Capítulos

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The Acquisition of Clitic-Doubling in Spanish
(Springer Nature, 2000) Torrens, Vicenç; Wexler, Kenneth
The acquisition of the functional category of Inflection in Spanish and Catalan
(MIT, 1995) Torrens, Vicenç
Activity-Based Anorexia and Food Schedule Induction
(Springer, 2018-05-30) Labajos López, María José; Pellón Suárez de Puga, Ricardo; Preedy, Victor; Patel, Vinood B.; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2074-6566
The term activity-based anorexia refers to the animal model of anorexia nervosa in humans, by which laboratory rats lose weight rapidly and progressively when submitted to a food access regime of 1 h a day and free access to an activity wheel the remainder of the time. This combination of diet and exercise eventually leads the animals into a process of self-starvation that can end up in their death, a reason by which activity-based anorexia is considered analogous of anorexia nervosa in humans, a disease that combines self-imposed food restriction with an excessive increase in physical activity. The best-studied example of schedule-induced behavior is the excessive ingestion of water in animals that are food deprived and for whom the food episodes occur intermittently. Schedule-induced polydipsia is characterized by the consumption of water around the feeding episodes, similarly to what is seen with activity in the phenomenon of activity-based anorexia. The study presented supports the relationship between both phenomena, so that the initial development of excessive drinking facilitates the subsequent development of wheel running. It is suggested that the imposition of very strict feeding episodes could play an important role during the initial stages of the development of anorexia, facilitating the development of hyperactivity that could end up interfering with food ingestion. Prevention for the development of anorexia should focus on a more efficient control of food regimes rather than limiting physical exercise. The adequate scheduling of feeding episodes should reduce hyperactivity, as it follows from its conception as induced behavior.
La anorexia nerviosa vista desde los modelos de conducta animal
(Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 2023-12-14) Paz Regidor, Ana María de; Pellón Suárez de Puga, Ricardo
El modelo de anorexia basada en actividad (ABA) es una herramienta privilegiada investigación de la anorexia nerviosa (AN) con un análogo animal de laboratorio. A raíz del auge de las neurociencias, su utilización como herramienta para tratar de esclarecer los posibles factores desencadenantes y de susceptibilidad del trastorno, se ha extendido profusamente hacia áreas biomédicas, trasladando el nivel de explicación a los mecanismos fisiológicos y neurobiológicos involucrados en el proceso. Sin embargo, esto no se ha traducido en un consenso generalizado sobre las causas de la AN, ni en los enfoques terapéuticos y farmacológicos más efectivos para su tratamiento. Quizás sea prudente ahora dar un paso atrás y reflexionar sobre la propia validez y pertinencia del modelo, preguntándose qué es lo que modeliza. En esta suerte de vuelta a los orígenes, se pone el foco en la manipulación de la entrega de comida, el acceso a la actividad y las condiciones del ambiente externo e interno de los animales. Se revitaliza igualmente el enfoque teórico que destaca la funcionalidad de las conductas observadas en ABA en el marco amplio de las conductas inducidas por la ocurrencia intermitente de eventos reforzantes.
Behavioral Health
(Cambridge University Press, 2019) Santacreu, Marta; Rodríguez, Marcos Alonso; Molina, María de los Ángeles
The present chapter explores the effect of behavior on reaching a successful aging. The chapter begins exploring the main protective factors that determine a healthy life style. Then, main models of behavioral change are outlined with special emphasis to the empirical support obtained by each of them and detailing a specific example of a behavioural change program carried out in older people. The chapter continues analysing the relationship between personality (i.e. conscientiousness) and behavioural change, giving a special dedication to the role played by conscientiousness. Finally the chapter explores the role of education as an important determinant for successful aging.
Code-switching and the brain
(Cambridge University Press, 2009) Kutas, Marta; Wicha, Nicole; Moreno Bella, Eva
La evaluación en neuropsicología forense
(Sanz y Torres, 2020) Domínguez Sánchez, Francisco Javier
Lifelong Learning and Quality of Life
(Springer Nature, 2021-04-13) Molina, María de los Ángeles; Schettini, Rocío
The aim of this chapter is to review the lifelong learning concept and its contribution to improve the quality of life as people age. This review of the association between lifelong learning and quality of life is addressed from a double objective: firstly, an overview of different definitions of lifelong learning adopted by different international organizations is presented. Secondly, an approach to the scientific evidence of the association between lifelong learning and quality of life and active aging is made. As WHO and some authors pointed out, lifelong learning would be considered a chance to improve personal well-being. So the WHO model of active ageing as the opportunity to optimize health, participation and security has been complemented with the inclusion of lifelong learning, aiming to improve the quality of life of people who age. Conversely, this perspective of lifelong learning goes beyond the economistic view posited by other authors, in which learning is only a tool to increase productivity and labour force. In regards to scientific evidence of lifelong learning benefits, it should be noticed that, contrary to the economistic perspective in which lifelong learning would be measured in terms of efficiency at job, there is not an objective and accepted measure of the effectiveness of the programmes based on lifelong learning from a personal view. Starting from the idea that lifelong learning is not a scientific concept, but ones including any formal or informal learning activity, it is so difficult to make comparisons between interventions as well as evaluate its effects in active ageing and quality of life. However, the few programmes that include an assessment of the active ageing domains or quality of life components have demonstrated their effectiveness. In conclusion, more scientific evidence is necessary to explore, both the classification of activities and programmes derived from the lifelong learning policies, and the evaluation of them, with the purpose of proving its relation with active ageing and quality of life improvement.
Psicobiología de la Meditación
(Paraninfo, 2018) Segovia Vázquez, S.; Rodríguez Zafra, Mónica
Real-Time Measures of the Multilingual Brain
(Wiley, 2019-02-19) Wicha, Nicole; Carrasco Ortíz, Haydée; Moreno Bella, Eva
This chapter discusses how the electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) methods have been used to study the multilingual brain. It introduces the methods, the physiological basis of the data obtained from them, and the advantages and disadvantages of the methods compared to each other and to other neuroimaging techniques. The chapter briefly presents how these techniques have been used to address questions about the multilingual brain. The most common way of analysing continuously recorded language-related EEG and MEG data is to extract event-related potentials (ERPs) or event-related fields (ERFs), respectively. In a neurocognitive framework, the mastery of a second language is thought to involve the ability not only to represent linguistic knowledge, but also to process linguistic input in a native-like manner. The chapter briefly presents a sample of studies that have measured the brain signatures for language switching, first in production then during written sentence comprehension, in bilinguals and professional simultaneous interpreters.
Relevancia de los factores psicológicos en los modelos de envejecimiento: una revisión sistemática
(Tirant lo Blanch, 2021-03-03) Nieto Nieves, Ana Elsa; Fernández Fernández, Virginia; Molina Martínez, Mª Ángeles
En este capítulo se plantea una revisión sobre el estado de la cuestión de los modelos de envejecimiento activo (EA) definidos por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). El estudio planteado pretende cuestionar cómo, a pesar de los numerosos trabajos cuyo objetivo es indagar en el concepto de envejecimiento activo, son escasos los que han llevado a cabo modelos empíricos que los contrasten. Se pretende, además, analizar en qué medida las variables psicológicas están presentes en tales modelos y de ellas, examinar el tipo de variables analizadas, en función de las propuestas por Faber (ILC-BR 2015) y por la reformulación de la OMS (WHO 2015) de envejecimiento saludable. Se ha realizado una búsqueda sistematizada de referencias bibliográ!cas entre los años 1995 y 2015 tanto en inglés como en español, con términos de búsqueda en las distintas de!niciones de envejecimiento (envejecimiento/vejez activo/a, envejecimiento/ vejez saludable, envejecimiento/vejez productivo/a, envejecimiento/vejez con éxito, active ag(e)ing, healthy ag(e)ing, productive ag(e)ing, successful ag(e)ing. Entre los resultados obtenidos cabe destacar que solo trece registros contrastan un modelo empírico de envejecimiento activo. La mayor parte de las variables psicológicas analizadas en tales modelos procede de un marco teórico del estudio del bienestar hedónico, dejando fuera, en mayor medida, variables psicológicas eudaimónicas. De los resultados obtenidos, se plantea la necesidad de realizar mayor número de estudios que contrasten de forma empírica modelos de envejecimiento activo, y que, en su definición, incorporen un mayor número de factores psicológicos, tales como el funcionamiento emocional o aspectos relacionados con el bienestar eudaimónico.

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