Actas y comunicaciones de congresos

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Categorización del estado operativo de material rodante ferroviario mediante el uso de clasificadores automáticos
(Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España), Universidad de Concepción - Chile. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-10-22) Junquera Meana, Enrique; Rubio Alonso, Higinio; Bustos Caballero, Alejandro; Soriano Heras, Enrique
En el presente trabajo, se estudiará la aplicación de técnicas de aprendizaje automático a señales vibratorias, obtenidas de un eje ferroviario en un banco de ensayos, mediante el uso de algoritmos de árboles de decisión, para la detección y clasificación de fallos. Una vez seleccionados los hiperparámetros característicos de cada señal, se someten a ensayos de validación por parte de los algoritmos con el objetivo de validar el modelo seleccionado. Finalmente, con el presente trabajo se pretende demostrar que los algoritmos de árboles de decisión son una herramienta válida y eficaz en el análisis de señales vibratorias, tanto para la detección como para la clasificación de fallos, con niveles de eficacia en la clasificación superiores al 95%.
Comparación de los modos de vibración de una viga empotrada utilizando métodos teóricos, experimentales y computacionales
(Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España), Universidad de Concepción - Chile. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-10-22) Calvo López, Francisco; Calvo Percino, Francisco; Rios Rosas, Isai Josue; Pérez Gutiérrez, Enrique; Percino Zacarías, María Judith
En este trabajo de investigación sé realiza una comparación de los resultados obtenidos con el software de SolidWork para el análisis de frecuencias naturales de una viga de ancho de 38 mm espesor de 3 mm y longitud de 400 mm de aluminio 7075-T6, para lo cual es fundamental determinar los primeros 4 modos de vibración, para esto se usaron cuatro diferentes métodos, como; las ecuaciones de Euler-Bernoulli para vigas empotradas, software comercial Ansys, NX 12 y en forma experimental, se observó que el promedio de error entre los resultados de SolidWorks con los teóricos el promedio fue de 0.76 y la desviación estándar de 0.04 con el experimentales fueron del orden de 1.08 y 0.40, mientras que los resultados obtenidos con Ansys fueron 0.42 y 0.02 y NX 12 fueron del orden 0.01 y 0.01, por lo cual se comprobó que el uso del Software de SolidWorks es acto para realizar análisis de vibraciones mecánicas de forma rápida y confiable.
Estudo comparativo da resistência ao desgaste micro-abrasivo dos metais duros WC-Ni-Mo2C e WC-Co
(Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España), Universidad de Concepción - Chile. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-10-22) Calazans Guedes, Alváro Henrique; Otoni Corrêa, Edmilson; Nery Balbino, Nádia Alves
Metais duros com ligante de cobalto dominam o mercado, pois apresentam boas propriedades mecânicas e de desgaste. Entretanto, sua substituição é motivada pelo seu alto custo, alta toxicidade e baixa resistência à corrosão, que em muitas aplicações, acelera o desgaste abrasivo. O níquel é um substituto promissor, porém, resulta em propriedades mecânicas inferiores. Para aprimorar essas propriedades, adição de elementos de liga, como molibdênio, tem sido estudada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar e comparar a resistência ao desgaste microabrasivo dos metais duros WC-Co e WC-Ni-Mo2C. As amostras dos metais duros foram ensaiadas em um mcroabrasômetro Plint TE 66 utilizando uma esfera de aço e lama abrasiva de SiC. A perda de volume das amostras foi o parâmetro utilizado para determinar a resistência ao desgaste microabrasivo. As amostras foram caracterizadas antes e após os ensaios por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura para identificação dos mecanismos de desgaste predominantes. O metal duro WC-Ni-Mo2C apresentou microestrutura semelhante ao WC-Co, porém, observaram-se poros e ilhas de ligante. Os ensaios de microabrasão mostraram que o metal duro WC-Ni-Mo2C, apesar do maior percentual de porosidade, apresentou resistência ao desgaste microabrasivo similar ao metal duro WC-Co indicando que a adição de Mo2C contribuiu significativamente para o aumento da resistência ao desgaste deste metal duro. Este resultado mostra também a viabilidade de utilização do metal duro WC-NiMo2C como susbstituto do WC-Co em aplicações envolvendo desgaste abrasivo.
Evaluation of Audiovisual Guides for Laboratory Classes in Hydraulic Machinery Courses of Distance Learning Engineering Programs
(Springer, 2023-06-11) Zanzi, Claudio; Gómez del Pino, Pablo Joaquín; Hernández Rodríguez, Julio; Pedrero Moya, José Ignacio; García Prada, Juan Carlos; Castejon, Cristina; Pedrero Moya, José Ignacio
In this work, audiovisual guides for laboratory classes on hydraulic machinery in distance learning engineering programs are developed and evaluated. The aim of these guides, which can be viewed directly within the virtual classroom via computer, tablet or mobile phone, is to provide students with an accurate knowledge of the tasks they will have to perform and of the equipment they will handle during the laboratory classes, in order to make the best possible use of the available time during the lab sessions. A key aspect in the development of the guides was to achieve a final format with a relative small size and, at the same time, a reasonable good image and sound quality. In addition, the guide is intended to provide the learner with the highest possible degree of self-sufficiency. The efficiency of the guides is assessed by means of the results of questionnaires answered by students before starting the laboratory classes and by analyzing the development of the lab sessions.
Experimental measurements of the exposure to exhaled contaminants from different breathing modes
(SIY Indoor Air Information Oy, 2018) Berlanga Cañete, Félix Antonio; Olmedo, Inés; Ruiz de Adana, M.; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1527-658X; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7890-7505
This experimental study analyses the contaminants exposure of a health worker (HW) to the contaminants exhaled by a lying patient (P) inside a hospital room using breathing thermal manikins. The two possible exhalation ways of P, though the nose (N) or through the mouth (M) are considered while HW always inhales through its nose. In addition, two different respiration functions are tested for P breathing, one corresponding to a 1,8 m height and 80 kg weight male (H) and another corresponding to a 1,5 m height and 50 kg weight female (L). The room is ventilated using a mixing ventilation strategy with 6 ACH as ventilation rate. A tracer gas (R134A) is used to surrogate the contaminants emitted through P exhalation, being the only source of contaminants inside the room. Using field measurements data, the value of contaminant exposure (𝑒𝐻𝑊𝑐) and the intake fraction (𝐼𝐹) are obtained together with the peak concentration intensity and frequency as the indices to compare the different experimental combinations. Results are intended to be extrapolated, considering the limitations, to the possible exposition of HW to the pathogens released by P exhalation.
Fabricación aditiva FFF de materiales compuestos reforzados con fibra de carbono bioinspirados
(Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España), Universidad de Concepción - Chile. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-10-22) Izquierdo-Martín, Carlos; Maamri, Saber; Aguado-Ferreira, Leticia; Bautista-Pérez, Jorge; Hernández-García, María Elena; Guzmán de Villoria, Roberto
En este estudio se utilizó la bioinspiración en la estructura pared de ladrillo del nácar para solucionar la problemática del fallo catastrófico de los materiales compuestos de matriz polimérica reforzados con fibra de carbono continua (CFRP). Esta estructura ha sido implementada con éxito en CFRP termoestable a través de procesos manuales y automáticos, confirmando que su fallo catastrófico puede evitarse a través de esta estructura bioinspirada. En CFRP termoplástico es necesario desarrollar otros métodos de fabricación y por ello, esta investigación busca aprovechar dicha estructura en dicho material termoplástico a través de la fabricación aditiva. Para ello, se fabricaron y caracterizaron dos tipos de probetas determinando que existe una relación entre el espesor por capa utilizado y la resistencia a cortadura de la muestra. En cuanto al material bioinspirado, se ha demostrado el potencial de la fabricación aditiva para producir estos materiales.
Influence of continuous assessment test methodology on the learning of basic mechanical physics knowledge
(Springer, Cham, 2023-06-11) Berlanga Cañete, Félix Antonio; Vallejo Desviat, M del Carmen; Borrego Nadal, José Luis; García Prada, Juan Carlos
Two different methodologies are analysed for the implementation of continuous assessment tests in “Physics I” subject, which is taught for the intro-duction to mechanical physics, taught through the distance learning methodol-ogy. The results of the evaluation using the two methodologies in two different courses are analysed and the opinion of the students and the Mentor-Professors (MP) of the subject is analysed through the realization of surveys. One method-ology (M1) is based on the asynchronous completion of a series of exercises re-lated to the contents of the course. The other (M2) is based on the synchronous completion of online forms in which answers must be given to theoretical and practical questions about the contents of the course. The results show that there is a discordance between the methodology that gives the best results in terms of evaluation (M1) and the one preferred by the MP and students of the subject (M2).
Influence of the air renovation rate on the risk of cross infections in a hospital room with a combined radiant and mixing ventilation system
(Department of Civil Engineering, Aalborg University, 2016) Berlanga Cañete, Félix Antonio; Olmedo, Inés; Ruiz de Adana, M.; Peci, F.; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1527-658X; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7890-7505
This study aims to test how mixing ventilation combined with a hydronic radiant floor system performs removing airborne exhaled contaminants using two different air renovation rates. The two selected renovation rates are 2 ACH and 7.5 ACH. Temperature and velocity probes are used to evaluate temperature and velocity profiles in the room. A tracer gas (CO2) is used to measure the risk of cross infection between two breathing thermal manikins. One of the manikins (P) represents a lying person over a horizontal surface and its breathing represents the only source of contaminants into the chamber. The other one (HW) represents a standing person near P. The concentration of exhaled contaminants reaching its breathing zone is studied. Temperature and air velocity profiles show that a nearly completely air stability situation is reached at the occupied zone. This stability is influenced by the air renovation rate performed. Tracer gas measurement results show a similar distribution of exhaled contaminants but with some discrepancies for both tests conducted. A higher tracer gas concentration reaches the nearby zone of HW manikin when the air renovation rate is increased from 2 to 7.5 ACH. This can lead to a higher cross infection rate. The obtained results suggest that that a higher ventilation rate not necessary leads to a decrease of the airborne cross infection risk for the occupants in an enclosed area.
Influência da Baixa Temperatura de Recozimento na Evolução da Microestrutura da Liga Ni53Ti47 com Memória de Forma
(Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España), Universidad de Concepción - Chile. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica. , 2024-10-22) Marinho Corrêa, Bianca; Domingues Dias, Matheus; Santos de Assis, Camila; Santos, Cláudio; Deus Filho, João de; Castro da Silva, Tadeu
As ligas NiTi quase equiatômicas (ou Nitinol) apresentam comportamento de memória de forma, superelasticidade, alta resistência, excelente resistência à corrosão e biocompatibilidade. Uma amostra experimental de liga NiTi foi submetida a recozimento em diferentes temperaturas, variando de 350°C a 650°C. Foram estudadas as propriedades microestruturais, térmicas e mecânicas antes e depois do tratamento térmico. A influência do tratamento térmico de recozimento em baixas temperaturas na microestrutura do Ni53Ti47 foi investigada. Os resultados mostraram que o tratamento de recozimento levou a mudanças na morfologia da microestrutura. Além disso, as temperaturas de transformação martensítica Ms e Af tendem a aumentar com o aumento da temperatura de recozimento. A fase R é apresentada nos corpos de prova considerando a faixa de 350°C a 550°C, com solubilização completa a 650°C. Estas alterações foram acompanhadas por uma diminuição gradual da dureza e um aumento do tamanho do grão com o aumento da temperatura de recozimento.
Installing Opaque Ventilated Facades for Energy Saving in Old Buildings
(Department of Civil Engineering, Aalborg University, 2016) Peci, Fernando; Ruiz de Adana, M.; Comino, Francisco; Berlanga Cañete, Félix Antonio; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7890-7505
Many buildings erected more than about thirty years ago lack of an effective facade insulation. Some of them can be seen in old residential neighborhoods, with parts of their concrete structures exposed to outdoor air and sunlight, single pane windows, thermal bridges, etc. Renovation of these facades leads to energy savings and more comfortable and healthy indoor air conditions. An opaque ventilated facade (OVF) is an easy and economic system to reduce heating energy consumption. The main objective of this paper was to obtain the reduction in heating demand in the winter season using OVF’s modules. Another objective was to determine the best location in terms of climate variables to install an OVF system. In order to achieve these objectives, the thermal loads of a building with and without an opaque ventilated facade system were simulated for 12 locations in a European country in the winter season. Energy saving in the winter were found to be positive for all the locations, and the best locations to install an OVF were found to be the southern regions and the coastal areas, which were the ones with the highest levels of solar radiation. It was also found that locations with lower solar radiation levels had lower heating demand values when their temperatures levels were high and/or the average wind speed levels were low.
A New Pitch Angle Adaptive Control Design
(IEEE, 2014-06-26) Viúdez Moreiras. Daniel; Martín, Isaias; Martín Sánchez, Juan M.
This paper presents a new pitch angle adaptive control design based on the pitch rate following of a desired trajectory that ensures closed loop satisfactory performance. The pitch rate is under adaptive predictive (AP) control, as previously seen in the literature, but its desired trajectory is produced by a guidance block within a global guidance system structure that ensures automatic pitch angle closed loop performance. Additionally, the guidance block presented in this paper allows satisfactory operation of the automatic pilot in a range of high control frequencies suitable for this kind of application, overcoming stability problems that may arise within these high frequencies by direct application of a pitch angle AP controller. Experimental results obtained by flying a simulated aircraft illustrate comparatively the guidance system performance, and show the robustness of the new design with aerodynamic disturbances.
Realidad aumentada para mejorar la enseñanza en ingeniería mecánica
(2024-10-22) Pàmies-Vilà, Rosa; Puig-Ortiz, Joan; Jordi Nebot, Lluïsa; Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España), Universidad de Concepción - Chile. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica
El aprendizaje de asignaturas de ingeniería mecánica requiere una visión espacial sólida para comprender el movimiento y funcionamiento de los mecanismos. Tradicionalmente, esta competencia se ha adquirido mediante maquetas didácticas que suelen presentar limitaciones de coste y disponibilidad. Este estudio presenta la implementación de una aplicación móvil de Realidad Aumentada (RA) para mejorar la enseñanza de la asignatura Teoría de Máquinas y Mecanismos en la UPC. La aplicación, desarrollada con Unity, permite interactuar con modelos 3D de los mecanismos mediante dispositivos móviles. La metodología incluye: desarrollo de modelos CAD 3D, implementación de escenas para cada mecanismo, creación de iconos representativos para RA e integración de funcionalidades interactivas mediante scripts personalizados. Se evalúa la efectividad de la aplicación mediante reuniones con el profesorado y encuestas al alumnado. Los resultados muestran alta satisfacción con la aplicación, destacando mejoras en la comprensión, la facilidad de uso y la flexibilidad para revisar las prácticas.
Test embargo
(2024) Lovelace, Ada

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Examinando Actas y comunicaciones de congresos por Centro "Facultades y escuelas::E.T.S. de Ingenieros Industriales"

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