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Assessment of Attentional Processes in Patients with Anxiety-Depressive Disorders Using Virtual Reality
(MDPI, 2021-12-09) Camacho Conde, José Antonio; Legarra, Leire; Bolinches, Vanesa M.; Cano, Patricia; Guasch, Mónica; Llanos Torres, María; Serret, Vanessa; Mejía, Miguel; Climent, Gema
To characterize the attention deficits in one-hundred-fifteen participants, comprising two types of clinical profiles (affective and anxiety disorder), through a test of continuous VR execution. Method: Three tests (i.e., Nesplora Aquarium, BDI, and STAI) were used to obtain a standardized measure of attention, as well as the existence and severity of depression and anxiety, respectively. Results: Significant differences (CI = 95%) were found between the control group and the group with depression, in variables related to the speed of visual processing (p = 0.008) in the absence of distractors (p = 0.041) and during the first dual execution task (p = 0.011). For scores related to sustained attention, patients with depression and those with anxiety did not differ from controls. Our results suggest attentional deficits in both clinical populations when performing a continuous performance test that involved the participation of the central executive system of working memory.
Assessment of emotional intelligence in adults with down syndrome: Psychometric properties of the Emotional Quotient Inventory
(Public Library of Science, 2020-07-22) Sánchez Teruel, David; Robles Bello, María Auxiliadora; Camacho Conde, José Antonio
Introduction The Emotional Quotient Inventory: Youth version-EQ-i:YV was developed by Bar-On & Parker in 2000 and later translated and adapted for the general Spanish adolescent population by Ferrandiz et al. in 2012. The Spanish scale presents similar psychometric properties to the original version (54 items and five subdimensions). The Emotional Quotient Inventory assesses a set of personal, emotional, and social skills that influence adaptation to and coping with environmental demands and pressures. These factors can influence an adolescent’s success later in life, health, and psychological well-being. Traditionally, research in Down syndrome (DS) has focused on identifying cognitive deficits, relatively little is known about emotional intelligence (EI) and there are no scales that measure EI in people with DS adults. Objectives To validate and analyze the psychometric properties of the scale in the clinical population, specifically in Spanish adults with DS (EQ-i: SVDS). Methods A cross-sectional investigation was carried out in several stages. Descriptive, exploratory factorial (n = 345), confirmatory (n = 397), and scale reliability analyses were performed with better goodness-of-adjustment indices. Results A new scale named Emotional Quotient Inventory: Short Version for DS adults was obtained with a structure of four factors called mood, stress management, interpersonal, and intrapersonal. This new scale was reduced to 25 items. Goodness-of-fit indices were excellent (RMSEA [95% CI] = 02[.01; .03]; CFI = .99; TLI = .98; GFI = .87; AGFI = .89). The internal consistency of the four dimensions and the calculated total score (α = .91, ω = .93 and divided halves = .90) yielded high values in this clinical sample. Discussion The results recommend the use of the revised EQ-i: YV, the EQ-i: SVDS, to assess EI in adults with DS. The psychometric properties of this study are satisfactory but have four factors. The findings are discussed in terms of future research and practical implication to gain a more thorough understanding of how this population behaves on both a general and preventive level in order to teach EI properly. Conclusions This new version is a valid and reliable tool to evaluate emotional intelligence in people with intellectual disabilities and specifically in Spanish adults with DS.
Depression and Cognitive Impairment in Institutionalized Older Adults
(Karger Publishers, 2020-09) Camacho Conde, José Antonio; Galán López, José Manuel
Background: In the last three decades, the relationship between depression and cognition in geriatric patients has been a popular topic among researchers and clinicians. Clinical and epidemiological research has focused on the identification of risk factors that could be modified in pre-dementia syndromes, at a preclinical and early clinical stage of dementia disorders, with specific attention to the role of depression. The objective of this work was to determine the relationship between depressive disorder and cognitive deterioration in institutionalized older adults. Methods: In this descriptive, correlational study, data were gathered from two nursing homes in the province of Jaen (Spain), from a random sample of 140 older adults (70 nondependent and 70 dependent). The variables were measured using comprehensive geriatric assessment, the Cambridge Cognitive Test (CAMCOG), and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Results: Depression was correlated with cognitive level in the nondependent older adult sample (r = –0.471, p = 0.004). Age was inversely associated with the score obtained in the CAMCOG of the nondependent older adult sample (r = –0.352, p = 0.038). The functional capacity in several activities of daily living was correlated with the score obtained in the CAMCOG in each of the two groups. Depression was more prevalent in the dependent than in the nondependent older adults (82.85 vs. 57.14%). No association was observed between institutionalization time and the score obtained on the cognitive and affective scales (GDS and CAMCOG) in both groups (GDS-nondependent, r = –0.209, p = 0.234; CAMCOG-nondependent, r = 0.007, p = 0.967; GDS-dependent, r = 0.251, p = 0.152; CAMCOG-dependent, r = –0.021, p = 0.907). Conclusion: Depressive symptomatology is associated with cognitive deterioration. Depression is prevalent in institutions that care for older, more dependent adults.
Lesiones autoinfligidas en adolescentes y jóvenes: un enfoque longitudinal
(Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos del Principado de Asturias, 2020-02) Sánchez Teruel, David; Robles Bello, María Auxiliadora; Camacho Conde, José Antonio
Antecedentes: el suicidio se ha convertido en un verdadero problema de salud pública mundial en algunas subpoblaciones clínicas. Los adolescentes y adultos jóvenes con lesiones autoinfligidas o autolesiones no suicidas parecen haber sido poco estudiados. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar qué variables sociodemográficas y comorbilidad psicopatológica previa en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes con lesiones autoinfligidas son más propensas a predecir una autolesión futura después de 12 meses. Método: 176 personas (99 mujeres y 77 hombres) de entre 15 y 25 años (media = 20.3; DE = 4.56) divididos en dos grupos: los ingresados nuevamente por lesiones autoinfligidas o autolesiones no suicidas (104; 59,1%) y aquellos que no lo hicieron (72; 40,9%) durante los siguientes 12 meses. Resultados: los resultados ofrecen (i) un perfil sociodemográfico específico caracterizado por mujeres (OR [CI95%] = 6.22 [6.03-7.11]) de 21 a 22 años (OR [CI95%] = 4.71 [4.29-5.73]) y estudiantes (OR [CI95%] = 2.99 [1.58-6.01]) que pueden autoinfligirse una nueva autolesión después de 12 meses, y (ii) un perfil de comorbilidades psicopatológicas previas claras donde varios trastornos son predictores de una nueva autolesión después de 12 meses. Conclusiones: discutimos la urgencia de desarrollar protocolos de salud específicos y mejorar las medidas de alerta de salud pública para ciertas subpoblaciones.
Resilience and the variables that encourage it in young sub-saharan Africans who migrate
(Elsevier) Sánchez Teruel, David; Robles Bello, María Auxiliadora; Camacho Conde, José Antonio
Immigration appears to produce emotional disturbance in some young Sub-Saharans, but a significant proportion also show high levels of resilience, encouraging faster adaptation to the country of destination. However, the most predictive factors that produce high levels of resilience in this population have hardly been studied. Purpose To assess the protective factors that promote resilience in young Sub-Saharan immigrants who have arrived in Spain as undocumented minors. Methods Three hundred and twenty-six young Sub-Saharan immigrants were recruited, all males aged 18 and 23 (M = 19.63; SD = 1.13). Participants were divided into two sub-groups according to their level of resilience (high or low) using the 14-item Resilience Scale-RS-14. Sociodemographic, risk and protective variables were assessed in both groups. Results There are important differences between both sub-samples in protective and risk variables. However, the highest positive and negative correlations were similar for both subgroups. In addition, the sociodemographic and protective variables most predictive of high resilience in the subgroup of resilient Sub-Saharan youth were having a job (β = 8.78; CI (95%) = 7.98–9.12; p < .01) and presenting a high level of self-efficacy (β = 7.31; CI (95%) = 6.18–8.12; p < .01), along with other sociodemographic and psychosocial variables less predictive, but also significant. Conclusions Resilience promotes adequate mental health and is considered a possible outcome after suffering adverse situations such as immigration. It is essential to improve the protective factors that minimise the emotional impact of risk factors on these young sub-Saharan immigrants in order to promote resilient and non-psycho-pathological outcomes (anxiety and depression), which could improve the well-being and mental health of this group in the destination country.
The phenomenology of pain in Parkinson’s disease
(The Korean Pain Society, 2020-01-01) Camacho Conde, José Antonio; Campos Arillo, Victor Manuel
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is the second most common disorder after Alzheimer’s disease. PD includes both “motor” and “non-motor” symptoms, one of which is pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of pain in patients with PD. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 250 patients diagnosed with PD, 70% of which had mild to moderate PD (stages 2/3 of Hoehn and Yahr scale). The average age was 67.4 years, and the average duration since PD diagnosis was 7.1 years. Relevant data collected from PD patients were obtained from their personal medical history. Results: The prevalence of pain was found to be high (82%), with most patients (79.2%) relating their pain to PD. Disease duration was correlated with the frequency of intense pain (R: 0.393; P < 0.05). PD pain is most frequently perceived as an electrical current (64%), and two pain varieties were most prevalent (2.60 ± 0.63). Our findings confirm links between pain, its evolution over time, its multi-modal character, the wide variety of symptoms of PD, and the female sex. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that the pain felt by PD patients is mainly felt as an electrical current, which contrasts with other studies where the pain is described as burning and itching. Our classification is innovative because it is based on anatomy, whereas those of other authors were based on syndromes.

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