Artículos y papers

URI permanente para esta colección

hdl:123456789/21

Examinar

Mostrando 1 - 20 de 31

A Rebato: Popular uprisings and the striking of the bells in eighteenth-century Castile
(2023-08-18) Hernández Benítez, Mauro
This paper delves into the dynamics of popular revolt in early modern Castile, taking as a viewpoint a revealing feature of these disturbances, the bell-ringing widely known as rebato, an equivalent to the French tocsin. While alarm bells have long been recognised as a prevalent element of popular revolt in Europe from medieval times, they have received limited specific scholarly attention. This study provides an overview of the historical significance of this distinctive sound and examines its material aspects. Subsequently, the paper investigates several instances of bell-ringing during Castilian riots, as reflected in archival sources, and analyses its meaning both for townspeople and the authorities. In attempting to elucidate the reasons behind the aversion this sound provoked among the privileged classes and the authorities, the study explores the political, ritual, and sonic dimensions of the rebato.
A study on the deployment of high-speed broadband networks in NUTS3 regions within the framework of digital agenda for Europe
(Elsevier, 2018) Feijóo González, Claudio; Armuña, Cristina; Arenal, Alberto; Ramos Villaverde, Sergio; Gómez Barroso, José Luis
This paper investigates the high-speed broadband situation in the EU and its prospects. It uses a deployment model to estimate the investment required to meet the Digital Agenda for Europe (DAE) broadband targets set by the European Commission in its Europe 2020 strategy at different stages: as of 2016, after expected operators’ deployment, after public subsidies and leveraged investment, and as expected in 2020. The model uses data at the NUTS3 level, which is the most granular level that has data available on the status of broadband deployment, to arrive at a coherent and comparable framework. From the different perspectives on the investment to meet DAE targets, the paper concludes on the need for an appropriate combination of incumbent and alternative operators investments, public subsidies and leveraged investments, and new investments, both public and private and non-existing as of 2016, examining their feasibility and the impact of different regulatory, technical, and policy strategies.
An academic perspective on the entrepreneurship policy agenda: themes, geographies and evolution
(Emerald Publishing, 2020-02-18) Arenal, Alberto; Feijoo, Claudio; Moreno, Ana; Armuña, Cristina; Ramos Villaverde, Sergio
Purpose Academic research into entrepreneurship policy is particularly interesting due to the increasing relevance of the topic and since knowledge about the evolution of themes in this field is still rather limited. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the key concepts, topics, trends and shifts that have shaped the entrepreneurship policy research agenda during the period 1990–2016. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses text mining techniques, cluster analysis and complementary bibliographic data to examine the evolution of a corpus of 1,048 academic papers focused on entrepreneurship-related policies and published during the period 1990–2016 in ten relevant journals. In particular, the paper follows a standard text mining workflow: first, as text is unstructured, content requires a set of pre-processing tasks and then a stemming process. Then, the paper examines the most repeated concepts within the corpus, considering the whole period 1990–2016 and also in five-year terms. Finally, the paper conducts a k-means clustering to divide the collection of documents into coherent groups with similar content. The analyses in the paper also include geographical particularities considering three regional sub-corpora, distinguishing those articles authored in the European Union (EU), the USA and South and Eastern Asia, respectively. Findings Results of the analysis show that inclusion, employment and regulation-related papers have largely dominated the research in the field, evolving from an initial classical approach to the relationship between entrepreneurship and employment to a wider, multidisciplinary perspective, including the relevance of management, geographies and narrower topics such as agglomeration economics or internationalisation instead of the previous generic sectorial approaches. The text mining analysis also reveals how entrepreneurship policy research has gained increasing attention and has become both more open, with a growing cooperation among researchers from different affiliations, and more sophisticated, with concepts and themes that moved the research agenda forward, closer to the priorities of policy implementation. Research limitations/implications The paper identifies main trends and research gaps in the field of entrepreneurship policy providing actionable knowledge by presenting the spectrum of both over-explored and understudied research themes in the field. In practical terms the results of the text mining analysis can be interpreted as a compass to navigate the entrepreneurship policy research agenda. Practical implications The paper presents the heterogeneity of topics under research in the field, reinforcing the concept of entrepreneurship as a multidisciplinary and dynamic domain. Therefore, the definition and adoption of a certain policy agenda in entrepreneurship should consider multiple aspects (needs, objectives, stakeholders, expected outputs, etc.) to be comprehensive and aligned with its complexity. In addition, the paper shows how text mining techniques could be used to map the research activity in a particular field, contributing to the challenge of linking research and policy. Originality/value The exploratory nature of text mining allows us to obtain new knowledge and reveals hidden patterns from large quantities of documents/text data, representing an opportunity to complement other qualitative reviews. In this sense, the main value of this paper is not to advise on the future configuration of entrepreneurship policy as a research topic, but to unwrap the past by unveiling how key themes of the entrepreneurship policy research agenda have emerged, evolved and/or declined over time as a foundation on which to build further developments.
The agricultural productivity gap: a global vision
(Taylor and Francis Group, 2022-06-20) González Esteban, Ángel Luis; Botella Rodríguez, Elisa; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9604-4822
Productivity in agriculture tends to grow slower than in other sectors. This is a stylized fact that has resulted in a persistent productivity gap, generalized over time and across countries. This paper explores the evolution of this gap from an international perspective, identifying patterns in both developed and developing countries. Empirical regularities are discussed in the light of a literature review on the causes of the gap and its socio-economic effects. Reflections on the nature of the productivity gap often merge with considerations on its social implications and on the policies that should be implemented to deal with it. We refer to this wider political economy issue as the ‘farm problem’, and argue that it has not been given a satisfactory solution, neither in rich nor in developing countries. Although in some industrialized countries the discharging of the countryside has acted as a major source of convergence, there has not been a general reduction in the productivity gap between agriculture and the rest of the economy worldwide, nor are there compelling reasons to assume that this will happen in the future.
An analysis of the behaviour of Spanish society regarding online privacy protection
(Federación Española de Sociología, 2020) Feijóo González, Claudio; Gómez Barroso, José Luis
La privacidad es un fenómeno social cuya descripción no ha recibido la atención que merece dada la creciente revelación y uso de información personal en relaciones privadas y públicas. A partir de una encuesta completada por 1.650 individuos, este artículo investiga las variables que definen a quienes muestran una mayor preocupación por la privacidad en internet y a aquellos que siguen unos hábitos que permiten un mejor control de los datos que ceden. Tener antecedentes de problemas con la seguridad o de irritación por la invasión de la esfera privada es en ambos casos la variable más significativa. Está acompañada por otros factores relacionados con la actividad en internet y experiencia en su uso; las variables socioeconómicas o demográficas juegan un papel secundario.
An assessment of estimation models and investment gaps for the deployment of high-speed broadband networks in NUTS3 regions to meet the objectives of the European Gigabit Society
(Elsevier, 2021-07) Ferrandis, Jesús; Ramos Villaverde, Sergio; Feijóo, Claudio
This paper analyses the deployment of high-speed broadband networks in the European Union (EU). Its aim is to assess the investment required to meet the targets set by the European Commission (EC) for 2025, within the framework of the European Gigabit Society (EGS). This plan aims to ensure the availability and take-up of very high-capacity fixed and wireless networks, in both urban and rural areas, among households and the main socio-economic drivers. The estimation model presented here uses a methodology supported by data at the local (NUTS3) level to give a bottom-up estimation of the investment gap for each of the EGS objectives, using three different scenarios depending on the mix of wired and wireless technologies offered. The methodology and estimation model used in the paper are examined against other examples and assumptions available in the literature. We also offer a dynamic perspective on the analysis of the evolution of this investment gap over the years 2017–2019, which includes an assessment of the usefulness of these estimation models. The paper concludes by identifying the need for new measures to attract investment from public and private sources, mostly in rural areas, since purely market-driven initiatives fall short by about two-thirds of the required total investment. We also highlight how estimation models, despite their apparent complexity and number of assumptions, have a proven capacity to provide sufficiently accurate figures to guide policy action at the local, regional, national and supra-national levels. The usefulness of these estimation models could be enhanced by the availability of homogeneous and stable information on socio-demographics and on the level of coverage and take-up of broadband networks, at least at NUTS3 level.
De pasquines y libelos: delitos de anonimato en la Castilla del siglo XVIII
Hernández Benítez, Mauro
A la estela del artículo de E.P. Thompson, “El delito de anonimato”, el presente texto explora la materialidad y el contexto de una serie de pasquines amenazantes ligados a tumultos en la Castilla del siglo XVIII. La indagación muestra cómo en su mayoría iban dirigidos contra las autoridades locales, en muchos casos denunciando las políticas de subsistencias y la corrupción municipal. no obstante, el principal hallazgo tiene que ver con la autoría de estos escritos, que a diferencia de lo que sostenía Thompson, y basándonos en indicios fragmentarios pero coincidentes, lleva a cuestionar la autoría “plebeya” de estos pasquines. Para terminar, se analiza la función de estos escritos anónimos en el contexto de la protesta popular, ligándolos a un proceso de “politización” de las clases populares. Following the steps of 1975 E.P. Thompson’s “Crime of anonymity”, this article explores the materiality and context of manuscript threatening leaflets (pasquines) and anonymous letters that appeared linked to episodes of riots in eighteenth-century Castile. The research shows that most of them were directed against local authorities, and a large portion denounced foodstuff’s policies and municipal corruption. The main issues at stake, however, has to do with authorship of this peculiar pieces of archival documentation; departing from Thompson’s assumptions, we question ‘plebeian’ authorship based on indirect but converging evidence. Finally, the function of these anonymous writing within popular revolt is analyzed, linking them to a process of ‘politization’ of popular classes.
The determinants of world wheat trade, 1963-2010: A gravity equation approach
(Sociedad Española de Historia Agraria, SEHA, 2021-04) González Esteban, Ángel Luis
The international configuration of the world wheat trade has undergone significant transformations over the past fifty years. The volume of total wheat trade has Increased fivefold, new exporting leaders have appeared and a large import market has emerged in less developed countries.The aim of this paper is to identify the main drivers of those changing patterns. For that purpose, we estimated a gravity equation based on data for bilateral trade flows. Information on the wheat trade was obtained from the UN-COMTRADE database (2014).We also accessed other sources to include explanatory variables such as gross domestic product (GDP) of the exporting and importing countries, GDP per capita, wheat production, different measures of cultural distance and proximity, current trade agreements, etc.The results are discussed and interpreted using a cliometric approach.
Did parental care in early life affect height? Evidence from rural Spain (19th-20th centuries)
(Elsevier, 2021-10) Marco Gracia, Francisco J.; González Esteban, Ángel Luis; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8150-9823
This article examines the relationship between childhood mortality experienced within families and the height of surviving male children. Sibling mortality, controlled by different socioeconomic and environmental variables, is used as an approximation of the hygienic and epidemiological context and practices within the family. The analysis is based on a sample of 2783 individuals born between 1835 and 1977 in 14 villages in north-eastern Spain. The mortality data were obtained from the parish archives of the reference villages, and the height data from military service records of conscriptions at 21 years of age. The data were linked according to nominative criteria using family reconstitution methods. The results suggest the existence of a strong negative relationship between height and the childhood mortality experienced within families. Children born in families in which 50% of the children died before the age of five were up to 2.3 cm shorter than those of families with childhood mortality of less than 25%. General socioeconomic, hygienic and health improvements reduced childhood mortality, causing this link to gradually disappear between the 1940s and 1970s.
Digital transformation, blockchain, and the music industry: A review from the perspective of performers’ collective management organizations
(Elsevier, 2024-09) Arenal, Alberto; Armuña, Cristina; Ramos Villaverde, Sergio; Feijoo, Claudio; Aguado, Juan Miguel
This study examines the challenges related to the music industry's digital transformation and potential role of blockchain from the perspective of collective management organizations (CMOs). Building on desk research and primary data from semi-structured surveys conducted with C-level executives and managers, this empirical analysis identifies major projects, their state of development, and prospects for digital transformation based on blockchain in the music industry. The findings reveal that there are a limited number of blockchain projects led by and/or with the relevant participation of CMOs. However, most are just research projects, proofs of concept, or pilots, showing that blockchain is currently in an experimental phase of development on the periphery of the music industry's digital transformation. This is not very different from analysts' understanding of the current situation and perspectives on the mass adoption of blockchain in other industries. In summary, blockchain is neither at the core of the music industry's digital transformation nor a priority for CMOs leading this process from the perspective of intellectual property rights management. The limited quality of music metadata, sparsity of sound data sources, and absence of a common data governance framework among different stakeholders within the industry are the main impediments to transforming blockchain into a global solution with transformative potential. Overall, the results provide a snapshot of the current status and possible future trajectories of blockchain adoption as a paradigm for intellectual property rights exchange within the music industry.
Economic complexity and Information Society paradigms: a hybrid contribution to explain economic growth
(Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2022) Jurado González, Javier; Gómez Barroso, José Luis
In the last decades, the Information Society (IS) paradigm has brought together various research lines related to the diffusion and adoption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and their contribution to economic, social and human development. On the other hand, other research lines have recently explored the phenomenon of Economic Complexity (EC), providing new metrics to quantify this decisive factor for the prediction of economic growth and other human relevant variables. This article explores these two trends with the construction of two composite indexes. Then, it evaluates their explanatory power to predict economic growth, first separately, and afterwards together. The results show they can predict economic growth and improve their predictive capacity by working combined. In the conclusions, some difficulties and challenges for the development of these metrics are analyzed
The End of the Wheat Problem? The Functioning and Evolution of the World Wheat Market, 1939-2010
(Asociación Española de Historia Económica, 2023-02-01) González Esteban, Ángel Luis
The outlook for the world wheat economy immediately before the Second World War was not very encouraging. Trade and prices had plummeted during the 1930s and many interventionist measures had been under-taken worldwide in order to deal with the so called “wheat problem”. However, the world wheat trade in 2010 was almost ten times greater than it was in the postwar years and the signs of market disintegration had disappeared. This paper analyses the reasons behind the extraordinary expansion of the world wheat trade between 1939 and 2010, explores the main changes in the distribution of wheat exchanges and offers an informed explanation of those transformations. The discussion focuses on supply and demand variables, including institutional variables such as national agricultural policies, international agreements and the changing international context.
Enlarging of the Sample to Address Multicollinearity
(Springer, 2025-04-16) Salmerón-Gómez, Román; García-García, Catalina Beatriz; Rodríguez Sánchez, Ainara
This paper analyzes the impact of sample enlargement on the mitigation of collinearity, concluding that it may mitigate the consequences of collinearity related to statistical analysis but not necessarily the numerical instability. This issue is important in teaching social sciences as it relates to one widely accepted solution for addressing multicollinearity. For a better understanding and illustration of the contribution made by this paper, two empirical examples and two simulations are presented and not highly technical developments are used.
Entrepreneurship policy agenda in the European Union: A text mining perspective
(Wiley, 2021-04-08) Arenal, Alberto; Feijoo, Claudio; Moreno, Ana; Ramos Villaverde, Sergio; Armuña, Cristina
This study analyzes the learning curve in the emergence and development of an entrepreneurship policy in the European Union (EU) during the period 1990–2016 by identifying the key topics in the policy agenda setting and their evolution over time within a corpus of 576 selected policy-making documents. To this end, the study uses a combination of text mining techniques, cluster analysis, and qualitative assessment, which illustrate the possibilities of these tools to learn about the evolution of the policy cycle in a particular domain. The results from the analysis display three main stages, each of which have two substages. During the initial period, which lasted up until the late 1990s, labelled (i) latent EU entrepreneurship policy, there were hardly any specific entrepreneurship policy initiatives and only some general enterprise-fostering policies at the EU level which included, tangentially, SMEs and entrepreneurs. In the (ii) emergent EU entrepreneurship policy stage, which can be traced from the late 1990s to the early 2010s, saw the initial steps of an entrepreneurship policy with a main focus on diagnosis of the entrepreneurial ecosystem and some measures of support, mainly to SMEs. The third and last period to date, which began in the 2010s is a (iii) new normal for EU entrepreneurship policy, which is a more targeted stage aimed at promoting not only the quantity but also quality of business ventures. Overall, this study provides a complete overview of the EU entrepreneurship policy evolution and concludes with a granular proposal for its continued development, while identifying main themes and foundational concepts, establishing patterns, and finding temporal and contextual relations within the EU policy cycle.
Experiments on personal information disclosure: past and future avenues
(Elsevier, 2018) Gómez Barroso, José Luis
When it comes to understanding the behavior of people when deciding whether to disclose personal information, just anecdotal evidence clearly suggests the need for experimental approaches. In spite of this, in the about fifteen years since the research on online privacy behavior emerged as a distinct field of scientific enquiry, experiments are but a few when compared to surveys and theoretical approaches, even adopting a broad definition of experiment. This article reviews all the experiments already done in the area and it also proposes a research agenda. Experimental techniques not only guide the building of descriptive theories but also serve to demonstrate or prove the adequacy of assumptions present in normative theory.
Feel free to use my personal data: an experiment on disclosure behavior when shopping online
(Emerald, 2021) Gómez Barroso, José Luis
Purpose: The goal of the article is twofold: to determine the effectiveness of monetary incentives for disclosing personal information, and to confirm the existence of a bite the bullet effect whereby people more easily accept providing personal data if they become aware of the requirement when the purchasing decision is almost taken. Design/methodology/approach: An experiment in which participants made a real purchase on the AliExpress marketplace was carried out. They were asked to login either via the Facebook button or by creating a username and password. A different reimbursement of the price paid for their purchase was offered in each case. This information was presented either at the beginning of the purchasing process or just before completing the purchase order. Findings: The monetary incentive proved to work well. The bite the bullet effect could not be assessed because many participants willingly gave their data to the company even if they had decided not to buy anything. Social implications: While people continue to publicly declare that they have privacy concerns, their behavior could not be further removed from such concerns. Practical implications: From a managerial perspective, this is good news. This is a calamity from a policy perspective. More experiments carried out in real settings are needed as a first step for reconsidering public action. Originality/value: Experiment in a completely real setting, in which participants made a purchase using their own credit card.
From stand-up to start-up: exploring entrepreneurship competences and STEM women’s intention
(Springer Nature, 2020-01-04) Armuña, Cristina; Ramos Villaverde, Sergio; Juan, Jesús; Feijoo, Claudio; Arenal, Alberto
This study seeks to explore the relationship between entrepreneurship competencies and intention (EI) of a sample of potential STEM entrepreneurs in order to assess the conventional assumption on women exhibiting lower rates of entrepreneurship intention than men and that the lack of competence perceived is a higher barrier to be an entrepreneur for them. The model used for the analysis takes as reference the Entrepreneurship Competences Framework (EntreComp) proposed by the European Commission (EC) as a common guide to inspire entrepreneurship education. Data gathering is based on a structured questionnaire. The conducted analysis uses Student’s t test means comparison and factor analysis to define the model of competences, and a multiple regression model to study the relationship between competences and skill factors in EI. Findings do not validate the hypothesis that women have fewer entrepreneurship intentions than men. Also, slight differences on the self-perceived competences are obtained by gender. In addition, the study confirms the hypothesis of a positive relationship between competences and EI, but here gender is not a moderating factor. Results are expected to contribute to the entrepreneurship competences debate and provide useful insights of application in entrepreneurship education with orientation towards the business creation.
Giants with feet of clay: the sustainability of the business models in music streaming services
(EPI SCP, 2022-09-24) Arenal, Alberto; Armuña, Cristina; Ramos Villaverde, Sergio; Feijoo, Claudio; Aguado, Juan Miguel
This paper examines the sustainability of the recorded music industry from the perspective of music performers. Music streaming platforms, or digital music service providers (DMSPs), have changed the recorded music industry paradigm since the middle of the 2010s. Business models for performers have evolved from royalty agreements based on sales to more complex remuneration systems based on revenues from a combination of (ad-based) free and paid subscriptions. Previous research has mainly focused on the examination of the business models of streaming services from the point of view of the innovation players (digital platforms) and/or the traditional dominant intermediaries (record labels and publishers). However, not all innovation-driven transformations are sustainable. In this paper, we argue that the sustainability of the main business models in the music industry demands the consideration of the performers´ perspective. We combine a qualitative approach with primary and secondary data sources to investigate the sustainability of existing trends of business models and business practices for different categories of performers, including both monetary values and a description of how revenues are shared. We conclude that DMSPs foster an asymmetric value chain in which the creative players barely capture value while technology-based innovations increase the capability of DMSPs to generate and capture value. Finally, we outline some alternative business models looking for the long-term sustainability of the digital music marketplace.
Height, Nutritional and Economic Inequality in Central Spain, 1837–1936
(MDPI, 2022) García Montero, Héctor
This article analyzes the evolution of inequality in mean male height in central Spain considering the generations born from 1837 to 1915, measured in the drafts from 1858 to 1936 (n = 53,503). Mean adult height reflects a crude indicator of net nutritional status, a proxy for currently known measures of stunting and wasting. The results reveal a cycle of stagnation and decline in average height at the age of 21 for those born from the 1850s to the 1870s and a subsequent positive secular trend to exceed baseline levels. The coefficient of variation shows how inequality in height followed an opposite pattern, with an increase in the mid-nineteenth century and a subsequent decline, with an overall decline. The great migratory wave towards Latin America (1880–1930) barely affected the area studied here. The available evidence on the occupations and educational level of the recruits reveals a ranking in average height related to family background and personal income, educational level and literacy, propinquity to food and ownership and/or management of land. Therefore, socioeconomic status largely predicted adult height in Spanish men during the period. Reducing absolute poverty and increasing access to education remain cornerstones to reducing malnutrition, even in the current world.
Innovation ecosystems theory revisited: The case of artificial intelligence in China
(Elsevier, 2020-04-20) Arenal, Alberto; Armuña, Cristina; Feijoo, Claudio; Ramos Villaverde, Sergio; Xu, Zimu; Moreno, Ana
Beyond the mainstream discussion on the key role of China in the global AI landscape, the knowledge about the real performance and future perspectives of the AI ecosystem in China is still limited. This paper evaluates the status and prospects of China's AI innovation ecosystem by developing a Triple Helix framework particularized for this case. Based on an in-depth qualitative study and on interviews with experts, the analysis section summarizes the way in which the AI innovation ecosystem in China is being built, which are the key features of the three spheres of the Triple Helix -governments, industry and academic/research institutions-as well as the dynamic context of the ecosystem through the identification of main aspects related to the flows of skills, knowledge and funding and the interactions among them. Using this approach, the discussion section illustrates the specificities of the AI innovation ecosystem in China, its strengths and its gaps, and which are its prospects. Overall, this revisited ecosystem approach permits the authors to address the complexity of emerging environments of innovation to draw meaningful conclusions which are not possible with mere observation. The results show how a favourable context, the broad adoption rate and the competition for talent and capital among regional-specialized clusters are boosting the advance of AI in China, mainly in the business to customer arena. Finally, the paper highlights the challenges ahead in the current implementation of the ecosystem that will largely determine the potential global leadership of China in this domain.

Examinar

Examinando Artículos y papers por Departamento "Economía Aplicada e Historia Económica"

Resultados por página

Opciones de ordenación