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Herrero Felipe, Óscar

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0000-0002-1410-368X
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Herrero Felipe
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    Exposure to heavy metal-contaminated sediments disrupts gene expression, lipid profile, and life history traits in the midge Chironomus riparius
    (ELSEVIER, 2020) Arambourou, Hélène; Llorente Ortega, Lola; Moreno Ocio, Iñigo; Herrero Felipe, Óscar; Barata, Carlos; Fuertes, Inmaculada; Delorme, Nicolas; Méndez Fernández, Leire; Planello Carro, María del Rosario; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0590-9072; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1716-6889; https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9185-5105; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0724-3801
    Despite the concern about anthropogenic heavy metal accumulation, there remain few multi-level ecotoxicological studies to evaluate their effects in fluvial ecosystems. The toxicity of field-collected sediments exhibiting a gradient of heavy metal contamination (Cd, Pb, and Zn) was assessed in Chironomus riparius. For this purpose, larvae were exposed throughout their entire life cycle to these sediments, and toxic effects were measured at different levels of biological organization, from the molecular (lipidomic analysis and transcriptional profile) to the whole organism response (respiration rate, shape markers, and emergence rate). Alterations in the activity of relevant genes, as well as an increase of storage lipids and decrease in membrane fluidity, were detected in larvae exposed to the most contaminated sediments. Moreover, reduced larval and adult mass, decrease of larval respiration rate, and delayed emergence were observed, along with increased mentum and mandible size in larvae and decreased wing loading in adults. This study points out the deleterious effects of heavy metal exposure at various levels of biological organization and provides some clues regarding the mode of toxic action. This integrative approach provides new insights into the multi-level effects on aquatic insects exposed to heavy metal mixtures in field sediments, providing useful tools for ecological risk assessment in freshwater ecosystems.
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    Chironomus riparius exposure to field-collected contaminated sediments: From subcellular effect to whole-organism response
    (ELSEVIER, 2019) Arambourou, Hélène; Planello Carro, María del Rosario; Llorente, Lola; Fuertes, Inmaculada; Barata, Carlos; Delorme, Nicolas; Noury, Patrice; Herrero Felipe, Óscar; Villeneuve, Aurélie; Bonnineau, Chloe; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0590-9072; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1716-6889; https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9185-5105; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6341-003X
    The toxicity of three field-collected sediments differentially contaminated with pesticides, heavy metals, phtalates and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), was assessed in Chironomus riparius. For this purpose, C. riparius larvae were exposed throughout their entire life cycle to sediments collected in three sites along the Saulx river in France, and the toxic effects were measured at different levels of biological organization: from the molecular (lipidomic analysis and transcriptional variations) to the whole organism response (respiration rate, shape markers and emergence rate). In the sediment characterized by an intermediate level of contamination with PAHs and phtalates, we detected an increase of the cell stress response and delayed emergence of males. In the group exposed to the most contaminated sediment with PAHs, phtalates and pesticides, genes related to endocrine pathways, cell stress response and biotransformation processes were overexpressed, while female wing shape was affected. Field-collected sediment exposure did not induce significant effects on mentum shape markers or on the lipid profile. The present study provides new insights into the multilevel effects of differentially contaminated sediments in insects. This integrative approach will certainly contribute to improved assessment of the risk that complex mixtures of pollutants pose to the aquatic ecosystem.
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    Intergenerational Patterns of DNA Methylation in Procambarus clarkii Following Exposure to Genotoxicants: A Conjugation in Past Simple or Past Continuous?
    (MDPI, 2021) Marçal, Raquel; Llorente Ortega, Lola; Herrero Felipe, Óscar; Planello Carro, María del Rosario; Guilherme, Sofia; Pacheco, Mário; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1716-6889
    Epigenome is susceptible to modulation by environmental pressures—namely, through alterations in global DNA methylation, impacting the organism condition and, ultimately, reverberating on the phenotype of the subsequent generations. Hence, an intergenerational study was conducted, aiming to clarify the influence of genotoxicants on global DNA methylation of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii. Two subsequent generations were exposed to the herbicide penoxsulam (Px; 23 µg·L−1) and to the genotoxicant model ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS; 5 mg·L−1). Px did not induce changes in DNA methylation of adult crayfish (F0). However, the hypomethylation occurring in unexposed F1 juveniles demonstrated that the history of exposure per se can modulate epigenome. In F1 descendants of the Px-exposed group, methylome (hypermethylated) was more affected in males than in females. EMS-induced hypomethylation in adult females (F0), also showed gender specificity. In addition, hypomethylation was also observed in the unexposed F1 crayfish, indicating an intergenerational epigenetic effect. The modulatory role of past exposure to penoxsulam or to EMS also showed a dependency on the crayfish developmental stage. Overall, this research revealed that indirect experiences (events occurring in a predecessor generation) can have an impact even greater than direct experiences (present events) on the epigenetic dynamics.
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    How to thrive in unstable environments: Gene expression profile of a riparian earthworm under abiotic stress
    (ELSEVIER, 2022) De Sosa, Irene; Verdes, Aida; Tilikj, Natasha; Marchán, Daniel F.; Planello Carro, María del Rosario; Herrero Felipe, Óscar; Almodóvar, Ana; Díaz Cosín, Darío; Novo, Marta; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-6375; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9193-9253; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7971-4329; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1465-3857; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7902-3819
    Nowadays, extreme weather events caused by climate change are becoming more frequent. This leads to the occurrence of extreme habitats to which species must adapt. This challenge becomes crucial for species living in unstable environments, such as the riparian earthworm Eiseniella tetraedra. Its cosmopolitan distribution exposes it to various environmental changes, such as freezing in subarctic regions or droughts in Mediterranean areas. Transcriptional changes under cold and desiccation conditions could therefore shed light on the adaptive mechanisms of this species. An experiment was performed for each condition. In the cold experiment, the temperature was lowered to −14 °C ± 2 °C (compared to 8 °C for control samples), and in the desiccation treatment, humidity was lowered from 60% to 15%. Comparisons of gene expression levels between earthworms under freezing conditions and control earthworms revealed a total of 84 differentially expressed genes and comparisons between the desiccation experiment and the control yielded 163 differentially expressed genes. However, no common responses were found between the two treatments. The results suggest that E. tetraedra can acclimate to low temperatures due to the upregulation of genes involved in glucose accumulation. However, downregulation of the respiratory chain suggests that this earthworm does not tolerate freezing conditions. Under desiccation conditions, genes involved in cell protection from apoptosis and DNA repair were upregulated. In contrast, lipid metabolism was downregulated, presumably to conserve resources by reducing the rate at which they are consumed.
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    Single and mixed exposure to cadmium and mercury in Drosophila melanogaster: Molecular responses and impact on post-embryonic development
    (ELSEVIER, 2021) Frat, Laëtitia; Chertemps, Thomas; Pesce, Elise; Bozzolan, Françoise; Dacher, Matthieu; Planello Carro, María del Rosario; Herrero Felipe, Óscar; Llorente, Lola; Moers, Didier; Siaussat, David; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6962-1839; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1716-6889
    Heavy metals, like many other chemical elements, are naturally present in the environment; however, the concentrations of these metals in various environmental matrices have increased through their intensive use in many human activities (such as industry, mining and agriculture). Among the heavy metals, cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) induce a wide variety of defects in animals. While the effects of these heavy metals have been widely documented, a single exposure paradigm is typically used. Few studies have focused on evaluating combined exposure to these metals. However, in the environment, animals are confronted with a plethora of substances simultaneously; thus, the presence and origin of such substances must be determined to reduce the sources of contamination. Using the model of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, for which many tools are readily available, we investigated how different concentrations of Cd and Hg in single and combined exposures impact post-embryonic development. In parallel, we evaluated the extended expression pattern of 38 molecular targets used as potential biomarkers of exposure through qPCR. Our results showed that both metals caused developmental delays and mortality in dose-dependent responses. Both metals were able to deregulate genes involved in hormonal control, general stress, and oxidative stress. Importantly, we confirmed synergistic interactions between Cd and Hg. Our results indicate the importance of assessing several biomarkers and their kinetics in mixtures. Drosophila represents a useful model for monitoring the toxicity of substances in polluted environments.
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    Impact of single and combined exposure to priority pollutants on gene expression and post-embryonic development in Drosophila melanogaster
    (ELSEVIER, 2023) Frat, Laëtitia; Chertemps, Thomas; Pesce, Elise; Bozzolan, Françoise; Dacher, Matthieu; Planello Carro, María del Rosario; Herrero Felipe, Óscar; Llorente Ortega, Lola; Moers, Didier; Siaussat, David; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6962-1839; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8607-2889; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1716-6889
    Many priority pollutants are concentrated in the environment due to human activity. Most are highly toxic to various organisms, including endocrine disruptors EDCs, aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons PAHs, pesticides. While the effects of single and binary exposure have been widely explored, several pollutants can be simultaneously present at the same time in the environment, in in more or less polluted matrices. Effective pollution control requires the presence and sources of contamination to be identified. Previously we used Drosophila melanogaster to investigate metal pollution. Here, we re-used Drosophila to identify the biomarkers of pollution, and to determine if they can be used for specific types of pollution. Single and combined exposure of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), bisphenol A, nonylphenol, benzo(a)pyrene, and glyphosate was investigated. The impact of these pollutants on post-embryonic development and the expression pattern of 38 molecular targets were examined using qPCR. During single exposure, different profiles were observed at the molecular level. In complex mixtures, the expression profile resembled that of bisphenol A. In contrast, relatively specific gene expression profiles were obtained for the effects of each pollutant separately. While direct pollutant-gene profiling remains difficult in mixtures, molecular biology analyses enhance pollution monitoring, and should be incorporated in toxicological studies.
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    Measuring DNA modifications with the comet assay: a compendium of protocols
    (Nature Research, 2023-01-27) Collins, Andrew; Møller, Peter; Gajsk, Goran; Vodenková, Soňa; Herrero Felipe, Óscar; et al
    The comet assay is a versatile method to detect nuclear DNA damage in individual eukaryotic cells, from yeast to human. The types of damage detected encompass DNA strand breaks and alkali-labile sites (e.g., apurinic/apyrimidinic sites), alkylated and oxidized nucleobases, DNA–DNA crosslinks, UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and some chemically induced DNA adducts. Depending on the specimen type, there are important modifications to the comet assay protocol to avoid the formation of additional DNA damage during the processing of samples and to ensure sufficient sensitivity to detect differences in damage levels between sample groups. Various applications of the comet assay have been validated by research groups in academia, industry and regulatory agencies, and its strengths are highlighted by the adoption of the comet assay as an in vivo test for genotoxicity in animal organs by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The present document includes a series of consensus protocols that describe the application of the comet assay to a wide variety of cell types, species and types of DNA damage, thereby demonstrating its versatility.
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    Exploring BPA alternatives – Environmental levels and toxicity review
    (Elsevier, 2024-07) Adamovsky, Ondrej; Groh, Ksenia J.; Białk-Bielińska, Anna; Escher, Beate I.; Herrero Felipe, Óscar; et al
    Bisphenol A alternatives are manufactured as potentially less harmful substitutes of bisphenol A (BPA) that offer similar functionality. These alternatives are already in the market, entering the environment and thus raising ecological concerns. However, it can be expected that levels of BPA alternatives will dominate in the future, they are limited information on their environmental safety. The EU PARC project highlights BPA alternatives as priority chemicals and consolidates information on BPA alternatives, with a focus on environmental relevance and on the identification of the research gaps. The review highlighted aspects and future perspectives. In brief, an extension of environmental monitoring is crucial, extending it to cover BPA alternatives to track their levels and facilitate the timely implementation of mitigation measures. The biological activity has been studied for BPA alternatives, but in a non-systematic way and prioritized a limited number of chemicals. For several BPA alternatives, the data has already provided substantial evidence regarding their potential harm to the environment. We stress the importance of conducting more comprehensive assessments that go beyond the traditional reproductive studies and focus on overlooked relevant endpoints. Future research should also consider mixture effects, realistic environmental concentrations, and the long-term consequences on biota and ecosystems.
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    Developmental/reproductive effects and gene expression variations in Chironomus riparius after exposure to reclaimed water and its fortification with carbamazepine and triclosan
    (Elsevier, 2020-07) Planello Carro, María del Rosario; Herrero Felipe, Óscar; García, Pilar; Beltrán, Eulalia María; Llorente, Lola; Sánchez Argüello, Paloma
    The potential benefits of reclaimed water (RW) uses for environmental enhancement and restoration could become adverse impacts if RW does not meet the quality criteria that ensure wildlife preservation. RW can contain complex mixtures of micropollutants that may accumulate in sediment after environmental uses and affect benthic fauna. Therefore, we designed this study to assess the effects of RW on a sediment insect species used mainly in ecotoxicology (Chironomus riparius). Whole organism effects and gene expression were measured in a water sediment system after spiking RW as overlying water, which was renewed 3 times during the test. Development rate, emergence rate and fecundity were monitored after the 21-day exposure. Endocrine-related genes (EcR, ERR, E75, Vtg), cellular stress genes (hsp70, hsc70, hsp24, hsp10) and biotransformation genes (gp93, GSTd3, GPx, cyp4g) were assessed in larvae after the 10-day exposure. The experimental design also included single or binary fortifications of both test medium and RW, obtained by adding two emerging pollutants: carbamazepine (100 μg/L CBZ) and triclosan (20 μg/L TCS). The chemical characterisation of RW showed that 20 of the 23 screened emerging pollutants fell within the detection limit, 10 exceeded 0.01 μg/L (including CBZ) and three exceeded 0.1 μg/L (hydrochlorothiazide, atenolol, ibuprofen). The analytical measures of sediment (day 21) and overlying water (days 7, 14 and 21) were taken to know the water-sediment distribution of CBZ and TCS added to fortifications. CBZ distributed mainly in overlying water (110–164 μg/L and 73–100 μg/kg), while TCS showed a higher affinity to sediment (2.8–5.1 μg/L and 36–55 μg/kg). RW had significant effects in molecular terms (Vtg, hsp70, hsc70), but had no significant effects on the whole organism. Nevertheless, the single RW fortifications impaired both the development rate and fecundity, while the binary RW fortification impaired only fecundity. The most marked increase in EcR expression was observed for the binary RW fortification. Hsps, GSTd3 and cyp4g showed a similar tendency to that observed for EcR and Vtg in the binary and single RW fortifications. The binary mixture (CBZ and TCS together) in RW was toxic, but not in the medium tests. Therefore, the major concern of RW uses is apparently related to the interactivity between this complex matrix and any other pollutants possibly present in the environment where RW is applied. Our results underscore the need for raising awareness about RW effects, which can be achieved by ecotoxicological testing.