Persona: Martínez Huertas, José Ángel
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Martínez Huertas
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José Ángel
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Publicación Emotional distress among older adults during the COVID-19 outbreak: understanding the longitudinal psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic(Wiley, 2021-10-29) López, Javier; Pérez Rojo, Gema; Noriega, Cristina; Velasco, Cristina; Martínez Huertas, José ÁngelBackground Older adults have proven their ability to overcome adversities throughout their life. This study aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on older adultsʼ psychological distress (anxiety and depression) over time. Methods A community-dwelling Spaniard population (N = 192) completed a survey and reported on their sociodemographic characteristics, appraisal and personal resources. Older adults took part in a longitudinal online survey collected in April 2020 (during the lockdown restrictions) and at two subsequent time points 3 and 9 months after baseline (without lockdown restrictions and during the third wave of the pandemic respectively). Results Older adults did not evidence higher emotional distress than during the initial lockdown. Furthermore, depression remained stable and anxiety significantly decreased. Results also suggest that some sociodemographic characteristics, appraisals and personal resources are relevant. Older participants showed less anxiety than younger ones. Furthermore, being a male, resilience, and acceptance were related with the decrease of anxiety. Otherwise, fear of the COVID-19 outbreak and depression were related with the increase of anxiety. Conclusion Older adults may adapt to the adverse pandemic impact by using more adaptive resources that reduce their distress. Efforts to ameliorate older adults' anxiety by focusing on older adults' personal resources should be considered.Publicación Automated summary evaluation with inbuilt rubric method: An alternative to constructed responses and multiple-choice tests assessments(Taylor and Francis Group, 2019-02-09) Jastrzebska, Olga; Olmos, Ricardo; León, José A.; Martínez Huertas, José ÁngelAutomated Summary Evaluation is proposed as an alternative to rubrics and multiple-choice tests in knowledge assessment. Inbuilt rubric is a recent Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) method that implements rubrics in an artificially-generated semantic space. It was compared with classical LSA’s cosine-based methods assessing knowledge in a within-subjects design regarding two validation sources: a comparison with the results of rubric scores and multiple-choice tests, and the sensitivity of predicting the academic level of the test-taker. Results showed a higher reliability for inbuilt rubric (from Pearson correlation coefficient .81 to .49) over the classical LSA method (from .61 to .34) and a higher sensitivity using binary logistic regressions and effect sizes to predict academic level. It is concluded that inbuilt rubric has a qualitatively higher reliability and validity than classical LSA methods in a way that is complementary to models based on semantic networks. Thus, it is concluded that new Automated Summary Evaluation approaches such as the inbuilt rubric method can be practical in terms of reliability and efficiency, and, thus, they can offer an affordable and valuable form of knowledge assessment in different educational levels.Publicación Older People’s Personal Strengths During the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic(Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos del Principado de Asturias, 2021) Pérez Rojo, Gema; López, Javier; Noriega, Cristina; Velasco, Cristina; Carretero, Isabel; López Frutos, Patricia; Galarraga Cristobal, Leyre; Pillemer, Karl; Martínez Huertas, José ÁngelFortalezas Personales en Personas Mayores Durante la Primera Ola de la Pandemia por COVID-19. Antecedentes: las variables biopsicosociales juegan un papel importante como factores de riesgo o protectores de la salud mental, pero los estudios sobre el impacto del COVID-19 en las personas mayores raramente se han centrado en factores protectores. El objetivo del estudio es analizar cómo fortalezas personales de las personas mayores predicen su bienestar psicológico y malestar emocional. Método: 783 personas españolas mayores de 60 años completaron el protocolo de evaluación que incluía características sociodemográficas, salud percibida, afectación directa o indirecta por COVID, resiliencia, gratitud, evitación experiencial, funcionamiento familiar, malestar emocional y bienestar psicológico. Se utilizó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales y su invarianza para analizar si existían diferencias entre personas afectadas o no por COVID-19. Resultados: se ha encontrado un modelo que apoya el efecto mediador de la resiliencia, la gratitud y la evitación experiencial sobre el bienestar psicológico y el malestar emocional. Los resultados se han mantenido independientemente de la afectación por COVID. Conclusiones: las variables utilizadas como criterio en personas mayores están relacionadas con el bienestar psicológico y el malestar emocional, pero indirectamente y mediadas por fortalezas personales. Esto confirma la importancia de considerar las fortalezas en el bienestar de las personas mayores. Las intervenciones centradas en recursos personales deben ser consideradas.Publicación Mixed-effects models with crossed random effects for multivariate longitudinal data(['Taylor and Francis Group', 'Routledge'], 2022-09-20) Ferrer, Emilio; Martínez Huertas, José ÁngelMultivariate models for longitudinal data attempt to examine change in multiple variables as well as their interrelations over time. In this study, we present a Mixed-Effects Model with Crossed Random effects (MEM-CR) for individuals and variables, and compare it with two existing structural equation models for multivariate longitudinal data, namely the Curve-of-Factor-Scores (CUFFS) and the Factor-of-Curve-Scores (FOCUS). We compare these models in two types of longitudinal studies based on balanced and unbalanced data: panel studies and cohort-sequential designs, respectively. We illustrate the performance of these statistical techniques using empirical data from two studies (MHS, a panel study, and NLSY79, a cohort-sequential design) with discrete and continuous time metric modeling, respectively. We conclude that MEMs-CR provide relevant information about the developmental trajectories of individuals and variables in multivariate longitudinal data under either type of data condition. We discuss the theoretical and methodological implications of our findings.Publicación Strong versus weak embodiment: Spatial iconicity in physical, abstract, and social semantic categories(Wiley, 2023-10) León, José A.; Moreno, D.; Martín, L. A; Martínez Huertas, José ÁngelBackground Perceptual and action systems seem to be related to complex cognitive processes, but the scope of grounded or embodied cognition has been questioned. Zwaan and Yaxley (2003) proposed that cognitive processes of making semantic relatedness judgments can be facilitated when word pairs are presented in ways that their referents maintain their iconic configuration rather than their reverse-iconic configuration (the spatial iconicity effect). This effect has been observed in different semantic categories using specific experiments, but it is known that embodiment is highly dependent on task demands. Method The present study analyzed the spatial iconicity effect in three semantic categories (physical, abstract, and social) using the same experimental criteria to determine the scope of embodied cognition. In this reaction-time experiment, 75 participants judged the semantic relatedness of 384 word pairs whose experimental items were presented in their iconic or reverse-iconic configurations. Results Two mixed-effects models with crossed random effects revealed that the interaction between word meaning and spatial position was present only for physical concepts but neither for abstract nor social concepts. Conclusions Within the framework of strong and weak embodiment theories, the data support weak embodiment theory as the most explicative one.Publicación I feel old and have aging stereotypes’. Internalized aging stereotypes and older adults’ mental health: the mediational role of loneliness(Taylor and Francis Group, 2023-01-05) Pedroso Chaparro, María del Sequeros; Antón López, José Carlos; Cabrera, Isabel; Márquez González, María; Losada Baltar, Andrés; Martínez Huertas, José ÁngelObjectives: The main objective of this study was to analyze the role of aging stereotype activation (when older adults with aging stereotypes begin to consider themselves as older persons) in the relationship between ageist stereotypes, depressive, anxiety, loneliness, and comorbid anxiety-depressive symptoms. Methods: Participants were 182 autonomous community-dwelling people between 60 and 88 (mean age = 72.30; SD = 5.53). Three path models were tested exploring the role of considering oneself as an older person as a moderator variable. Ageist stereotypes were included as the independent variable, loneliness as the mediating variable, and anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and comorbid anxiety-depressive symptoms as dependent variables for each model. Results: The results suggest an influence of ageist stereotypes on anxiety, depressive, and comorbid anxiety-depressive symptoms only in older adults who consider themselves as older persons, and mediated by loneliness. Conclusion: This study suggests that, when someone considers him or herself as an older person, ageist stereotypes activate loneliness feelings, and this activation is associated with psychological distress, including anxiety, depressive, and comorbid anxiety-depressive symptoms.Publicación Cross-cultural analysis of the role of ambivalent feelings for understanding caregivers’ depressive symptoms(Taylor and Francis Group, 2022-09-02) Losada Baltar, Andrés; Kishita, Naoko; Jiménez Gonzalo, Lucía; Fernandes Pires, José; Huertas Domingo, Cristina; Contreras, Milena; Hout, Elien Van; Olazarán, Javier; Márquez González, María; Martínez Huertas, José ÁngelObjectives: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are considered to cause ambivalent feelings in caregivers that may contribute to understanding their depressive symptoms. Transnational research is needed in order to increase our knowledge about the cross-cultural equivalence of theoretical models to understand caregivers’ mental health. The aim of this study was to cross-culturally analyze the association between BPSD, ambivalent feelings and depressive symptoms in two samples of family caregivers of people with dementia from Spain and the UK. Methods: Participants in this study were 432 caregivers who completed measures of BPSD, ambivalent feelings and depressive symptoms. The association between the assessed variables was tested through path-analysis, with differences between countries tested through multigroup analysis. Results: The results suggest that the influence of BPSD on caregivers’ depressive symptoms is indirect, through ambivalent feelings. The observed associations were equivalent between countries and explained a significant percentage of the variance of depressive symptoms. Conclusion: The findings of this study provide, for the first time, evidence of equivalent cross-cultural paths analyzing the role of ambivalent feelings for understanding caregivers’ depressive symptoms. The practical implications of these results are discussed.Publicación Modeling personality language use with small semantic vector subspaces(Elsevier, 2024-12-14) Jorge Botana, Guillermo de; Martínez Mingo, Alejandro; Olmos, Ricardo; Martínez Huertas, José Ángel; Moreno Salinas, DavidPublicación The processes of stress and coping in informal caregivers of people diagnosed on the schizophrenia spectrum. A longitudinal study(Fundación VECA para el Avance de la Psicología Clínica Conductual, 2023) Mora Castañeda, Belvy; Márquez González, María; Fernández Liria, Alberto; Cabrera, Isabel; Olmos, Ricardo; O'connell, Daniel; Martínez Huertas, José ÁngelEl objetivo de este estudio longitudinal fue analizar el papel del estrés y las estrategias de afrontamiento en la explicación de la carga y la depresión de familiares cuidadores de personas con diagnóstico del espectro de la esquizofrenia. Fueron evaluados 30 pacientes este diagnóstico y sus cuidadores informales (n=30). Los participantes fueron evaluados en tres momentos temporales: línea base, a los 5 meses y a los 10 meses. Se encontró una disminución de los niveles de carga subjetiva con el paso del tiempo. Asimismo, la carga subjetiva y la depresión del cuidador mostraron una mayor relación con aquellas variables del paciente relacionadas con la sintomatología negativa. A nivel longitudinal, la evitación y la resignación mostraron una notable relación con la carga subjetiva y la depresión. Los posibles cambios en la evaluación de las demandas que el trastorno plantea y en las estrategias de afrontamiento empleadas por los cuidadores sugieren el desarrollo de un proceso de adaptación al trastorno por parte del cuidador.Publicación Toward a Biological, Psychological and Familial Approach of Eating Disorders at Onset: Case-Control ANOBAS Study(Frontiers Media, 2021-09-09) Sepúlveda, Ana Rosa; Moreno Encinas, Alba; Anastasiadou, Dimitra; Nova, Esther; Marcos, Ascensión; Gómez Martínez, Sonia; Villa Asensi, José Ramón; Mollejo, Encarna; Graell Berna, Montserrat; Martínez Huertas, José ÁngelEating disorders (ED) are considered as heterogeneous disorders with a complex multifactor etiology that involves biological and environmental interaction. Objective: The aim was to identify specific ED bio-psychological-familial correlates at illness onset. Methods: A case-control (1:1) design was applied, which studied 50 adolescents diagnosed with ED at onset (12–17 years old) and their families, paired by age and parents’ socio-educational level with three control samples (40 with an affective disorder, 40 with asthma, and 50 with no pathology) and their respective families. Biological, psychological, and familial correlates were assessed using interviews, standardized questionnaires, and a blood test. Results: After performing conditional logistic regression models for each type of variable, those correlates that showed to be specific for ED were included in a global exploratory model (R2 = 0.44). The specific correlates identified associated to the onset of an ED were triiodothyronine (T3) as the main specific biological correlate; patients’ drive for thinness, perfectionism and anxiety as the main psychological correlates; and fathers’ emotional over-involvement and depression, and mothers’ anxiety as the main familial correlates. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to use three specific control groups assessed through standardized interviews, and to collect a wide variety of data at the illness onset. This study design has allowed to explore which correlates, among those measured, were specific to EDs; finding that perfectionism and family emotional over-involvement, as well as the T3 hormone were relevant to discern ED cases at the illness onset from other adolescents with or without a concurrent pathology.