Persona: Montoro Martínez, Pedro Raúl
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Montoro Martínez
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Pedro Raúl
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Publicación Organización perceptiva y atención : efectos del procesamiento preatencional sobre el funcionamiento de la atención selectiva(Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España). Facultad de Psicología. Departamento de Psicología Básica I, 2008-11-21) Montoro Martínez, Pedro Raúl; Luna Blanco, María DoloresEl presente trabajo presenta una nueva tarea experimental diseñada para estudiar el procesamiento visual preatencional de patrones visuales generados por agrupamiento perceptivo así como su influencia sobre los mecanismos de atención selectiva.Publicación A developmental study of the bat/ball problem of CRT: How to override the bias and its relation to executive functioning(The British Psychological Society, 2019-04-16) Corral, Antonio; Carriedo, Nuria; Montoro Martínez, Pedro Raúl; Herrero, LauraIn two experiments, we explored the nature of the bias observed in the bat/ball problem of the cognitive reflection test (Frederick, 2005, J. Econ. Perspect., 19, 25), how to override it, and its relation to executive functioning. Based on the original bat/ball problem, we designed two additional isomorphic items. In Experiment 1, for four age groups, including 7-, 11-, and 15-year-olds and adults, we determined that the bias is related to the System 1 intervention; the performance in this item was not a matter of mathematical ability and it could be facilitated by changing the order in which the problems were presented. In Experiment 2, we determined that for 15-year-olds, good and bad performances in the item were related to executive functioning, particularly response-distractor inhibition, updating information in working memory, and the regulation of attention; however, subtle differences were identified when the problem was performed in a facilitative context compared with a non-facilitative context. The results indicated that cognitive abilities are a necessary but non-sufficient condition to resolve the problem.Publicación Memory and metamemory in everyday settings: Assessing recall, recognition, and naming using car brand logos(Wiley, 2024-01-01) Mayas Arellano, Julia; Prieto Lara, Antonio; Montoro Martínez, Pedro RaúlPrevious research on incidental memory in everyday settings has shown that frequent exposure to stimuli does not guarantee accurate representation in memory. In two studies, we explored the memory and metamemory of car brand logos using recall (drawing) and recognition tasks (Study 1) or a naming task (Study 2). The results showed that memory accuracy for logos was modest in the recall and recognition tasks; nevertheless, the participants' accuracy in naming the visually displayed car logos was almost perfect. The participants showed overconfidence in their ability to recall and recognize car logos prior to their performance, which was adjusted after completing the recall task. Overconfidence was absent in the naming tasks. These results replicate the modest visual memory and metacognitive adjustments in recall and recognition tasks found in previous studies and contrast with participants' better memory performance and metacognitive adjustments in the naming task.Publicación Consciousness Under the Spotlight: The Problem of Measuring Subjective Experience(Wiley, 2024-10-24) Jiménez. Mikel; Prieto Lara, Antonio; Hinojosa, José Antonio; Montoro Martínez, Pedro Raúl; Mohamad El HajThe study of consciousness is considered by many one of the most difficult contemporary scientific endeavors and confronts several methodological and theoretical challenges. A central issue that makes the study of consciousness so challenging is that, while the rest of science is concerned with problems that can be verified from a “third person” view (i.e., objectively), the study of consciousness deals with the phenomenon of subjective experience, only accessible from a “first person” view. In the present article, we review early (starting during the late 19th century) and later efforts on measuring consciousness and its absence, focusing on the two main approaches used by researchers within the field: objective (i.e., performance based) and subjective (i.e., report based) measures of awareness. In addition, we compare the advantages and disadvantages of both types of awareness measures, evaluate them according to different methodological considerations, and discuss, among other issues, the possibility of comparing them by transforming them to a common sensitivity measure (d′). Finally, we explore several new approaches—such as Bayesian models to support the absence of awareness or new machine-learning based decoding models—as well as future challenges—such as measuring the qualia, the qualitative contents of awareness—in consciousness research.Publicación Masked priming under the Bayesian microscope: Exploring the integration of local elements into global shape through Bayesian model comparison(Elsevier, 2023-10) Jiménez, Mikel; Prieto Lara, Antonio; Gómez, Pablo; Hinojosa, José Antonio; Montoro Martínez, Pedro RaúlTo investigate whether local elements are grouped into global shapes in the absence of awareness, we introduced two different masked priming designs (e.g., the classic dissociation paradigm and a trial-wise probe and prime discrimination task) and collected both objective (i.e., performance based) and subjective (using the perceptual awareness scale [PAS]) awareness measures. Prime visibility was manipulated using three different prime-mask stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) and an unmasked condition. Our results showed that assessing prime visibility trial-wise heavily interfered with masked priming preventing any prime facilitation effect. The implementation of Bayesian regression models, which predict priming effects for participants whose awareness levels are at chance level, provided strong evidence in favor of the hypothesis that local elements group into global shape in the absence of awareness for SOAs longer than 50 ms, suggesting that prime-mask SOA is a crucial factor in the processing of the global shape without awareness.