Persona:
Ramos Villaverde, Sergio

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0000-0001-5771-116X
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Ramos Villaverde
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Sergio
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2018 - 201912020 - 20211
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  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    The irrelevancy of the inter-trial interval on delay-discounting experiments on an animal model of ADHD
    (Elsevier, 2021-06-25) SjØberg, Espen .A.; Johansen, Espen Borgå; Ramos Villaverde, Sergio; López Tolsa Gómez, Gabriela Eugenia; Pellón Suárez de Puga, Ricardo
    Delay discounting involves choosing between a small, immediate reward, and a larger but delayed one. As the delay between choice and large reward gets longer, people with ADHD tend to become impulsive faster than controls, indicated by a switch in preference from the large to the smaller reward. Choosing the smaller reward when the larger is considered reward maximizing is labeled impulsive behaviour. It is well documented that increased delays between choice and reward affects choice preference in both humans and other animals. Other variables such as the inter-trial interval or trial length are observed to have an effect on human discounting, but their effect on discounting in other animals is largely assumed rather than tested. In the current experiment, we tested this assumption. One group of rats was exposed to increasing delays between choosing the large reward and receiving it, while another group experienced longer inter-trial intervals that were equal in length to the delays in the other group. This ensured that trial length was controlled for in delay discounting, but that the delay function and inter-trial intervals could be manipulated and measured separately. Results showed that while the delay between choice and reward caused impulsive behaviour in rats, the length of the inter-trial interval (and by extension trial length) had no impact on choice behaviour. A follow-up experiment found this to be the case even if the length of the inter-trial interval was signaled with audio cues. These results suggest that rats, and possibly animals in general, are insensitive to time between trials, and therefore cannot easily represent human counterparts on the task.
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    A study on the deployment of high-speed broadband networks in NUTS3 regions within the framework of digital agenda for Europe
    (Elsevier, 2018) Feijóo González, Claudio; Armuña, Cristina; Arenal, Alberto; Ramos Villaverde, Sergio; Gómez Barroso, José Luis
    This paper investigates the high-speed broadband situation in the EU and its prospects. It uses a deployment model to estimate the investment required to meet the Digital Agenda for Europe (DAE) broadband targets set by the European Commission in its Europe 2020 strategy at different stages: as of 2016, after expected operators’ deployment, after public subsidies and leveraged investment, and as expected in 2020. The model uses data at the NUTS3 level, which is the most granular level that has data available on the status of broadband deployment, to arrive at a coherent and comparable framework. From the different perspectives on the investment to meet DAE targets, the paper concludes on the need for an appropriate combination of incumbent and alternative operators investments, public subsidies and leveraged investments, and new investments, both public and private and non-existing as of 2016, examining their feasibility and the impact of different regulatory, technical, and policy strategies.