Persona: Berlanga Cañete, Félix Antonio
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Berlanga Cañete
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Félix Antonio
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Publicación Experimental measurements of the exposure to exhaled contaminants from different breathing modes(SIY Indoor Air Information Oy, 2018) Berlanga Cañete, Félix Antonio; Olmedo, Inés; Ruiz de Adana, M.; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1527-658X; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7890-7505This experimental study analyses the contaminants exposure of a health worker (HW) to the contaminants exhaled by a lying patient (P) inside a hospital room using breathing thermal manikins. The two possible exhalation ways of P, though the nose (N) or through the mouth (M) are considered while HW always inhales through its nose. In addition, two different respiration functions are tested for P breathing, one corresponding to a 1,8 m height and 80 kg weight male (H) and another corresponding to a 1,5 m height and 50 kg weight female (L). The room is ventilated using a mixing ventilation strategy with 6 ACH as ventilation rate. A tracer gas (R134A) is used to surrogate the contaminants emitted through P exhalation, being the only source of contaminants inside the room. Using field measurements data, the value of contaminant exposure (𝑒𝐻𝑊𝑐) and the intake fraction (𝐼𝐹) are obtained together with the peak concentration intensity and frequency as the indices to compare the different experimental combinations. Results are intended to be extrapolated, considering the limitations, to the possible exposition of HW to the pathogens released by P exhalation.Publicación Assessment of displacement ventilation systems in airborne infection risk in hospital rooms(Public Library of Science, 2019-01-30) Villafruela, José Manuel; Olmedo, Inés; Berlanga Cañete, Félix Antonio; Ruiz de Adana, Manuel; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0491-4371; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7890-7505Efficient ventilation in hospital airborne isolation rooms is important vis-à-vis decreasing the risk of cross infection and reducing energy consumption. This paper analyses the suitability of using a displacement ventilation strategy in airborne infection isolation rooms, focusing on health care worker exposure to pathogens exhaled by infected patients. The analysis is mainly based on numerical simulation results obtained with the support of a 3-D transient numerical model validated using experimental data. A thermal breathing manikin lying on a bed represents the source patient and another thermal breathing manikin represents the exposed individual standing beside the bed and facing the patient. A radiant wall represents an external wall exposed to solar radiation. The air change efficiency index and contaminant removal effectiveness indices and inhalation by the health care worker of contaminants exhaled by the patient are considered in a typical airborne infection isolation room set up with three air renewal rates (6 h-1, 9 h-1 and 12 h-1), two exhaust opening positions and two health care worker positions. Results show that the radiant wall significantly affects the air flow pattern and contaminant dispersion. The lockup phenomenon occurs at the inhalation height of the standing manikin. Displacement ventilation renews the air of the airborne isolation room and eliminates the exhaled pollutants efficiently, but is at a disadvantage compared to other ventilation strategies when the risk of exposure is taken into account.Publicación Influence of the geometry of the airways on the characterization of exhalation flows. Comparison between two different airway complexity levels performing two different breathing functions(Elsevier, 2020-02) Berlanga Cañete, Félix Antonio; Liu, L.; Nielsen, P.V.; Jensen, R.L.; Costa, Alexandre; Olmedo, I.; Ruiz de Adana, M.Human exhalation can emit pathogens in droplets that can represent the origin of airborne cross infections. Simplified respiratory airway models have been used in experimental and numerical studies in order to simulate exhalation flows. This study presents a comparison between two different airway models, a simplification (SA) and a realistic 3D scanned model (RA) in performing two different exhalation patterns corresponding to two different female metabolic rates, corresponding to a standing relaxed (SR) activity (1.2 met) and walking active (WA) metabolic level (2 met). A time resolved particle image velocimetry (TR-PIV) study of the flow emitted to the surroundings in each case is obtained for each airway and exhalation combination. Results show that the scanned 3D model (RA) presents a different and more realistic flow development. Transient puff structures have been identified for both airway models. Results can be useful for further research on pollution control in indoor and outdoor spaces.Publicación Experimental analysis of the air velocity and contaminant dispersion of human exhalation flows(Wiley, 2016-11-17) Berlanga Cañete, Félix Antonio; Olmedo, Inés; Ruiz de Adana, M.; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1527-658X; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7890-7505Human exhalation flow is a potential source of pathogens that can constitute a cross-infection risk to people in indoor environments. Thus, it is important to investigate the characteristics of this flow, its development, area of influence, and the diffusion of the exhaled contaminants. This paper uses phase-averaged particle image velocimetry together with a tracer gas (CO2) to study two different exhalation flows over time: the exhalation of an average male (test M) and an average female (test F), using a life-sized thermal manikin in a supine position. The exhalation jets generated for both tests are similar in terms of symmetrical geometry, vorticity values, jet opening angles, and velocity and concentration decays. However, there is a difference in the penetration length of the two flows throughout the whole exhalation process. There is also a time difference in reaching maximum velocity between the two tests. It is also possible to see that the tracer gas dispersion depends on the momentum of the jet so the test with the highest velocity decay shows the lowest concentration decay. All these results are of interest to better understand cross-infection risk.Publicación Installing Opaque Ventilated Facades for Energy Saving in Old Buildings(Department of Civil Engineering, Aalborg University, 2016) Peci, Fernando; Ruiz de Adana, M.; Comino, Francisco; Berlanga Cañete, Félix Antonio; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7890-7505Many buildings erected more than about thirty years ago lack of an effective facade insulation. Some of them can be seen in old residential neighborhoods, with parts of their concrete structures exposed to outdoor air and sunlight, single pane windows, thermal bridges, etc. Renovation of these facades leads to energy savings and more comfortable and healthy indoor air conditions. An opaque ventilated facade (OVF) is an easy and economic system to reduce heating energy consumption. The main objective of this paper was to obtain the reduction in heating demand in the winter season using OVF’s modules. Another objective was to determine the best location in terms of climate variables to install an OVF system. In order to achieve these objectives, the thermal loads of a building with and without an opaque ventilated facade system were simulated for 12 locations in a European country in the winter season. Energy saving in the winter were found to be positive for all the locations, and the best locations to install an OVF were found to be the southern regions and the coastal areas, which were the ones with the highest levels of solar radiation. It was also found that locations with lower solar radiation levels had lower heating demand values when their temperatures levels were high and/or the average wind speed levels were low.Publicación Three dimensional analysis of the exhalation flow in the proximity of the mouth(Elsevier, 2024-02-29) Berlanga Cañete, Félix Antonio; Gómez del Pino, Pablo Joaquín; Esteban Paz, Adolfo; Liu, L.; Nielsen, P.V.The human exhalation flow is characterized in this work from the three-dimensional velocimetry results obtained by using the stereo particle image velocimetry (SPIV) measurement technique on the flow emitted from a realistic airway model. For this purpose, the transient exhalation flow through the mouth of a person performing two different breaths corresponding to two metabolic rates, standing relaxed (SR) and walking active (WA), is emulated and studied. To reproduce the flow realistically, a detailed three-dimensional model obtained from computed tomography measurements on real subjects is used. To cope with the variability of the experimental data, a subsequent analysis of the results is performed using the TR-PIV (time resolved particle image velocimetry) technique. Exhalation produces a transient jet that becomes a puff when flow emission ends. Three-dimensional vector fields of the jet velocity are obtained in five equally spaced transverse planes up to a distance of Image 1 from the mouth at equally spaced time instants Image 2 which will be referred to as phases (φ), from the beginning to the end of exhalation. The time evolution during exhalation of the jet area of influence, the velocity field and the jet air entrainment have been characterized for each of the jet cross sections. The importance of the use of realistic airway models for the study of this type of flow and the influence of the metabolic rate on its development are also analyzed. The results obtained contribute to the characterization of the human exhalation as a pathway of the transmission of pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 virus.Publicación Influence of the air renovation rate on the risk of cross infections in a hospital room with a combined radiant and mixing ventilation system(Department of Civil Engineering, Aalborg University, 2016) Berlanga Cañete, Félix Antonio; Olmedo, Inés; Ruiz de Adana, M.; Peci, F.; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1527-658X; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7890-7505This study aims to test how mixing ventilation combined with a hydronic radiant floor system performs removing airborne exhaled contaminants using two different air renovation rates. The two selected renovation rates are 2 ACH and 7.5 ACH. Temperature and velocity probes are used to evaluate temperature and velocity profiles in the room. A tracer gas (CO2) is used to measure the risk of cross infection between two breathing thermal manikins. One of the manikins (P) represents a lying person over a horizontal surface and its breathing represents the only source of contaminants into the chamber. The other one (HW) represents a standing person near P. The concentration of exhaled contaminants reaching its breathing zone is studied. Temperature and air velocity profiles show that a nearly completely air stability situation is reached at the occupied zone. This stability is influenced by the air renovation rate performed. Tracer gas measurement results show a similar distribution of exhaled contaminants but with some discrepancies for both tests conducted. A higher tracer gas concentration reaches the nearby zone of HW manikin when the air renovation rate is increased from 2 to 7.5 ACH. This can lead to a higher cross infection rate. The obtained results suggest that that a higher ventilation rate not necessary leads to a decrease of the airborne cross infection risk for the occupants in an enclosed area.Publicación Experimental assessment of different mixing air ventilation systems on ventilation performance and exposure to exhaled contaminants in hospital rooms(Elsevier, 2018-08-23) Berlanga Cañete, Félix Antonio; Olmedo, Inés; Ruiz de Adana, M.; Villafruela, José Manuel; San José, J. F.; Castro, F.; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1527-658X; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7890-7505; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0491-4371This study evaluates the convenience of the use of four different mixing ventilation configurations in individual hospital rooms (IHR) based on ventilation performance and health workers (HW) exposure to the contaminants released by a confined patient (CP). Two supply configurations: grilles in the upper part of a wall (G) and swirl ceiling diffusers (S), combined with two different exhaust grilles positions in the opposite wall: upper part (U) and lower part (D) are tested using typical IHR set up. Occupants are represented by thermal breathing manikins, CP lies on a bed while HW stands close to it. Three air renewal rates are tested to determine their influence in the studied variables, 6, 9 and 12 ACH covering the whole range of ventilation requirements of such spaces. The experimental conditions considering the thermal comfort of the occupants are taken into account. Different ventilation configurations create different air distribution patterns inside the room. G configurations lead to high HW transient exposure values while S maintain low values that decrease when ACH is increased, so this second configuration is preferred for IHRs. Results are also compared with a displacement ventilation (DV) study highlighting the convenience of this strategy for IHRs.Publicación Experimental evaluation of thermal comfort, ventilation performance indices and exposure to airborne contaminant in an airborne infection isolation room equipped with a displacement air distribution system(Elsevier, 2017-11-20) Berlanga Cañete, Félix Antonio; Ruiz de Adana, M.; Olmedo, Inés; Villafruela, José Manuel; San José, J. F.; Castro, F.; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1527-658X; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0491-4371; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0491-4371This study is focused on determining the convenience of the use of displacement ventilation strategy in airborne infection isolation rooms (AIIRs). Thermal comfort of the occupants of the chamber, ventilation and contaminant performance indices and the exposure of the health worker (HW) to the contaminants exhaled by the confined patient (P) are considered in a typical AIIR set up with two thermal breathing manikins and a radiant wall simulating an external wall. Three air renewal rates are tested to determine their influence in the studied variables. Results show that ventilation performance, contaminants and general comfort indices for both manikins perform well in the cases studied. Lockup phenomenon associated with displacement ventilation occurs above P but it has a low influence on contaminant exposure of HW because of the influence of the convective boundary layer of HW. The influence of the radiant wall could lock the air path near the exhaust grille.Publicación Experimental variation of the personal exposure in a hospital room influenced by wall heat gains(Elsevier, 2019-03-25) Olmedo, Inés; Berlanga Cañete, Félix Antonio; Villafruela, José Manuel; Ruiz de Adana, M.; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1527-658X; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0491-4371; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7890-7505Homogenous indoor temperature of the walls in hospital rooms may be a difficult condition to be reached. Solar radiation increases heat loads in building walls, especially glazed walls, increasing their superficial temperature. This paper aims to investigate the influence of a wall heat gain, simulated experimentally by a radiant wall (RW), on the distribution of indoor exhaled contaminants and therefore the exposure to a person. An experimental setup of a single hospital room is considered with a patient in repose (PR) being the source of exhaled contaminants, and a health worker (HW) standing and being the exposed person. Four different positions of HW relative to PR and RW are studied. The experiments are carried out using 6 and 12 air changes per hour (ACH) and with active and inactive RW, simulating sunny and shaded conditions of an external wall. The concentration of exhaled contaminants is measured in the microenvironment and the inhalation of HW. The exposure of HW to the exhaled contaminants is compared for a total of 16 experiments. Results show that wall heat gains significantly change the distribution of exhaled contaminants. RW active generates “clean” and “polluted” areas of exhaled contaminants at both sides of the bed that changes when using 6 or 12 ACH. Moreover, with RW active, the use of 12 ACH not always leads to a decrease of HW exposure. The intake fraction, IF, is a more suitable index than the personal exposure, einh, since illustrates the dilution of inhaled contaminants respect to the source.