Publicación: El cuestionamiento del modelo femenino tradicional en dos comedias de Julia MauraChocolate a la española (1953) y Jaque a la juventud (1965)
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2010
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El teatro de Julia Maura muestra una especial preocupación por las cuestiones de género, de manera que un análisis del mismo desde esta perspectiva revela cómo, incluso en aquellas sociedades profundamente conservadoras, como la franquista, el teatro se puede convertir en vehículo de expresión de nuevos modelos y fenómenos heterodoxos que se alejan del prototipo legitimado por el poder. En las obras analizadas de la autora, Chocolate a la española (1953) y Jaque a la juventud (1965), se tratan, así, algunos temas controvertidos que condicionaban fuertemente la vida de las mujeres y que, sin embargo, desde el poder se trataban de ocultar o manipular: la estigmatización de las solteras, los matrimonios de conveniencia, los embarazos no deseados, etc. Se reflejan asimismo los cambios sociales que estaban aconteciendo en una sociedad aparentemente inmóvil como la franquista. Se ponen, en este sentido, de manifiesto las contradicciones del sistema, especialmente en lo relativo a la doble moral imperante en la sociedad a la hora de juzgar el comportamiento de mujeres y hombres y al carácter caduco de determinadas costumbres y tradiciones, que no reportaban la felicidad a la ciudadanía. Son obras trasgresoras, sobre todo si se tiene en cuenta que fueron escritas en un momento en que estaba plenamente vigente la censura, que se ejercía con mayor crudeza sobre aquellas producciones culturales de autoría femenina.
Julia Maura‟s dramatic production shows a special concern with gender topics, so an analysis of her theatre from this point of view reveals that, even in those societies deeply conservative such as Franco‟s regime, theatre can become a way of expressing new models and heterodox phenomena which are far away from those justified by power. In the analyzed plays, Chocolate a la española (1953) and Jaque a la juventud (1965), the author deals with some controversial issues which were strongly conditioning women‟ life and which the regime tried to conceal or to manipulate: stigmatization of single women, convenience marriages, non wished pregnancies, etc. In these works, she also shows the social changes which were happening in an apparently still society such as the Spanish society of the 40s, 50s and 60s. Julia Maura‟s theatre highlights system‟s contradictions, especially those related to society double moral which judges in a different way female and male behaviour and to old traditions and habits, that don‟t make citizenship happy. The plays are, then, extremely transgressor if we take in mind that they were written in a moment in which censorship was totally in force and that this affected specially to women‟ production
Julia Maura‟s dramatic production shows a special concern with gender topics, so an analysis of her theatre from this point of view reveals that, even in those societies deeply conservative such as Franco‟s regime, theatre can become a way of expressing new models and heterodox phenomena which are far away from those justified by power. In the analyzed plays, Chocolate a la española (1953) and Jaque a la juventud (1965), the author deals with some controversial issues which were strongly conditioning women‟ life and which the regime tried to conceal or to manipulate: stigmatization of single women, convenience marriages, non wished pregnancies, etc. In these works, she also shows the social changes which were happening in an apparently still society such as the Spanish society of the 40s, 50s and 60s. Julia Maura‟s theatre highlights system‟s contradictions, especially those related to society double moral which judges in a different way female and male behaviour and to old traditions and habits, that don‟t make citizenship happy. The plays are, then, extremely transgressor if we take in mind that they were written in a moment in which censorship was totally in force and that this affected specially to women‟ production
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Palabras clave
género, franquismo, Julia Maura, chocolate a la española, jaque a la juventud, gender, Franco‟s regime
Citación
Plaza-Agudo, Inmaculada. “El cuestionamiento del modelo femenino tradicional en dos comedias de Julia Maura: Chocolate a la española (1953) y Jaque a la juventud (1965)”. Anagnórisis, núm. 1, 2010, pp. 200-232
Centro
Facultades y escuelas
Departamento
Literatura Española y Teoría de la Literatura