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Colmenar Santos, Antonio

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0000-0001-8543-4550
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Colmenar Santos
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Antonio
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2001 - 200912010 - 201982020 - 20228
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Mostrando 1 - 10 de 17
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    Simulation of modeling of multi-megawatt photovoltaic plants with high voltage direct current grid integration
    (Elsevier, 2018-05-15) Guinduláin Argandoña, Tomás; Rosales Asensio, Enrique; Molina Ibáñez, Enrique Luis; Blanes Peiró, Jorge Juan; Colmenar Santos, Antonio
    This paper develops an integrated model of multi megawatt PV plant with HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) or HVAC (High Voltage Alternating Current) network, using the specific software of power electronics PSIM. This model has been developed by functional blocks, including the photovoltaic field itself, the pertinent conversion units for the integration of each network as well as the network type for production. The models allow to obtain transmissions loss for any combination of the three variables on which they depend; network length (km), temperature (°C) and irradiance (W/m2). To verify the validity of the model and demonstrate the distribution advantages of HVDC -even for relatively low-photovoltaic power plants in comparison to the common applications currently used in HVDC networks-, a case study has been used which has led to the conclusion that the use of HVDC networks may be convenient for this type of power generation plants.
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    Technological improvements in energetic efficiency and sustainability in existing combined-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power plants
    (Elsevier, 2018-08-01) Gómez Camazón, David; Rosales Asensio, Enrique; Blanes Peiró, Jorge Juan; Colmenar Santos, Antonio
    Data from an existing combined-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power plant are used to create a computer simulation to allow efficiency and emission calculations, simulation and assessing improvements that apply partial regeneration with solar hybridization. The proposed amendments to this triple-pressure steam-reheat combined cycle (CCC3PR) with 400 MW of net power incorporates a regenerator and thermal energy, from a source of renewable solar energy up to 50 MW, in order to reduce the energy loss in the gas turbine. The calculation and simulation models were created using Visual Basic code. Regeneration and solar hybridization were found to contribute to increasing efficiencies of around 2.25% to 3.29% depending on the loading point. The reduction of gas consumption was between 6.25% and 9.45% and the overall cycle efficiency loss is minimal due to hybridization. There was a loss of the net power of the new cycle but it is considerably lower if than heat from a renewable source is supplied to the cycle. This net power loss has an average value of 7.5% with regeneration only and of 1% with regeneration and hybridization. The reduction of fuel consumption is significant which could result in saving approximately 4 million €/year. Partial regeneration in the gas turbine and solar thermal power in the existing CCGTs provide an interesting possibility for reducing emissions (by 26,167 t/year). In conclusion, partial regeneration with solar hybridization provides an interesting and proven possibility to increase performance and efficiency whilst reducing emissions from the existing CCC3PR.
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    Electric vehicle charging strategy to support renewable energy sources in Europe 2050 low-carbon scenario
    (Elsevier, 2019-09-15) Muñoz Gómez, Antonio Miguel; Rosales Asensio, Enrique; Colmenar Santos, Antonio; López-Rey García-Rojas, África
    The EU has undertaken a thorough reform of its energy model. Current EU 2050 climate commitment sets an 80–95% GHG reduction goal. To reach this goal, the EU must make continued progress towards a low-carbon society. Renewable energy sources and electric vehicle play an important role for a gradual transition. The power grid faces a challenging future due to intermittency and the non-dispatchable nature of wind and solar energy production, but flexibility needs can migrate from generation to load, with the expansion of demand-side resources and storage technologies. A novel grid technique is presented and evaluated in this paper for the optimal integrated operation of renewable resources and electric vehicle to increase penetration of renewable energy. It is proposed a distribute control system to manage a charge and discharge strategy to support mismatching between load and renewable generation thru V2G technology. Demand response, peak saving and ancillary services are introduced to keep a reliable power quality, stable frequency and flatten load profile.
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    Legislative and economic aspects for the inclusion of energy reserve by a superconducting magnetic energy storage: Application to the case of the Spanish electrical system
    (Elsevier, 2018-02) Molina Ibáñez, Enrique Luis; Rosales Asensio, Enrique; Blanes Peiró, Jorge Juan; Colmenar Santos, Antonio
    With the encouragement from renewable energies, elements of the electrical system are magnified which make possible a suitable connection to the electrical network. Among others, energy storage systems (ESSs) are emphasized because of their impact. This article discusses two essential aspects to take into account for an ESS, that is the regulatory framework and the economic aspect. In particular, it focuses on superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) in the Spanish electrical system. An analysis is performed on the legislation and regulations that apply to energy storage systems, which may affect in a direct or indirect manner its inclusion. This is accompanied by an analysis of the legislation in different countries to assess the situation in Spain in this regard, by comparison. Another point to take into consideration, which is crucial for the correct development and inclusion of this type of elements, is the economic viability- showing the costs of manufacturing and maintenance of these systems. Although it is necessary to keep investigating to lower the costs, economic benefits are appreciated, among other things, owing to the increase of the reliability of the electrical network. This increase of the reliability is resultant from a decrease of the cuts of service and the improvement of the quality of the energy.
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    Technical approach for the inclusion of superconducting magnetic energy storage in a smart city
    (Elsevier, 2018-09-01) Molina Ibáñez, Enrique Luis; Rosales Asensio, Enrique; Colmenar Santos, Antonio; López-Rey García-Rojas, África
    Smart grids are a concept which is evolving quickly with the implementation of renewable energies and concepts such as Distributed Generation (DG) and micro-grids. Energy storage systems play a very important role in smart grids. The characteristics of smart cities enhance the use of high power density storage systems, such as SMES systems. Because of this, we studied the possibility of adapting these systems in this kind of electrical topology by simulating the effects of an energy storage system with high power density (as SMES). An electrical and control adaptation circuit for storing energy was designed. The circuit consisted of three blocks. The first one was a passive filter LCL. The second was a converter system that allows rectifying of the signal when the system runs in charge mode but acts as an inverter when it changes to discharge mode. Finally, there is a chopper that allows the current levels to be modified. Throughout simulations, we have seen the possibility of controlling the energy supply so as the storage. This permits to adapt to different contingencies which may induce the wiring of the charge in the net, as well as different types of charges. Despite the technical contribution of this kind of systems in the Spanish electrical network, there are big obstacles that would prevent its inclusion in the network, such as the high cost of manufacturing and maintenance compared with other cheaper systems such as superconductors or the low energy density, which limits their use.
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    Adaptive model predictive control for electricity management in the household sector
    (Elsevier, 2022-05) Muñoz Gómez, Antonio Miguel; Rosales Asensio, Enrique; Fernández Aznar, Gregorio; Galán Hernández, Noemi; Colmenar Santos, Antonio
    This paper focuses on the optimisation of electricity consumption in residential buildings. To deal with the increase in electricity consumption, the intermittency of renewable energy generation and grid contingencies, a greater effort is required towards residential management optimisation. A novel adaptive model predictive control algorithm is proposed to achieve this objective. The challenges for this research included recognising and modelling the economic and technical constraints of the sources and appliances and addressing the uncertainties concerning the weather and user behaviour. Data-driven models are developed and trained to predict the user behaviour and buildings. Artificial neural networks and statistical models based on the weighted moving average are proposed to capture the patterns of deferrable and non-deferrable appliances, battery storage, electric vehicles, photovoltaic modules, buildings and grid connections. A dual optimisation method is devised to minimise the electricity bill and achieve thermal comfort. The proposed optimisation solver is a two-step optimisation method based on genetic algorithm and mixed integer linear programming. A comprehensive simulation study was carried out to reveal the effectiveness of the proposed method through a set of simulation scenarios. The results of the quantitative analysis undertaken as part of this study show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm towards reducing electricity charges and improving grid elasticity.
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    Optimized design method for storage systems in photovoltaic plants with delivery limitation
    (Elsevier, 2019-03-01) Colmenar Santos, Antonio; Mario Monteagudo Mencucci; Enrique Rosales-Asensio; Miguel de Simón Martín; Pérez Molina, Clara María
    It results widely common for distribution network operators to impose restrictions on delivered solar photovoltaic generated power when the power plant rated power is greater than the maximum allowed due to the distribution network capacity. Thus, a feasible solution to maximize the performance of the solar power plant is the integration of battery energy storage systems. Although this configuration has been extensively studied in the existing literature, an optimal design method to determine the proper size and operation of the energy storage system needs to be developed. In this paper, a novel method to help power plants designers to determine the optimal battery energy storage capacity to integrate into any solar photovoltaic power plant is provided. The proposed algorithm minimizes the potential power curtailment and optimizes the utilization rate of the batteries storage system. The algorithm can be applied to any grid connected solar photovoltaic power plant under delivery power restrictions, regardless of power capacity and location. The algorithm has been implemented to a simulated power plant with delivery limitations based in a real case, and results with the optimal battery capacity show that the system would be able to recover up to the 83% of the curtailed energy and a yearly average capacity utilization of 56%. Moreover, the BESS operation has been validated with a scaled model run in Simulink and laboratory measurements, achieving 98% of curtailed energy recovery rate and a 57% of average capacity utilization.
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    Teaching Using Collaborative Research Projects: Experiences with Adult Learners in Distance Education
    (MDPI, 2021-09-18) Enrique Rosales Asensio; Sierra García, José Carlos; Pérez Molina, Clara María; Jesús Romero Mayoral; Colmenar Santos, Antonio
    This research studies the acquisition and improvement of specific cognitive, functional, and social competencies of the students enrolled in a university module in which we applied Collaborative Research Project (CRP) strategy. The module was Research Methodology for a master’s degree in research in electrical engineering, electronics and industrial control given at the National Distance Education University (UNED) in Spain. This practice was applied to a research project in which the private sector was interested in. We have been aiming at increasing academia–industry interaction while promoting active learning; both are principles advocated by the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). Having applied this strategy, the module learning outcomes were evaluated following the guideline standards set by the National Agency for Quality Assessment of Universities (ANECA) of the Spanish Government. The results from this evaluation indicated that CRP, even when carried out by using distance learning, has encouraged the students’ interest in both research and the module. It has also fostered collaboration between students and lecturers while increasing their degree of satisfaction. We highlight the difficulties in merging all the outcomes from the students’ research as the main drawback.
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    Techno-economic analysis of a heat and power combination system based on hybrid photovoltaic-fuel cell systems using hydrogen as an energy vector
    (Elsevier, 2021-06-01) Peláez Peláez, Sofía; Colmenar Santos, Antonio; Pérez Molina, Clara María; Ana-Esther Rosales
    A techno-economic assessment is conducted for a hybrid combined generation system based on renewable storage technologies such as those offered by fuel cells and using hydrogen as a fuel, which is considered to be a sustainable energy vector. The proposed system consists of three subsystems: a photovoltaic system, which generates electrical energy through solar energy; the system for the generation, consumption and storage of hydrogen, where an electrolyzer is available to obtain hydrogen from water; the fuel cell, which will generate electrical and heat energy and a hydrogen tank to store the hydrogen; and a thermal system, consisting of a Heat Recovery Steam System and an absorption chiller where the thermal energy from the heat cell will be used for the thermal load. The electrical energy generated by the fuel cell serves as a support for the solar energy when, for whatever reason, it cannot meet the demand. The economic assessment, performed using the Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) software, shows that the net present cost of the optimized system is $1,006,293 and the cost of energy $0.8399/kWh. The research here presented proved that, although this system is not economically viable at present, it is technically possible.
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    Evaluation of Supply–Demand Adaptation of Photovoltaic–Wind Hybrid Plants Integrated into an Urban Environment
    (Wiley, 2019) López-Rey García-Rojas, África; Campinez Romero, Severo; Gil Ortego, Rosario; Colmenar Santos, Antonio
    A massive integration of renewable energy sources is imperative to comply with the greenhouse emissions reduction targets fixed to achieve the limitation of global warming. Nevertheless, the present integration levels are still far from the targets. The main reason being the technical barriers arising from their non-manageable features. Photovoltaic and wind sources are the widest spread, as their maturity allows generation with a high-efficiency degree. A deep understanding of facilities’ performance and how they can match the energy demand is mandatory to reduce costs and extend the technical limits and facilitate their penetration. In this paper, we present a novel methodology to evaluate how photovoltaic–wind hybrid facilities, placed in an urban environment can give generation patterns which will be able to match the demand profiles better than facilities installed individually. This methodology has been applied to a broad number of locations spread over the whole planet. The results show that with high homogeneity in terms of site weather characteristics, the hybrid facilities improve the matching up to 15% over photovoltaic plants and up to 35% over wind.