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Roca Outeiro, María

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    Long-term saturated fat-enriched diets impair hippocampal learning and memory processes in a sex-dependent manner
    (ELSEVIER, 2024-11-15) Sanz Martos, Ana Belén; Roca Outeiro, María; Plaza, Adrián; Merino, Beatriz; Ruiz Gayo, Mariano; Olmo Izquierdo, Nuria Del; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5316-5090; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2186-070X; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2805-5076; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5611-4152
    Consumption of saturated fat-enriched diets during adolescence has been closely associated with the reduction of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and the impairment of cognitive function. Nevertheless, the effect of long-term intake of these foods has not yet been studied. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of a treatment, lasting for 40 weeks, with a diet enriched in saturated fat (SOLF) on i) spatial learning and memory, ii) hippocampal synaptic transmission and plasticity, and iii) hippocampal gene expression levels in aged male and female mice. Our findings reveal that SOLF has a detrimental impact on spatial memory and synaptic plasticity mechanisms, such as long-term potentiation (LTP), and downregulates Gria1 expression specifically in males. In females, SOLF downregulates the gene expression of Gria1/2/3 and Grin1/2A/2B glutamate receptor subunits as well as some proinflammatory interleukins. These findings highlight the importance of considering sex-specific factors when assessing the long-term effects of high-fat diets on cognition and brain plasticity.
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    Tributyrin reverses the deleterious effect of saturated fat on working memory and synaptic plasticity in juvenile mice: differential effects in males and females
    (ELSEVIER, 2024) Sanz Martos, Ana Belén; Roca Outeiro, María; Ruiz Gayo, Mariano; Olmo Izquierdo, Nuria Del; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2805-5076; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5611-4152
    Short-chain fatty acids, such as butyric acid, derived from the intestinal fermentation of dietary fiber, have been proposed as a treatment for certain pathologies of the central nervous system. Our research group has shown that tributyrin (TB), a butyric acid prodrug, reverses deficits in spatial memory and modulates hippocampal synaptic plasticity. In the present work, diets enriched in either saturated (SOLF; Saturated OiL-enriched Food) or unsaturated (UOLF; Unsaturated OiL-enriched Food) fat were supplied during either 2 h or 8 weeks to 5-week-old male and female mice undergoing a treatment schedule with TB. After the dietary treatment, spatial learning and memory (SLM) was assessed in both the Y-maze and the eight-arm radial maze (RAM). Hippocampal expression of genes involved in glutamatergic transmission as well as synaptic plasticity (long-term potentiation -LTP- and long-term depression -LTD-) were also analyzed. Our results show that 2 h of SOLF intake impaired LTP as well as the performance in the Y-Maze in juvenile male mice whereas no effect was found in females. Moreover, TB reversed both effects in SLM and LTP in males. In the case of chronic intake, both SOLF and UOLF deteriorated SLM measured in the RAM in both sexes whereas TB only reversed LTP impairment induced by SOLF in male mice. These results suggest that TB may have a potentially beneficial influence on learning and memory processes, contingent upon the type of diet and the sex of the individuals.