Publicación: La posibilidad y conveniencia de sobreseer el proceso penal frente a la persona jurídica mediante un compliance eficaz: se hace camino al andar
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2023
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Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
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Editorial LA LEY
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Si bien la relevancia de los programas de cumplimiento y la carga de la prueba fueron asuntos trascendentales en la pasada década, actualmente el caballo de batalla es el momento de la eficacia del compliance. El problema, por tanto, ya no es el «qué» sino el «cuándo». Así, se discute sobre si la persona jurídica, que ha adoptado un modelo de compliance, puede ver archivada la causa en instrucción o si, necesariamente, deberá esperar al juicio oral para alcanzar la exención de responsabilidad. El sobreseimiento del proceso penal frente a la persona jurídica no solo ya es posible, pues ha acontecido en procesos muy relevantes seguidos en la Audiencia Nacional, sino que, además, estimamos que resulta conveniente para el fomento de la autorregulación y la promoción de la cultura de cumplimiento penal.
While the relevance of compliance programs and the burden of proof were key issues in the past decade, the current workhorse is the moment of compliance effectiveness. The problem, therefore, is no longer the «what» but the «when». Thus, it is discussed whether the legal entity, which has adopted a compliance program, can solved its liability in a pre‐trial stage or, necessarily, it will have to wait until trial to avoid criminal liability. The dismissal of criminal proceedings against corporations is not only already possible, as it has occurred in very relevant cases followed in the Audiencia Nacional, but we also consider that it is convenient for the promotion of self‐regulation and the culture of criminal compliance.
While the relevance of compliance programs and the burden of proof were key issues in the past decade, the current workhorse is the moment of compliance effectiveness. The problem, therefore, is no longer the «what» but the «when». Thus, it is discussed whether the legal entity, which has adopted a compliance program, can solved its liability in a pre‐trial stage or, necessarily, it will have to wait until trial to avoid criminal liability. The dismissal of criminal proceedings against corporations is not only already possible, as it has occurred in very relevant cases followed in the Audiencia Nacional, but we also consider that it is convenient for the promotion of self‐regulation and the culture of criminal compliance.
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Sobreseimiento, persona jurídica, cumplimiento normativo, proceso penal, Dismissal of criminal case, corporation, compliance, criminal proceeding
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Facultad de Derecho
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Derecho Procesal