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Los abusos en la contratación de los trabajadores migrantes
(Thomson Reuters Aranzadi, 2022) Enache, Nicoleta; González Rabanal, Miryam de la Concepción; González Rabanal, Miryam de la Concepción
El análisis DAFO del método de educación a distancia. Una visión de la UNED contrastada por los estudiantes de Másteres oficiales
(Thomson Reuters Aranzadi, 2022) González Rabanal, Miryam de la Concepción; Acevedo Blanco, Antonio Jesús
Análisis del principio constitucional de mérito y capacidad y su relación con la evaluación del desempeño
(Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 2024-07-26) Bolado Alonso, Jesús; González Rabanal, Miryam de la Concepción
Todas las Constituciones españolas desde 1837 han contemplado la idea de que el acceso a los empleos y cargos públicos se hiciera según los principios de mérito y capacidad. Por ello, la institución funcionarial ha contribuido a conformar en la mente del ciudadano la idea de que existen funcionarios y servidores cualificados que hacen que la actividad que la Administración Pública proporciona a los ciudadanos se enmarque en un sistema que garantiza la calidad del servicio prestado. Los principios de mérito y capacidad van a asegurar que, al frente de la Administración Pública, estarán funcionarios públicos, servidores de la sociedad, preparados, imparciales y objetivos. Por tanto, la evaluación del desempeño de los servidores públicos debe operar bajo los principios de mérito y capacidad como base para determinar la selección de los mejores empleados públicos durante la carrera administrativa. Las cualidades requeridas para ejecutarla son atributos especiales y profesionales que han de poseer los más cualificados para el desempeño de las responsabilidades públicas. La metodología empleada en el desarrollo del presente trabajo ha consistido en el estudio de la legislación, la doctrina y la jurisprudencia sobre el tema del mérito y la capacidad para el desempeño de responsabilidades públicas, derivando de todo el análisis e investigación llevados a cabo un estudio jurídico-descriptivo y crítico. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que la implantación de la evaluación del desempeño es una herramienta adecuada para reforzar en el ámbito de la Administración Pública la selección del personal a su servicio, aplicando los principios de mérito y capacidad que se recogen en la Constitución, en la medida en que se erige en un instrumento para valorar el esfuerzo y el trabajo de todos los empleados públicos con el fin de servir mejor y más eficientemente a los intereses generales.
Application of IFRS 9 Financial Instruments and the Exposure to Credit Risk (Case Study in Ecuador)
(Yayasan Ilomata, 2023-04-30) Manya Orellana, Marlon Vicente; González Rabanal, Miryam de la Concepción
The pandemic has caused many businesses to experience a significant decline in revenue and profitability, leading to a decrease in the value of their assets. As a result, companies may need to assess whether their assets have been impaired and take an impairment charge if necessary. This caused companies in general to modify the accounting treatment under the international standard IFRS 9 applicable from 2018. The objective of this article is to determine the portfolio risk that affects the calculation of these provisions, through a case study in Ecuador. The research approach used was mixed (qualitative and quantitative), since various types of data collection tools were used to process the information. The data treatment in the qualitative approach consists of the analysis of the phenomenon related to the exploration for the understanding of the IFRS 9 accounting standard. On the other hand, the quantitative approach intends to analyze the research variables and measure them numerically with the use of statistical methods using Binary Logistic Regression. To this end, a database of clients of a non-financial company was analyzed, and the composition of its portfolio segmented by day of delay, observing the component called probability of default (PD), which was determined by binary logistic regression. A model was obtained that allowed to obtain the desired probability, and consequently under the approach of IFRS 9, the calculation of the expected credit loss (ECL). The results obtained estimated a portfolio impairment of 23%, compared to the baseline scenario of 9%.
El Aprendizaje-Servicio en el entorno virtual. Pedagogía innovadora para la Universidad del siglo XXI
(Dykinson, 2024) Acevedo Blanco, Antonio Jesús; Fernández Rodríguez, Jesús; Gómez Gómez, Francisco; González Rabanal, Miryam de la Concepción; González Rabanal, Nuria; González Rabanal, Miryam de la Concepción; Acevedo Blanco, Antonio Jesús; http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2862-9401
Cessation of Activity Benefit for Spanish Self-employed Workers: A Heterogeneous Impact Evaluation
(Instituto de Estudios Fiscales, 2019-05) Moral Arce, Ignacio; Martín Román, Javier; Martín-Román, Ángel L.
The goal of this paper is to evaluate the effects of a public policy implemented through the Spanish Social Security system: the Cessation of Activity Benefit (CAB) for self-employed workers. Making use of the Continuous Sample of Working Lives (MCVL) and by means of a Propensity Score Matching (PSM) methodology, our results show that, when we do not take into account heterogeneity in the treatment, self-employed workers receiving CAB experience non-employment spells between 33 and 38 logarithmic points longer than their not entitled counterparts. We also detect that this difference is not constant but depends on the likelihood of being treated. We believe that the two traditional problems that affect the insurance markets, consequence of the asymmetric information, adverse selection and moral hazard, are behind these results.
Challenges of the Welfare State: The Spanish Case
(Inovatus Usluge, 2021-07) González Rabanal, Miryam de la Concepción
Recent events - especially the economic crisis- have revealed the need to maintain the welfare state, especially in developed countries (the most attacked by the crisis) which are also hit the hardest by the recession and job losses. On the one hand, the increase in demand for social services joins the decreased capacity to collect taxes as a result of the fall in economic activity and declining social contributions because of the rising unemployment. On the other, economic difficulties to prop up the welfare of citizens have caused the most unrest and political debate about whether social spending is precisely that what must suffer cuts to balance the public accounts. The answer of each country to this question will depend on its ability to meet new challenges without compromising the future of younger generations. The objective of this paper is to discuss the Spanish model of welfare, taking into special consideration the demographic effects of an aging population and the reversal of migration flows in order to discern which direction and what concrete measures can answer the previous question. This has been a response that in the Spanish case, has highlighted the need to review the excessive benevolence in granting a benefits system and the existing pockets of fraud in the tax system.
Children in Monetary Poor Households: Baseline and COVID-19 Impact for 2020 and 2021
(Springer Nature, 2021-05-11) Fiala, Olivier; Delamónica, Enrique; Escaroz, Gerardo; Cid Martinez, Ismael; Kielem, Aristide; Espinoza-Delgado, José; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7050-718X
The impact of the global economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic will not affect all children equally: those in poorer households and children who are disadvantaged face the most serious consequences. As parents lose their jobs and incomes, the impact on children living in impoverished households must be measured. In this article, we assess the economic consequences of the pandemic on these children. Given that poorer families have a larger number of children than other families, the analysis first establishes the proportion of children living in monetary poor households, as defined by national standards, across developing countries. Then, using historical changes and trends of income distribution per country, the latest projections about economic decline due to the pandemic, and demographic information about the distribution of children by deciles, we estimate the expected increase in the number of children in monetary poor households in developing countries as of end of 2020 to be an additional 122–144 million and, at best, a moderate decline in these numbers by end of 2021.
COVID-19 Lockdown and Housing Deprivation Across European Countries
(Elsevier, 2022) Bárcena Martín, Elena; Cantó, Olga; Ayala Cañón, Luis; Navarro Ruiz, Carolina
Housing deprivation is a key determinant of the capacity to prevent infection and to recover from a disease because poor housing prevents adequate sheltering during a quarantine. We analyze the degree of housing deprivation faced by households in European countries when COVID-19 lockdown measures were enacted. To do so, we propose a synthetic measure that includes more dimensions than the official Eurostat indicator of severe housing deprivation. We use a fuzzy set approach to measure housing deprivation so that, unlike traditional deprivation approaches, based on a dichotomous variable, we can identify different degrees of housing deprivation for each household in the population. We find similar orderings of housing deprivation dimensions by country with the highest degree of deprivation in the living space dimension and the lowest one in the standard housing or technology deprivation dimension. Nonetheless, housing deprivation levels differ across countries, with Eastern European households being significantly more housing deprived than the rest when the lockdown began. This result shows that the effects of the lockdown on social well-being have not affected all Europeans equally and emphasizes the need for government measures that promote decent housing.
Cross-country income mobility comparisons under panel attrition: the relevance of weighting schemes
(Routledge. Taylor & Francis Group, 2011) Sastre, Mercedes; Ayala Cañón, Luis; Navarro Ruiz, Carolina
This article aims to present an assessment of the effects of panel attrition on income mobility comparisons for some EU-countries by using the European Community Household Panel (ECHP). There are different possibilities of correcting the attrition problem by means of alternative longitudinal weighting schemes. The sensitivity of mobility estimates to these attrition correction procedures is tested in the paper. Our results show that ECHP attrition is characterised by a certain degree of selectivity but only affecting some variables and countries. Different probability models corroborate the existence of a certain non-random attrition. The model chosen to construct the longitudinal weights to correct attrition offers up rather different results than those obtained when Eurostat’s longitudinal weights are used. Although attrition does not seem to have a great effect on aggregated mobility indicators, it does have a decisive effect on decomposition exercises. Our tests reveal certain sensitivity of income mobility measures to the weighting system used.
Design of a chatbot as a distance learning assistant
(International Council for Open and Distance Education (ICDE), 2020) Tamayo Lorenzo, Pedro Antonio; Herrero Alcalde, Ana; Martín Román, Javier; Navarro Ruiz, Carolina; Tránchez Martín, José Manuel
Within the process of progressive digitization of materials and tools for teaching and distance learning of a subject of introduction to Microeconomics (quarterly, in year three of the Degree in Social Work), taught by the authors at the National University of Distance Education (UNED), a virtual assistant in the form of chatbot, or conversational robot, called EconBot, has been designed and made available to students from 2017. This paper presents the reasons that led to its adoption, the process of its development, differentiating two phases, its characteristics and functions, the assessment of its usefulness and the role of teachers in the implementation of this type of technological innovation.
Devolution in the U.S. Welfare Reform: Divergence and Degradation in State Benefits
(Springer, 2022-03-18) Ayala Cañón, Luis; Bárcena Martín, Elena; Martínez-Vázquez, Jorge; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3141-827X; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6381-7507; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2230-9204
The passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) in 1996 devolved responsibility for the design of welfare programs from the federal to state governments in the U.S. The strategies implemented to achieve some of the main goals of the reform might have had the effects of reducing the protection received by the most vulnerable households and increasing differences in benefit levels across states. We estimate these effects using Temporary Assistance for Needy Families data covering the two decades after the PRWORA’s enactment. We find that inequality levels across states increased and that a general process of degradation in the adequacy of these cash benefits took place ensuing devolution of welfare reform in the U.S.
Different approaches to Spanish e-government: from use to impact
(Elsevier, 2025-02-12) Gijón Tascón, María Covadonga; Fernández Bonilla, Fernando; Ruiz Rua, Aurora
This paper examines the factors that determine the use of e-government services in Spain. It identifies key determinants, including e-services usage synergies, e-trust, e-skills and socio-demographic determinants of e-government use as an outcome of a logit model with national data from 2023. The main results highlight the key role of ICT skills, confidence in technology and the quality of Internet connectivity, revealing significant disparities between socio-economic groups. Meanwhile, it explores the second and third levels of the digital divide, with a special focus on the information and ICT domain and its effective application, analysing the penetration and main uses of e-government in Spain. Policy recommendations call for the enhancement of digital literacy, the fostering of trust in e-government and the improvement of Internet access for vulnerable populations to promote inclusive digital governance.
The dimension, nature and distribution of economic insecurity in European countries: A multidimensional approach
(Elsevier, 2020-09) Cantó, Olga; García Pérez, Carmelo; Romaguera de la Cruz, Marina
Economic insecurity is a key well-being outcome because the anticipation of future economic distress reveals itself as a true threat to current well-being. Insecurity has been shown to affect quality of life and to change an individual’s consumption, fertility, labor supply and even political support decisions to mitigate risk. This paper provides evidence on the dimension, nature and distribution of economic insecurity for 27 European countries during a whole decade by using a multidimensional individual approach that considers both objective and subjective indicators. The young, the less educated and the unemployed living in households with dependent children have significantly higher levels of economic insecurity everywhere. However, insecurity affects the population in the middle class only in some countries but not in others, and the level of insecurity in liberal regimes is more linked to large income losses than elsewhere. The role of objective versus subjective dimensions is larger in post-transition Eastern European regimes than in long-standing capitalist countries.
Does energy poverty influence decarbonisation through electrification of the heating Sector?
(2024-04-19) Burguillo, Mercedes; del Río González, Pablo; Juez Martel, Pedro
Cleaner end-uses of energy, including electrified heating, represent a cornerstone of a decarbonised energy transition. On the other hand, many governments have adopted measures to mitigate energy poverty and facilitate access to modern energy services, including heating. Both objectives may be interrelated, since energy poor people are less likely to use cleaner (and costlier) heating fuels. This paper analyses the impact of energy poverty on the decision to use different heating sources and identifies whether the events of COVID and the Ukraine war have affected this decision. Thus, a multinomial probit model is estimated using information from a large database of Spanish households in 2019, 2021 and 2022. The results show that being energy poor increases the probability to use carbon-intensive energy sources for heating compared to electricity, and that COVID and the war in Ukraine have affected this relationship. The increase in energy poverty over those years has negatively affected the decarbonisation goal with respect to heating choices. The influence of those events on the probability to use electric heating depends on some household and dwelling features. Therefore, mitigating energy poverty increases the welfare of energy poor people while supporting the choice of cleaner heating.
E-commerce in Spain: Determining factors and the importance of the e-trust
(Elsevier, 2022-01-15) Gijón Tascón, María Covadonga; Vega Justribó, Bárbara de la; Fernández Bonilla, Fernando
This paper identifies and estimates the determinants for participating in e-commerce and developing e-trust, as well as the importance of e-trust for e-commerce in Spain. For its analysis, a national survey from 2014 to 2019 is used and the logit model is implemented. It is concluded that the e-trust is a determining factor in e-commerce, and the improvement of equality education helps the growth of online commerce and e-trust. In turn, e-trust encourages the use of all digital resources.
Economic insecurity and poverty
(Edward Elgar Publishing, 2023) Cantó, Olga; Romaguera de la Cruz, Marina; Silber, Jacques; Elgar, Edward
Economic insecurity is a relevant dimension of well-being. So far, there are a variety of approaches and methodologies to measure it and empirical results are only available for a limited number of countries. In this chapter we provide an up-to-date review of the literature on the topic discussing the concept and interpreting the main empirical findings, giving some hints about the relationship between economic insecurity and poverty.
Evaluación por los estudiantes a distancia de la experiencia de Aprendizaje-Servicio Virtual desarrollada con el Ayuntamiento de Madrid
(Aranzadi Thomson Reuters, 2022) Acevedo Blanco, Antonio Jesús; González Rabanal, Miryam de la Concepción; González Rabanal, Miryam de la Concepción
an experience of Service-Learning at UNED and its evaluation with a mixed method
(Fundación iS+D para la Investigación Social Avanzada, 2023-04) Acevedo Blanco, Antonio Jesús
This research presents the main results of the Virtual Service-Learning Project (ApSv), carried out by the 2016/16 Teaching Innovation Group of UNED, in collaboration with the General Directorate of Innovation and Social Strategy of the Madrid City Council, during the 2021-22 academic year. The objective of the Project is to obtain management inputs for Family Support Centers, based on the proposal of indicators for their evaluation, carried out by students of Public Management and Planning and Evaluation of Social Services at UNED. The article is divided into three sections. Firstly, the contributions of the literature on ApSv are reviewed. Secondly, the methodology for the development of the Project and its online evaluation is presented, with the main novelty of implementing a mixed quantitative-qualitative method, through questionnaires and Focus groups. Finally, the evaluation results are explained, testing the educational experience and the service that will impact the transfer of knowledge to society. The results allow us to conclude that the students' opinion coincides in both tools and that this mixed system can be used online with total effectiveness in the evaluation of ApS
Una experiencia de Aprendizaje-Servicio con alumnos de la Facultad de Derecho de la UNED
(Universidad de Salamanca, 2021) González Rabanal, Miryam de la Concepción; Márquez, Carmen

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