánones de interpretación y la subsunción, es insuficiente para interpretar la constitución. El presente artículo busca estructurar un argumento en favor de la especialidad de la interpretación constitucional, sin que ello implique desvincularla totalmente de la teoría general de la interpretación jurídica.Publicación Restricciones a la independencia judicial en el Perú: análisis del caso Cuya Lavy y otros vs. Perú de la corte interamericana de derechos humanos(UNED - Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, 2023-07-14) Portocarrero Quispe, Jorge AlexanderLa Sentencia del Caso Cuya Lavy y otros Vs. Perú (en adelante la Sentencia Cuya Lavy) de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (en adelante la Corte IDH) representa el último estadio en la evolución de la jurisprudencia de dicha Corte respecto del procedimiento de evaluación y ratificación periódica de jueces y fiscales en el Perú. A nivel interamericano, la Sentencia Cuya Lavy sienta por primera vez un precedente claro sobre los estándares mínimos que ha de satisfacer cualquier tipo de restricción al principio de la independencia judicial en el marco de la Convención Americana de Derechos Humanos (en adelante la Convención Americana); por lo que los estándares establecidos en esta sentencia no solo son aplicables al Perú, sino que lo son para todo Estado miembro que busque restringir en alguna medida el principio de independencia judicial en su derecho interno. Por otro lado, a nivel del derecho nacional, la Corte IDH en la Sentencia Cuya Lavy impone al Estado peruano, como medida de no repetición, la obligación de realizar adecuaciones normativas concretas para el aseguramiento de la independencia judicial; medida que obliga al Perú no solo a modificar su legislación sobre el proceso de evaluación y ratificación periódica de jueces y fiscales, sino que además implica una modificación de las normas constitucionales que legitiman dicho procedimiento. Si bien el procedimiento de la ratificación periódica de jueces y fiscales, tal y como está planteado en la Constitución peruana, mutatis mutandis, tiene parangón en el derecho comparado, sí es un caso bastante particular y con más de un siglo de tradición en la historia constitucional peruana. El presente artículo busca analizar en qué medida el principio independencia judicial es compatible con el procedimiento de la ratificación periódica de jueces y fiscales en el marco del ordenamiento jurídico peruano y el sistema interamericano de derechos humanos. Para tal fin, se recurrirá a los argumentos planteados por la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos en la Sentencia del Caso Cuya Lavy y otros Vs. Perú, sometiéndolos a un análisis descriptivo-valorativo en el contexto del derecho interno peruano.Publicación Un modelo de interpretación para la efectivización progresiva de derechos sociales de prestación(Universidad Externado de Colombia, 2024-05) Portocarrero Quispe, Jorge AlexanderEl presente artículo aborda, desde una perspectiva teórica, la problemática de la efectivización de los derechos sociales de prestación. La tesis central del artículo sostiene que esta efectivización puede darse mediante un modelo progresivo de tres niveles, a saber: el nivel de la funcionalidad básica, el nivel de la optimización del bienestar y el nivel de la complementación del bienestar. El artículo inicia con la fundamentación de la equiparabilidad de los derechos sociales de prestación con los derechos fundamentales “tradicionales o clásicos”, por ser dicha equiparabilidad el requisito teórico para justificar la justiciabilidad y efectivización de los derechos fundamentales prestacionales; a continuación, pasa a desarrollar la idea de obligación mínima esencial para luego incorporarla como primer nivel dentro de la estructura progresiva de efectivización. Finalmente, se pondrá a prueba este modelo teórico al reconstruir con base en el mismo el caso Cuscul Pivaral y otros vs. Guatemala resuelto por la Corte idh.Publicación Reseña de: Review of Weaving Tales: Anglo-Iberian Encounters on Literatures in English. Edited By Paula García-Ramírez, Beatriz Valverde, Angélica Varandas, Jason Whittaker.” NEXUS. 2025(Aedean (Asociación Española de Estudios Anglo-Norteamericanos), 2025-01-01) Gómez Galisteo, Carmen; Moreno Álvarez, AlejandraPublicación Reseña de: The Cultural Legacy of Disney: A Century of MagicBy Robyn Muir, Emily Aguiló- Pérez, Hannah Helm and Rebecca Rowe (eds.), Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2024. pp. 244. $110.00 (hbk)(Wiley Periodicals, 2024-12-24) Gómez Galisteo, Carmen-Publicación Sense and Sensibility Rewritten: Revising Love and Marriage in Jane Austen and Joanna Trollope’s Sequel(University of Timisoara, 2025-01-31) Gómez Galisteo, Carmen; Pârlog, HortensiaWhile most discussions of marriage in Jane Austen primarily dwell on Pride and Prejudice and its treatment, marriage is also central in Sense and Sensibility, which illustrates the penury that may befall young, single women with limited financial means. This essay analyzes Sense & Sensibility, a rewriting of Sense and Sensibility by Joanna Trollope (2013), which is set in twenty-first century England, paying close attention to how Trollope approaches love and marriage (its desirability or the obligation to get married), especially under the light of changing social mores in the twenty-first century and taking into account Austen’s own views on both issues as presented in Sense and Sensibility.