Persona: Gallardo Beltrán, Marta
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Gallardo Beltrán
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Publicación Modeling Land-Use Scenarios in Protected Areas of an Urban Region in Spain(Springer, 2018) Gallardo Beltrán, Marta; Martínez Vega, Javier; Camacho Olmedo, MT; Paegelow, M; Mas, JF; Escobar, F; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8519-120XPublicación Pontius Jr. Methods Based on a Cross-Tabulation Matrix to Validate Land Use Cover Maps(Springer, 2022) Paegelow, Martin; Mas, Jean François; Gallardo Beltrán, Marta; Camacho Olmedo, María Teresa; García Álvarez, David; García Álvarez, D.; Camacho Olmedo, MT; Paegelow, M; Mas , JF; http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9254-5312; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6138-9879; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3178-1543; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3611-8003Several validation techniques based on the cross-tabulation matrix can be applied to validate Land Use Cover (LUC) maps. The exercises in this chapter focus, in particular, on the cross-tabulation techniques proposed by Robert Gilmore Pontius Jr., who has developed many indices and techniques in this field. Given his major contribution to this family of validation techniques, we have associated his name here with cross-tabulation techniques without this in any way implying that his scientific activity is limited to this field. The null model (Sect. 1) is especially useful for validating simulations, comparing the modelled map to a reference map with full persistence. LUCC budget (Sect. 2) only focusses on changes, which it splits into different components. This method can be used to compare the changes we want to validate with a reference set of changes, so providing interesting information as to how well our maps capture the dynamics of the landscape. Quantity and allocation disagreement (Sect. 3) analyse the differences between the reference map and the map being validated using two indices: disagreement in quantity and disagreement in allocation. The Figure of Merit (FoM) (Sect. 4) technique is used to validate a set of LUC changes by comparing them with a reference, distinguishing between different components of agreement: correctly simulated change, wrongly simulated or missing change. Incidents and States (Sect. 5) allows us to identify illogical transitions in a time series of maps by providing the number of states and transitions that a cell undergoes over the course of the series. Intensity analysis (Sect. 6) and Flow matrix (Sect. 7) also enable us to validate the logic of LUC changes in a time series of maps. Intensity analysis provides information on the speed of changes, identifying those transitions or changes that do not follow a logical trend, while the flow matrix enables us to spot unstable changes in a series of maps. In this chapter, we present examples of how these techniques can be used in different cases: to validate single LUC maps, to validate a series of maps with two or more time points, to validate simulated changes against a reference map of changes and to validate changes simulated by various models. All these techniques are illustrated by exercises using datasets from the Asturias Central Area and the Ariège Valley.Publicación Modelling Land Use and Land Cover Changes in the Mediterranean Agricultural Ecosystems(Taylor & Francis, 2021) Martínez Vega, Javier; Mili, Samir; Gallardo Beltrán, Marta; Vlontzos, George; Ampatzidis, Yiannis; Manos, Basil; Pardalos, Panos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8519-120X; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3835-9310Land use and land cover (LULC) is a powerful driver of sustainable landscape development, conservation and management. This is especially true for Mediterranean agricultural landscapes, which are increasingly sensitive to human activities, water scarcity and climate change. Therefore, this study investigates the patterns, dynamics and driving forces of LULC changes affecting Mediterranean agricultural ecosystems, taking southern Spain (regions of Andalusia and Murcia) as a representative case study. Analysis of LULC change facilitates the design of policies to balance competing uses, development pressures and conservation imperatives. Cartographic modelling of LULC changes was applied using the level-3 44 classes of CORINE Land Cover (CLC) maps for 2006 and 2018. Cross-tabulation techniques and descriptive statistics of land uses (persistence, gains, losses, total change, net change and annual change) have been used. LULC change processes have been geographically localized and correlated with their driving factors using logistic regression modelling. Part of these factors are environmental and biophysical (topography, climate, soils, aquifers, protected areas) whereas others are socioeconomic (accessibility, agricultural and environmental policies, natural resource management plans, urban planning, among others). GUIDOS software has been used to compute a fragmentation index of agricultural landscape that contributes to understanding ecological implications of the LULC changes within agricultural semi-natural ecosystems in the study area. Results indicate inter alia that in both regions over 81,000 hectares of agricultural land have changed their use status toward other non-agricultural uses during 2006-2018 due to diverse processes of LULC change, generating significant socioeconomic and environmental implications. Agricultural lands have experienced inverse processes such as crop intensification and extension of irrigated crops, as well as reduction in rainfed arable land and agroforestry areas. It is expected that the results obtained can help policymakers and managers responsible for agricultural and environmental policies in their decision-making processes, including decisions related to agricultural land management, crop diversification, and allocation of the CAP and the agri-environmental payments. Results also could be useful for other countries holding similar agricultural ecosystemsPublicación Story maps y trabajos de campo virtuales para la enseñanza del cambio global(Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, 2023) Gallardo Beltrán, Marta; Lázaro Torres, María Luisa de; García González, Juan AntonioEl cambio global es uno de los mayores retos a los que se enfrenta nuestra sociedad, entendido este como los cambios planetarios ocasionados por las relaciones de la sociedad con el medio físico, incluyendo, entre otros, el cambio climático y sus efectos derivados de las actividades humanas. Con el objeto de averiguar hasta qué punto el cambio global es objeto de estudio en las universidades se realizan 25 entrevistas a docentes de diferentes universidades europeas. Se defiende que es posible impulsar, como elemento transversal en la enseñanza, el trabajo de campo virtual para visibilizar los cambios globales. Con esta finalidad se han seleccionado distintos story maps que muestran trabajos de campo virtuales relacionados con el cambio global, ofreciéndolos como una de las posibilidades metodológicas que pueden ser utilizadas para introducir el concepto del cambio global y sus posibles consecuencias en el aula.Publicación Validation of Land Use Cover Maps: A Guideline(Springer, 2022) Camacho Olmedo, María Teresa; García Álvarez, David; Gallardo Beltrán, Marta; Mas, Jean Francois; Paegelow, Martin; Castillo Santiago, Miguel Ángel; Molinero Parejo, Ramón; García Álvarez, D.; Camacho Olmedo, MT; Paegelow, M; Mas, JF; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3178-1543; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3611-8003; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6138-9879; http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9254-5312; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3024-5514; http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7406-8604This chapter offers a general overview of the available tools and strategies for validating Land Use Cover (LUC) data—specifically LUC maps—and Land Use Cover Change Modelling (LUCCM) exercises. We give readers some guidelines according to the type of maps they want to validate: single LUC maps (Sect. 3), time series of LUC maps (Sect. 4) or the results of LUCCM exercises (Sect. 5). Despite the fact that some of the available methods are applicable to all these maps, each type of validation exercise has its own particularities which must be taken into account. Each section of this chapter starts with a brief introduction about the specific type of maps (single, time series or modelling exercises) and the reference data needed to validate them. We also present the validation methods/functions and the corresponding exercises developed in Part III of this book. To this end, we address, in this order, the tools for validating Land Use Cover data based on basic and Multiple-Resolution Cross-Tabulation (see chapter “Basic and Multiple-Resolution Cross Tabulation to Validate Land Use Cover Maps”), metrics based on the Cross-Tabulation matrix (see chapter “Metrics Based on a Cross-Tabulation Matrix to Validate Land Use Cover Maps”), Pontius Jr. methods based on the Cross-Tabulation matrix (see chapter “Pontius Jr. Methods Based on a Cross-Tabulation Matrix to Validate Land Use Cover Maps”), validation practices with soft maps produced by Land Use Cover models (see chapter “Validation of Soft Maps Produced by a Land Use Cover Change Model”), spatial metrics (see chapter “Spatial Metrics to Validate Land Use Cover Maps”), advanced pattern analysis (see chapter “Advanced Pattern Analysis to Validate Land Use Cover Maps”) and geographically weighted methods (see chapter “Geographically Weighted Methods to Validate Land Use Cover Maps”).Publicación Using the European CORINE Land Cover Database: A 2011–2021 Specific Review(Springer, 2023) Gallardo Beltrán, Marta; Cocero Matesanz, DavidLand use and land cover changes (LULCC) are social, climatic and ecolog-ical changes that take place at multiple spatial and time scales. The study of these changes offers us a better understanding of the evolution of the territory and the changes that take place in its natural and cultural values. In Europe, the CORINE Land Cover (CLC) database is crucially important for monitoring these changes. As of today, it includes different maps of the land uses and covers in up to 39 countries, drawn in a standardized way. Within the context of the Sustainable Development Goals proposed by United Nations Agenda 2030 on Life on Earth, CORINE can provide essential information for a full understanding of the current situation of Goal 15 (Life on Land) so as to facilitate the design of sustainable policies for spatial planning and organization. In this paper, we perform a bibliographical review of the use of the CLC database. On the basis of qualitative and quantitative analyses, we analyse 77 publications indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection, published between 2011 and 2021, which include the word “CORINE” in the title. We observe increasing interest in the use of the CLC as a means of tracking the LULCC that have taken place and their impact on environmental issues such as deforestation, the pressures on protected natural areas and the soil erosion risk, among others. Other researchers analyse the CLC itself, assessing its accuracy and applicability with other sources and databases. Most of the papers refer to the maps for the years 2000 and 2006, using Level 3 of the thematic legend to study particular issues or dynamics at a local level. As regards the location of the institutions that use the CLC, those situated in Spain, Poland and Romania stand out. There were few links between the authors of these publications.Publicación Visiones del Madrid urbano: la enseñanza de la ciudad a través de videoclips(Adaya Press, 2018) Gallardo Beltrán, Marta; García Reyes, David; López García, C; Manso J.; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3611-8003Los métodos de enseñanza y aprendizaje están en pleno proceso de cambio y la introducción de las tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC) ya es una realidad. Las nuevas generaciones de estudiantes están cada vez más informatizadas y son numerosos los estudios que demuestran que las herramientas que incluyen dichas tecnologías proporcionan un aprendizaje colaborativo y una mayor participación e interés por parte del alumnado. La web 2.0 crece exponencialmente, tanto su uso personal como profesional y también como complemento en la docencia. En este sentido, los videoclips que se encuentran en la plataforma YouTube combinan el medio audiovisual con la música (dos aspectos que suelen motivar a la población joven) y pueden ser reproducidos de manera gratuita. Su visionado puede introducirse en el aula sin necesidad de dedicar un tiempo excesivo y la facilidad en su uso permite que pueda ser utilizado tanto por alumnado o académicos que no estén muy familiarizados con las TIC. Se presenta una propuesta cuyo objetivo es analizar el espacio urbano de la ciudad de Madrid y cómo este es representado por diferentes artistas o grupos musicales, mediante la elección de dos videoclips. Se observará si dicha representación se ajusta a la realidad y cómo este medio puede influir en el imaginario colectivo, especialmente de la población joven. Esta práctica puede realizarse en los cursos de Bachillerato o primeros cursos de diferentes carreras de humanidades y ciencias sociales.