Persona: Planello Carro, María del Rosario
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Publicación Genotoxic effects and transcriptional deregulation of genetic biomarkers in Chironomus riparius larvae exposed to hydroxyl- and amine-terminated generation 3 (G3) polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers(Elsevier, 2021-06-20) Planello Carro, María del Rosario; Rosal, Roberto; Aquilino Amez, Mónica; Herrero Felipe, ÓscarPublicación Exposure to heavy metal-contaminated sediments disrupts gene expression, lipid profile, and life history traits in the midge Chironomus riparius(ELSEVIER, 2020) Arambourou, Hélène; Llorente Ortega, Lola; Moreno Ocio, Iñigo; Herrero Felipe, Óscar; Barata, Carlos; Fuertes, Inmaculada; Delorme, Nicolas; Méndez Fernández, Leire; Planello Carro, María del Rosario; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0590-9072; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1716-6889; https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9185-5105; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0724-3801Despite the concern about anthropogenic heavy metal accumulation, there remain few multi-level ecotoxicological studies to evaluate their effects in fluvial ecosystems. The toxicity of field-collected sediments exhibiting a gradient of heavy metal contamination (Cd, Pb, and Zn) was assessed in Chironomus riparius. For this purpose, larvae were exposed throughout their entire life cycle to these sediments, and toxic effects were measured at different levels of biological organization, from the molecular (lipidomic analysis and transcriptional profile) to the whole organism response (respiration rate, shape markers, and emergence rate). Alterations in the activity of relevant genes, as well as an increase of storage lipids and decrease in membrane fluidity, were detected in larvae exposed to the most contaminated sediments. Moreover, reduced larval and adult mass, decrease of larval respiration rate, and delayed emergence were observed, along with increased mentum and mandible size in larvae and decreased wing loading in adults. This study points out the deleterious effects of heavy metal exposure at various levels of biological organization and provides some clues regarding the mode of toxic action. This integrative approach provides new insights into the multi-level effects on aquatic insects exposed to heavy metal mixtures in field sediments, providing useful tools for ecological risk assessment in freshwater ecosystems.Publicación Chironomus riparius exposure to field-collected contaminated sediments: From subcellular effect to whole-organism response(ELSEVIER, 2019) Arambourou, Hélène; Planello Carro, María del Rosario; Llorente, Lola; Fuertes, Inmaculada; Barata, Carlos; Delorme, Nicolas; Noury, Patrice; Herrero Felipe, Óscar; Villeneuve, Aurélie; Bonnineau, Chloe; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0590-9072; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1716-6889; https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9185-5105; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6341-003XThe toxicity of three field-collected sediments differentially contaminated with pesticides, heavy metals, phtalates and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), was assessed in Chironomus riparius. For this purpose, C. riparius larvae were exposed throughout their entire life cycle to sediments collected in three sites along the Saulx river in France, and the toxic effects were measured at different levels of biological organization: from the molecular (lipidomic analysis and transcriptional variations) to the whole organism response (respiration rate, shape markers and emergence rate). In the sediment characterized by an intermediate level of contamination with PAHs and phtalates, we detected an increase of the cell stress response and delayed emergence of males. In the group exposed to the most contaminated sediment with PAHs, phtalates and pesticides, genes related to endocrine pathways, cell stress response and biotransformation processes were overexpressed, while female wing shape was affected. Field-collected sediment exposure did not induce significant effects on mentum shape markers or on the lipid profile. The present study provides new insights into the multilevel effects of differentially contaminated sediments in insects. This integrative approach will certainly contribute to improved assessment of the risk that complex mixtures of pollutants pose to the aquatic ecosystem.Publicación Intergenerational Patterns of DNA Methylation in Procambarus clarkii Following Exposure to Genotoxicants: A Conjugation in Past Simple or Past Continuous?(MDPI, 2021) Marçal, Raquel; Llorente Ortega, Lola; Herrero Felipe, Óscar; Planello Carro, María del Rosario; Guilherme, Sofia; Pacheco, Mário; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1716-6889Epigenome is susceptible to modulation by environmental pressures—namely, through alterations in global DNA methylation, impacting the organism condition and, ultimately, reverberating on the phenotype of the subsequent generations. Hence, an intergenerational study was conducted, aiming to clarify the influence of genotoxicants on global DNA methylation of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii. Two subsequent generations were exposed to the herbicide penoxsulam (Px; 23 µg·L−1) and to the genotoxicant model ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS; 5 mg·L−1). Px did not induce changes in DNA methylation of adult crayfish (F0). However, the hypomethylation occurring in unexposed F1 juveniles demonstrated that the history of exposure per se can modulate epigenome. In F1 descendants of the Px-exposed group, methylome (hypermethylated) was more affected in males than in females. EMS-induced hypomethylation in adult females (F0), also showed gender specificity. In addition, hypomethylation was also observed in the unexposed F1 crayfish, indicating an intergenerational epigenetic effect. The modulatory role of past exposure to penoxsulam or to EMS also showed a dependency on the crayfish developmental stage. Overall, this research revealed that indirect experiences (events occurring in a predecessor generation) can have an impact even greater than direct experiences (present events) on the epigenetic dynamics.Publicación How to thrive in unstable environments: Gene expression profile of a riparian earthworm under abiotic stress(ELSEVIER, 2022) De Sosa, Irene; Verdes, Aida; Tilikj, Natasha; Marchán, Daniel F.; Planello Carro, María del Rosario; Herrero Felipe, Óscar; Almodóvar, Ana; Díaz Cosín, Darío; Novo, Marta; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-6375; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9193-9253; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7971-4329; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1465-3857; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7902-3819Nowadays, extreme weather events caused by climate change are becoming more frequent. This leads to the occurrence of extreme habitats to which species must adapt. This challenge becomes crucial for species living in unstable environments, such as the riparian earthworm Eiseniella tetraedra. Its cosmopolitan distribution exposes it to various environmental changes, such as freezing in subarctic regions or droughts in Mediterranean areas. Transcriptional changes under cold and desiccation conditions could therefore shed light on the adaptive mechanisms of this species. An experiment was performed for each condition. In the cold experiment, the temperature was lowered to −14 °C ± 2 °C (compared to 8 °C for control samples), and in the desiccation treatment, humidity was lowered from 60% to 15%. Comparisons of gene expression levels between earthworms under freezing conditions and control earthworms revealed a total of 84 differentially expressed genes and comparisons between the desiccation experiment and the control yielded 163 differentially expressed genes. However, no common responses were found between the two treatments. The results suggest that E. tetraedra can acclimate to low temperatures due to the upregulation of genes involved in glucose accumulation. However, downregulation of the respiratory chain suggests that this earthworm does not tolerate freezing conditions. Under desiccation conditions, genes involved in cell protection from apoptosis and DNA repair were upregulated. In contrast, lipid metabolism was downregulated, presumably to conserve resources by reducing the rate at which they are consumed.Publicación Single and mixed exposure to cadmium and mercury in Drosophila melanogaster: Molecular responses and impact on post-embryonic development(ELSEVIER, 2021) Frat, Laëtitia; Chertemps, Thomas; Pesce, Elise; Bozzolan, Françoise; Dacher, Matthieu; Planello Carro, María del Rosario; Herrero Felipe, Óscar; Llorente, Lola; Moers, Didier; Siaussat, David; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6962-1839; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1716-6889Heavy metals, like many other chemical elements, are naturally present in the environment; however, the concentrations of these metals in various environmental matrices have increased through their intensive use in many human activities (such as industry, mining and agriculture). Among the heavy metals, cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) induce a wide variety of defects in animals. While the effects of these heavy metals have been widely documented, a single exposure paradigm is typically used. Few studies have focused on evaluating combined exposure to these metals. However, in the environment, animals are confronted with a plethora of substances simultaneously; thus, the presence and origin of such substances must be determined to reduce the sources of contamination. Using the model of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, for which many tools are readily available, we investigated how different concentrations of Cd and Hg in single and combined exposures impact post-embryonic development. In parallel, we evaluated the extended expression pattern of 38 molecular targets used as potential biomarkers of exposure through qPCR. Our results showed that both metals caused developmental delays and mortality in dose-dependent responses. Both metals were able to deregulate genes involved in hormonal control, general stress, and oxidative stress. Importantly, we confirmed synergistic interactions between Cd and Hg. Our results indicate the importance of assessing several biomarkers and their kinetics in mixtures. Drosophila represents a useful model for monitoring the toxicity of substances in polluted environments.Publicación Impact of single and combined exposure to priority pollutants on gene expression and post-embryonic development in Drosophila melanogaster(ELSEVIER, 2023) Frat, Laëtitia; Chertemps, Thomas; Pesce, Elise; Bozzolan, Françoise; Dacher, Matthieu; Planello Carro, María del Rosario; Herrero Felipe, Óscar; Llorente Ortega, Lola; Moers, Didier; Siaussat, David; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6962-1839; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8607-2889; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1716-6889Many priority pollutants are concentrated in the environment due to human activity. Most are highly toxic to various organisms, including endocrine disruptors EDCs, aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons PAHs, pesticides. While the effects of single and binary exposure have been widely explored, several pollutants can be simultaneously present at the same time in the environment, in in more or less polluted matrices. Effective pollution control requires the presence and sources of contamination to be identified. Previously we used Drosophila melanogaster to investigate metal pollution. Here, we re-used Drosophila to identify the biomarkers of pollution, and to determine if they can be used for specific types of pollution. Single and combined exposure of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), bisphenol A, nonylphenol, benzo(a)pyrene, and glyphosate was investigated. The impact of these pollutants on post-embryonic development and the expression pattern of 38 molecular targets were examined using qPCR. During single exposure, different profiles were observed at the molecular level. In complex mixtures, the expression profile resembled that of bisphenol A. In contrast, relatively specific gene expression profiles were obtained for the effects of each pollutant separately. While direct pollutant-gene profiling remains difficult in mixtures, molecular biology analyses enhance pollution monitoring, and should be incorporated in toxicological studies.Publicación Developmental/reproductive effects and gene expression variations in Chironomus riparius after exposure to reclaimed water and its fortification with carbamazepine and triclosan(Elsevier, 2020-07) Planello Carro, María del Rosario; Herrero Felipe, Óscar; García, Pilar; Beltrán, Eulalia María; Llorente, Lola; Sánchez Argüello, PalomaThe potential benefits of reclaimed water (RW) uses for environmental enhancement and restoration could become adverse impacts if RW does not meet the quality criteria that ensure wildlife preservation. RW can contain complex mixtures of micropollutants that may accumulate in sediment after environmental uses and affect benthic fauna. Therefore, we designed this study to assess the effects of RW on a sediment insect species used mainly in ecotoxicology (Chironomus riparius). Whole organism effects and gene expression were measured in a water sediment system after spiking RW as overlying water, which was renewed 3 times during the test. Development rate, emergence rate and fecundity were monitored after the 21-day exposure. Endocrine-related genes (EcR, ERR, E75, Vtg), cellular stress genes (hsp70, hsc70, hsp24, hsp10) and biotransformation genes (gp93, GSTd3, GPx, cyp4g) were assessed in larvae after the 10-day exposure. The experimental design also included single or binary fortifications of both test medium and RW, obtained by adding two emerging pollutants: carbamazepine (100 μg/L CBZ) and triclosan (20 μg/L TCS). The chemical characterisation of RW showed that 20 of the 23 screened emerging pollutants fell within the detection limit, 10 exceeded 0.01 μg/L (including CBZ) and three exceeded 0.1 μg/L (hydrochlorothiazide, atenolol, ibuprofen). The analytical measures of sediment (day 21) and overlying water (days 7, 14 and 21) were taken to know the water-sediment distribution of CBZ and TCS added to fortifications. CBZ distributed mainly in overlying water (110–164 μg/L and 73–100 μg/kg), while TCS showed a higher affinity to sediment (2.8–5.1 μg/L and 36–55 μg/kg). RW had significant effects in molecular terms (Vtg, hsp70, hsc70), but had no significant effects on the whole organism. Nevertheless, the single RW fortifications impaired both the development rate and fecundity, while the binary RW fortification impaired only fecundity. The most marked increase in EcR expression was observed for the binary RW fortification. Hsps, GSTd3 and cyp4g showed a similar tendency to that observed for EcR and Vtg in the binary and single RW fortifications. The binary mixture (CBZ and TCS together) in RW was toxic, but not in the medium tests. Therefore, the major concern of RW uses is apparently related to the interactivity between this complex matrix and any other pollutants possibly present in the environment where RW is applied. Our results underscore the need for raising awareness about RW effects, which can be achieved by ecotoxicological testing.Publicación Characterization and expression of heat shock and immune genes in natural populations of Prodiamesa olivacea (Diptera) exposed to thermal stress(ELSEVIER, 2023) Llorente Ortega, Lola; Aquilino Amez, Mónica; Herrero Felipe, Óscar; Peña, Eduardo de la; Planello Carro, María del Rosario; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1716-6889; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6057-6664This paper characterizes the heat stress response (HSR) and explores the impact of temperatures on the immune response of larvae from two chironomid species, Prodiamesa olivacea and Chironomus riparius. Genes involved in crucial metabolic pathways were de novo identified in P. olivacea: Hsp27, Hsp60, Hsp70, Hsc70, Cdc37, and HSF for the heat stress response (HSR) and TOLL, PGRP, C-type lectin, and JAK/hopscotch for the immune system response (ISR). Quantitative real-time PCR was used to evaluate the expression levels of the selected genes in short-term treatments (up to 120') at high temperatures (35 °C and 39 °C). Exposing P. olivacea to elevated temperatures resulted in HSR induction with increased expression of specific heat shock genes, suggesting the potential of HSPs as early indicators of acute thermal stress. Surprisingly, we found that heat shock represses multiple immune genes, revealing the antagonist relation between the heat shock response and the innate immune response in P. olivacea. Our results also showed species-dependent gene responses, with more significant effects in P. olivacea, for most of the biomarkers studied, demonstrating a higher sensitivity in this species to environmental stress conditions than that of C. riparius. This work shows a multi-species approach that enables a deeper understanding of the effects of heat stress at the molecular level in aquatic dipterans.Publicación Unveiling Molecular Effects of the Secondary Metabolite 2-Dodecanone in the Model Hymenopteran Nasonia vitripennis(MDPI, 2024) Planello Carro, María del Rosario; Aquilino Amez, Mónica; Beaugeard, Laureen; Llorente Ortega, Lola; Herrero Felipe, Óscar; Siaussat, David; Lécureuil, Charlotte; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1716-6889; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6548-0370; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7339-9185Over the past decade, multiple studies have suggested that the secondary metabolites produced by plants against herbivorous insects could be used as biopesticides. However, as the molecular mechanism of action of these compounds remains unknown, it is difficult to predict how they would affect non-target insects; thus, their innocuity needs to be clarified. Here, we investigate, from the molecular level to the organism, the responses of a useful parasitic insect Nasonia vitripennis (Walker, 1836) being exposed at the pupae stage for 48 h (up to 6 days) to sublethal doses (5 µg/L and 500 µg/L) of 2-Dodecanone. 2-Dodecanone altered the gene expression of genes related to ecdysone-related pathways, biotransformation, and cell homeostasis. A significant induction of ecdysone response-genes (EcR, usp, E78, Hr4, Hr38) was detected, despite no significant differences in ecdysteroid levels. Regarding the cell homeostasis processes, the gene l(2)efl was differentially altered in both experimental conditions, and a dose-dependent induction of hex81 was observed. 2-Dodecanone also triggered an induction of Cyp6aQ5 activity. Finally, 2-Dodecanone exposure had a significant effect on neither development time, energy reserves, nor egg-laying capacity; no potential genotoxicity was detected. For the first time, this study shows evidence that 2-Dodecanone can modulate gene expression and interfere with the ecdysone signalling pathway in N. vitripennis. This could lead to potential endocrine alterations and highlight the suitability of this organism to improve our general understanding of the molecular effects of plant defences in insects. Our findings provide new insights into the toxicity of 2-Dodecanone that could potentially be explored in other species and under field conditions for plant protection and pest management as a means to reduce reliance on synthetic pesticides.