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Chorot Raso, Paloma

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Chorot Raso
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Paloma
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2020 - 20249
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  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: Negative and positive effects in Spanish population during the mandatory national quarantine
    (UNED (Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia), 2020-09-01) Sandín, Bonifacio; Valiente García, Rosa María; García Escalera, Julia; Campagne, Daniel M.; Chorot Raso, Paloma
    The COVID-19 pandemic has been spreading rapidly in Spain. The objective of this work was to examine the psychological impact of the pandemic and the Spanish national quarantine that took place during March and April 2020. We investigated the prevalence of fear of coronavirus, emotional symptoms and sleep problems. We also examined possible positive effects. A sample of 1,161 participants (aged 19 to 84 years) completed online the Coronavirus Psychological Impact Questionnaire, the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale–12, and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Results indicated that the most common fears pertain to the domains of contagion/disease/death, social isolation, and employment/income issues. We found high levels of emotional impact reflected in fear of coronavirus, sleep problems, and emotional symptoms (preoccupation, distress, hopelessness, depression, anxiety, nervousness, and restlessness). Regression analyses revealed that intolerance of uncertainty and social media exposure are strong predictors of the impact. We also found some effects of the COVID-19 lockdown favoring positive personal experiences. A new self-report instrument to assess psychological impact of coronavirus is provided.
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    The Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Adolescents (UP-A) Adapted as a School-Based Anxiety and Depression Prevention Program: An Initial Cluster Randomized Wait-List-Controlled Trial
    (Elsevier, 2020-05-08) García Escalera, Julia; Valiente García, Rosa María; Sandín, Bonifacio; Ehrenreich May, Jill; Prieto Lara, Antonio; Chorot Raso, Paloma
    Anxiety and depression are common debilitating conditions that show high comorbidity rates in adolescence. The Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Adolescents (UP-A; Ehrenreich-May et al., 2018) is one of the few existing resources aimed at applying transdiagnostic treatment principles across the core dysfunctions implicated in the development of both anxiety and depression using a single protocol. This is the first known controlled study to examine the efficacy of the UP-A adapted as a nine-session universal preventive intervention program delivered in a school setting. A total of 151 students (mean age: 15.05) participated in this randomized wait-list-controlled trial conducted in Madrid, Spain. An unexpected decline in anxiety and depression levels from pre- to posttreatment and follow-up was found in both groups (p = .009, d = –0.22), and overall differences between conditions did not reach significance. Exploratory analyses of baseline emotional symptom severity as a potential predictor trended toward a significantly greater decrease in symptoms of depression for those with greater baseline emotional symptoms in the UP-A group compared to the wait-list-control group. Future trials with larger samples are justified to estimate the effect of the UP-A adapted as a selective prevention program for anxiety and depression.
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    Efficacy of a transdiagnostic internet-based program for adolescents with emotional disorders: A randomized controlled trial
    (Elsevier, 2024-08) Espinosa, Victoria; Valiente García, Rosa María; García Escalera, Julia; Chorot Raso, Paloma; Arnáez, Sandra; Schmitt, Julia Christin; Sandín, Bonifacio
    Objective The Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Adolescents (UP-A) is a well-established transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy (T-CBT) intervention. The aim of the present study was to examine the efficacy of the program Learn to Manage your Emotions [Aprende a Manejar tus Emociones] (AMtE), a self-applied transdiagnostic internet-delivered program based on the Spanish version of the UP-A. This is the first transdiagnostic internet-based program designed for the treatment of emotional disorders in adolescents. Method A sample of Spanish adolescents with a primary diagnosis of an anxiety and/or depressive disorder (n = 58; age range = 12–18 years; 78.3% girls; 90% Caucasian) were randomly allocated to receive AMtE (n = 28) or the UP-A via videocall (n = 30). Pre-treatment, post-treatment and 3-month follow-up data were collected using self-reports and clinician-rated measures of anxiety, depression, positive and negative affect, anxiety sensitivity and emotional avoidance. Results Based on generalized estimating equations (GEE) models, both intervention programs were effective in significantly reducing self-reported anxiety and depressive disorder symptoms and clinician-rated severity of anxiety and depression, as well as self-reported transdiagnostic outcome variables. Conclusions Data provide empirical support for the efficacy of AMtE as a transdiagnostic online CBT treatment for anxiety and depressive disorders in adolescents. No marked nor consistent differences were observed between the UP-A and AMtE, highlighting the potential usefulness of the online self-administered AMtE program.
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    Prevention of depression and anxiety in subclinical adolescents: Effects of a transdiagnostic internet-delivered CBT program
    (MDPI, 2022-04-28) Schmitt, Julia Christin; Valiente García, Rosa María; García Escalera, Julia; Arnáez, Sandra; Espinosa, Victoria; Sandín, Bonifacio; Chorot Raso, Paloma
    Anxiety and depressive symptoms are common problems in adolescence that could be addressed by means of preventive interventions. Even though transdiagnostic cognitive behavior therapy (T-CBT) is potentially an ideal strategy to deal with anxiety and depression, it has rarely been used for preventive purposes. In addition, so far, no study has used internet-delivered T-CBT to prevent anxiety and depression in adolescents. This study aimed to examine the utility of AMTE, an internet-delivered T-CBT program, for the indicated prevention of anxiety and depression in adolescents. AMTE was applied to 30 adolescents (56.7% females, age range = 12–18 years, Mage = 14.00, SDage = 1.89) who showed subclinical symptoms of anxiety and/or depression. Participants were assessed at pre- and post-treatment and follow-up (3 months). We found that after the program, the symptoms of self-reported anxiety and depression, clinician-rated symptom severity, and self-reported and parent-reported severity of the main problems had significantly improved. In addition, there were significant improvements in anxiety sensitivity and emotional avoidance. Finally, we found high feasibility and acceptability of the program. AMTE is feasible and potentially effective for the indicated prevention of anxiety and depression as well as of clinical transdiagnostic factors, in adolescents.
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    Impacto psicológico de la pandemia de COVID-19: Efectos negativos y positivos en población española asociados al periodo de confinamiento nacional
    (UNED (Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia), 2020-09-01) Sandín, Bonifacio; Valiente García, Rosa María; García Escalera, Julia; Chorot Raso, Paloma
    La pandemia COVID-19 se ha extendido rápidamente en España. El objetivo del estudio fue examinar el impacto psicológico de la pandemia y el confinamiento nacional vivido en España durante los meses de marzo y abril de 2020. Se investigó la prevalencia del miedo al coronavirus, los síntomas emocionales, y los problemas de sueño. También examinamos los posibles efectos positivos. Una muestra de 1.161 participantes (edad: 19-84 años) cumplimentó online el Cuestionario de Impacto Psicológico del Coronavirus, la Escala de Intolerancia a la Incertidumbre –12, y las escalas PANAS de afecto positivo y negativo. Los resultados indican que los miedos más comunes corresponden a las categorías de contagio/enfermedad/muerte, aislamiento social, y problemas de trabajo/ingresos. Encontramos niveles elevados de impacto emocional reflejado en los miedos al coronavirus, problemas de sueño, y síntomas emocionales (preocupación, estrés, desesperanza, depresión, ansiedad, nerviosismo, e inquietud). La intolerancia a la incertidumbre y la exposición a los medios de comunicación son poderosos predictores del impacto. También encontramos que el confinamiento favorecía algunas experiencias personales positivas. Se indican algunas sugerencias para la intervención psicológica. Se aporta un nuevo instrumento de autoinforme para la evaluación del impacto psicológico del coronavirus.
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    Clinical utility of an internet-delivered version of the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders in adolescents (iUP-A): A pilot open trial
    (MDPI, 2020-11-10) Sandín, Bonifacio; García Escalera, Julia; Valiente García, Rosa María; Espinosa, Victoria; Chorot Raso, Paloma
    The Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Adolescents (UP-A) has been shown to be effective for reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression in adolescents with emotional disorders. Internet-delivered psychological treatments have great potential to improve access to evidence-based psychological therapy since they are associated with reduced human and economic costs and less social stigma. Recently, our group developed an online version of the UP-A (the iUP-A) for the treatment of emotional disorders in adolescents. The aim of this pilot trial was to test the clinical utility of the iUP-A in a small sample (n = 12) of adolescents with elevated anxiety and/or depressive symptoms. Intention-to-treat and completer analyses revealed pre- to post-intervention self-reported decreases of anxiety and depressive symptoms, anxiety sensitivity, emotional avoidance, panic disorder symptoms, panic disorder severity, generalized anxiety disorder symptoms, pathological worry, and major depressive disorder symptoms. We found high feasibility and acceptability of the program with all participants and responsible parents reporting an improvement in the adolescents’ ability to cope with emotions. Results suggest that the iUP-A may provide a new approach to improve access to treatment for anxious and depressive adolescents in Spain; however, further research must be conducted before firm conclusions can be drawn.
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    Impacto emocional de la pandemia de COVID-19 durante el periodo de confinamiento en España: Factores protectores y factores de riesgo/vulnerabilidad
    (UNED (Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia), 2021-06-30) Sandín, Bonifacio; Chorot Raso, Paloma; García Escalera, Julia; Valiente García, Rosa María; http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7206-6410
    El objetivo del presente estudio fue examinar el impacto emocional de la pandemia de COVID-19 y el confinamiento nacional vivido en España durante los meses de marzo y abril de 2020. Se investigó la prevalencia de distrés emocional, así como también los factores protectores y de riesgo/vulnerabilidad. Una muestra de 1.561 participantes (edad: 19-84 años) cumplimentó online el Cuestionario de Impacto Psicológico del Coronavirus (CIPC), la Escala de Intolerancia a la Incertidumbre –12, y las escalas PANAS de afecto positivo y negativo. Los resultados indican que muchos participantes experimentaron niveles elevados de distrés emocional reflejado a través de un perfil de distrés de 10 síntomas en el que predominaron la preocupación, el agobio/estrés, la desesperanza, la tristeza/depresión y los problemas de sueño. Encontramos factores protectores (edad, nivel de ingresos, jardín en vivienda, trabajar fuera de casa), de riesgo (exposición a los medios de comunicación, vivir con enfermos crónicos, vivir con personas dependientes, trabajar como sanitario) y de vulnerabilidad (sexo, afecto negativo, intolerancia a la incertidumbre) que predecían significativamente los niveles de distrés. El afecto negativo y la intolerancia a la incertidumbre demostraron ser poderosos predictores del distrés. Adicionalmente, se proporciona evidencia empírica sobre la validación de la Escala de Distrés Emocional del CIPC.
  • Miniatura
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    Effects of Coronavirus Fears on Anxiety and Depressive Disorder Symptoms in Clinical and Subclinical Adolescents: The Role of Negative Affect, Intolerance of Uncertainty, and Emotion Regulation Strategies
    (Frontiers Media, 2021-08-06) Sandín, Bonifacio; Espinosa, Victoria; Valiente García, Rosa María; García Escalera, Julia; Schmitt, Julia Christin; Arnáez, Sandra; Chorot Raso, Paloma
    Fears related to COVID-19 (“coronavirus fears”) have emerged as a new psychological effect of the current COVID-19 pandemic and have been associated with psychological distress and impairment. Other adverse effects include an increase in anxiety and depression symptoms and the respective disorders. The purpose of the current study was to examine the incremental validity of coronavirus fears and transdiagnostic factors in the prediction of the severity of anxiety and depressive disorder symptoms. A sample of 144 adolescents [aged 12–18 years, 55 boys (38.2%) and 89 girls (61.8%)] most of whom showed elevated levels of anxiety and depressive disorder symptoms completed several self-report measures online assessing coronavirus fears, transdiagnostic vulnerability and protective factors, and emotion regulation strategies. Results based on a series of hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that coronavirus fears, negative affect, intolerance of uncertainty, acceptance/tolerance, rumination and suppression explained unique variance in the severity of anxiety and depressive disorder symptoms. Path analysis demonstrated that acceptance/tolerance, rumination and suppression mediated the association between higher level transdiagnostic factors and the severity of major depressive disorder symptoms. Findings provide support for the hierarchical transdiagnostic model of emotional disorders and suggest that clinicians should be aware of coronavirus fears. Also, the results warrant the need to consider transdiagnostic vulnerability and protective processes in the new protocols for the treatment of emotional disorders.
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    Los efectos de un programa de prevención de la ansiedad y la depresión para adolescentes en variables educativas y de bienestar
    (Elsevier, 2020) García Escalera, Julia; Valiente García, Rosa María; Sandín, Bonifacio; Ehrenreich- May, Jill; Chorot Raso, Paloma
    La ansiedad y la depresión son trastornos que presentan altas tasas de prevalencia y comorbilidad en la adolescencia. A pesar de que los centros escolares constituyen un recurso clave para fomentar la salud mental, escasean los programas de prevención de los trastornos mentales en este contexto. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar la eficacia de un programa basado en la terapia cognitivo-conductual transdiagnóstica para prevenir de forma conjunta la ansiedad y la depresión. En concreto, se estudia la eficacia de dicho programa en relación con las siguientes variables educativas y de bienestar: ajuste escolar, indisciplina en el aula, problemas con los iguales, satisfacción con la vida, calidad de vida y autoestima. Un total de 151 adolescentes fueron aleatorizados al grupo experimental o al grupo control y cumplimentaron varios cuestionarios autoinformados en tres momentos temporales (incluyendo un seguimiento a los tres meses). La intervención está compuesta por nueve sesiones semanales impartidas en horario escolar por dos psicólogas. Los resultados muestran una reducción de las expectativas académicas en el grupo control, mientras que estas se mantienen constantes en el grupo experimental. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados del trabajo teniendo en cuenta la literatura previa y las limitaciones del estudio.