Persona: Gallardo Beltrán, Marta
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0000-0003-4804-710X
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Gallardo Beltrán
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Marta
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Publicación Land Use and Land Cover Changes in Depopulated Areas of Mediterranean Europe: A Case Study in Two Inland Provinces of Spain(MDPI, 2023-10-25) Vilar, Lara; Gallardo Beltrán, Marta; Fernández Portela, Julio; Cocero Matesanz, DavidDepopulation often leads to the abandonment of agricultural land and the resulting process of afforestation and reforestation. In this paper, we study the land use changes between 2000 and 2018 in two Spanish provinces, Soria and Teruel. The provinces chosen as case studies are of particular interest because they have some of the lowest population densities in Europe and continue to suffer depopulation processes that have been ongoing since the mid-20th century. The reasons for this are not immediately clear given that unlike other European regions with similar population density values, for example in Northern Scandinavia, they are not exposed to extreme climatic conditions, norare they located in isolated mountain regions. Using the CORINE Land Cover database, we observed that in both provinces, there has been an expansion in shrub and forest land uses and a decline in agriculture due largely to the fact that certain areas have been abandoned by their inhabitants, although in other parts of these provinces, the amount of land used for agriculture has increased. Urban growth over this period has been minimal. In the coming years, it seems likely that the population of these areas will continue to fall, given that the policies carried out over decades to try to revert this trend have not been successful.Publicación Impacts of future land use/land cover on wildfire occurrence in the Madrid region (Spain)(Springer, 2016) Gallardo Beltrán, Marta; Gómez, Israel; Vilar, Lara; Martínez Vega, Javier; Martín, Maria Pilar; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0872-1235; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8519-120XThis paper assesses the relative importance of socioeconomic factors linked to fire occurrence through the simulation of future land use/land cover (LULC) change scenarios in the Madrid region (Spain). This region is a clear example of the socioeconomic changes that have been occurring over recent decades in the European Mediterranean as well as their impact on LULC and fire occurrence. Using the LULC changes observed between 1990 and 2006 as a reference, future scenarios were run up to 2025 with the conversion of land use and its effects model. Simultaneously, the relationship between LULC arrangement (interfaces) and historical fire occurrence was calculated using logistic regression analysis and used to quantify changes in future fire occurrence due to projected changes in LULC interfaces. The results revealed that it is possible to explain the probability of fire occurrence using only variables obtained from LULC maps, although the explanatory power of the model is low. In this context, border areas between some LULC types are of particular interest (i.e., urban/forest, grassland/forest and agricultural/forest interfaces). Results indicated that expected LULC changes in Euro-Mediterranean regions, particularly given the foreseeable increase in the wildland¿urban interface, will substantially increase fire occurrence (up to 155 %). This underlines the importance of future LULC scenarios when planning fire prevention measures.Publicación Three decades of land-use changes in the region of Madrid and how they relate to territorial planning(Taylor & Francis, 2016) Gallardo Beltrán, Marta; Martínez Vega, Javier; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8519-120XIn recent decades, the region of Madrid has experienced extensive changes in land use-land cover (LULC). Most of these changes are related to an increase in developed areas (urban, industrial, commercial and transport) and abandonment of agricultural uses. The general guideline for regional management has been disregarded and the legal framework overstepped, allowing such changes to go ahead unchecked. Using four maps for different points in time, 1982, 1990, 2000 and 2006, LULC dynamics are analysed and the changes are related to Madrid regional policies. The IDRISI Land Change Modeller is used in order to quantify the changes and find out where they took place. The results show that developed areas doubled in size between 1982 and 2006. Changes were concentrated around the Madrid metropolis and around the main road network, with an increase in urban sprawl and with new, small urban patches in mountain areas of high scenic beauty. These fast and extensive changes were largely made possible by public disinterest and limitations in land and natural resource conservation mechanisms and in housing market regulation.Publicación Assessing Land Use-Cover Changes and Modelling Change Scenarios in Two Mountain Spanish National Parks(MDPI, 2017-11-07) Martínez Vega, Javier; Díaz Martín, Andrés; Nava Rodriguez, José Miguel; Echavarría Daspet, Pilar; Gallardo Beltrán, Marta; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8519-120X; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4804-710XLand Use-Cover Changes (LUCCs) are one of the main problems for the preservation of biodiversity. Protected Areas (PAs) do not escape this threat. Some processes, such as intensive recreational use, forest fires or the expansion of artificial areas taking place inside and around them in response to their appeal, question their environmental sustainability and their efficiency. In this paper, we analyze the LUCCs that took place between 1990 and 2006 in two National Parks (NPs) belonging to the Spanish network and in their surroundings: Ordesa and Monte Perdido (Ordesa NP) and Sierra de Guadarrama (Guadarrama NP). We also simulate land use changes between 2006 and 2030 by means of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), taking into account two scenarios: trend and green. Finally, we perform a multi-temporal analysis of natural habitat fragmentation in each NP. The results show that the NPs analyzed are well-preserved and have seen hardly any significant LUCCs inside them. However, Socioeconomic Influence Zones (SIZs) and buffers are subject to different dynamics. In the SIZ and buffer of the Ordesa NP, there has been an expansion of built-up areas (annual rate of change = +1.19) around small urban hubs and ski resorts. There has also been a gradual recovery of natural areas, which had been interrupted by forest fires. The invasion of sub-alpine grasslands by shrubs is clear (+2735 ha). The SIZ and buffer of the Guadarrama NP are subject to urban sprawl in forest areas and to the construction of road infrastructures (+5549 ha and an annual rate of change = +1.20). Industrial area has multiplied by 3.3 in 20 years. The consequences are an increase in the Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI), greater risk of forest fires and greater fragmentation of natural habitats (+0.04 in SIZ). In the change scenarios, if conditions change as expected, the specific threats facing each NP can be expected to increase. There are substantial differences between the scenarios depending on whether or not incentives are accepted and legal restrictions are respected.Publicación Infancia, pobreza y deporte en el desierto de Calama, Chile. Representaciones sociales en «segundo tiempo, último gol gana»(UNED - Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia: Facultad de Geografía e Historia, 2021) García Reyes, Manuel David; Marini, Enrico; Gallardo Beltrán, Marta; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5580-0633Las representaciones del cine de ficción nutren el imaginario colectivo, caracterizando elementos que proyectan la percepción social. El trabajo se centra en el cine de Andrés Wood, concretamente en el segmento «Segundo tiempo. Calama. Último gol gana» de su primer largometraje, para observar y analizar la representación de la pobreza y la exclusión en la infancia, en un ámbito geográfico extremo como el desierto de Calama (Chile) y en un contexto económico de reconversión como el sector minero, donde el deporte se convierte en un vehículo para el aprendizaje, la socialización y la toma de responsabilidades.Publicación Caminando a los Parques Urbanos: Calidad y Acceso Público(Revistas Academicas de la Universidad Austral de Chile, 2020-08-27) Rojas, Carolina; Fuente Contreras, Helen De la; Díaz Muñoz, Sebastián; Rueda Seguel, Ivonne; Olguín Carrillo, Natalia; Gallardo Beltrán, Marta; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4004-3999; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0957-2892Los parques urbanos son espacios verdes caracterizados por su concepción multifuncional que incorpora, junto a la vegetación y las áreas de paseo y estanciales, zonas de juego, deportivas o de ocio. Por su tamaño y composición aportan beneficios sociales y físicos a la ciudadanía además de ecológicos y medioambientales a la propia ciudad. Vivir próximos a ellos es clave para mejorar la calidad de vida. Este estudio mide el acceso a pie de residentes con diferentes perfiles demográficos a trece parques urbanos clasificados según su calidad en la ciudad de Concepción, Chile. Los resultados muestran que los adultos y niños disponen de un acceso expedito a parques de calidad, mientras que los adultos mayores, aquejados de mayores problemas de movilidad y una distribución residencial más central, presentan los peores datos independientemente de la calidad de los parques existentes.Publicación Global Change Challenge in the Higher Education Curriculum on the approach of Blended Learning(European Association of Geographers (EUROGEO), 2023-05-15) Leininger Frézal, Caroline; Sprenger, Sandra; Lázaro Torres, María Luisa de; Rodríguez Domenech, María Ángeles; Heidari, Neli; Pigaki, Maria; Naudet, Cédric; Lecomte, Aurore; Gallardo Beltrán, Marta; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0890-6408; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9599-8103; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6000-4279; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6694-9492Global change is one of the greatest challenges facing societies today. Higher education plays a crucial role in providing knowledge on global change, contributing to the achievement of the Sustain-able Development Goals (SDGs) and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. How is global change integrated into the planned, delivered and achieved curriculum? Has the pandemic promoted the development of blended learning courses on global change? To answer these two research ques-tions, we conducted 25 interviews with academics about the prominence of global change in their courses and curriculum. We also analysed several geography curricula. It emerged that universities play a central role in mainstreaming global change into curricula in the context of education for sustainable development (ESD) and climate change. There were two main findings: (i) ESD has been implemented selectively in higher geography education, with a focus on environmental issues and different ap-proaches and (ii) blended learning is a useful approach to develop new curriculum structures and con-tent to educate students about global change.Publicación Satellite images and teaching of Geography(Edizioni Nuova Cultura, 2015) MartínezVega, Javier; Gallardo Beltrán, Marta; Echavarría Daspet, Pilar; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8519-120XSatellite images can be very useful for teaching Geography at all levels. We describe their advantages over other traditional sources of information on observation of the Earth, and present the Remote Sensing and Environment teaching guide, a resource available on the Internet. This can be complemented by other resources – videos and image repositories – to facilitate the teaching of Geography. Two examples are given to illustrate how satellite images can be used in classrooms to explain urban processes. One is explained on a global scale. The other is a research study that uses a number of thematic maps based on satellite images to illustrate how land use has changed in the region of Madrid (Spain) over recent decades. Using a modeller based on neural networks, the land use scenario in the region of Madrid in 2025 is simulated. This graphic and cartographic material can be used by teachers to explain urban processes both globally and regionally. Processes that have already taken place can be discussed and related to environmental impacts. It is also possible to predict what might happen in the future if current trends continue. The aim is to involve students in order to increase their environmental awareness and encourage them to participate in the search for solutions to territorial problems.Publicación Intensidad en los cambios de usos del suelo registrados en la Comunidad de Madrid durante los años 1982 y 2006(BAGE. Boletín de la Asociación Española de Geografía, 2017) Gallardo Beltrán, MartaSe realiza un análisis jerárquico de intensidad de cambios de usos del suelo, a nivel de intervalo de tiempo, a nivel de categorías y a nivel de transiciones, aplicado a la Comunidad de Madrid para los años 1982, 1990, 2000 y 2006. Se observan los principales procesos de cambio y qué categorías se han mostrado estables. Las zonas de extracción minera, vertederos y en construcción son las más intensas, en pérdidas y en ganancias. La artificialización del territorio está relacionada con el aumento de la accesibilidad por infraestructuras de transporte y con la pérdida de superficie agrícola.Publicación Bridging the rural-urban dichotomy in land use science(Taylor and Francis, 2020-11-06) Vliet, Jasper van; Birch Thomsen, Torben; Gallardo Beltrán, Marta; Hemerijckx, Lisa-Marie; Hersperger, Anna M.; Mengmeng Li; Tumwesigye, Samuel; Twongyirwe, Ronald; Rompaey, Anton Van; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3996-5278; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4164-2486; http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4555-5897; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5407-533X; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5958-0941; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0085-3535; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5435-6887Rural and urban areas are often conceptualized as two separate entities and studied accordingly. However, in reality, they are related in multiple ways. Here we explore this relation between rural and urban areas from a land use perspective. We argue that land should be characterized along a gradient from rural to urban. Further, we argue that land use along this gradient typically combines both rural and urban functions. Finally, we point at the complex patterns of migration and mobility between different types of settlements, which is a multidirectional process that further blurs the distinction between rural and urban areas. These propositions are supported by examples from recent research and suggest the need for a more inclusive approach towards the analysis of rural and urban land use systems, as well as plans and policies that target these systems.