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Publicación Estructuras de conservación y distribución de vino en la domus de las Columnas Rojas de Sisapo-La Bienvenida (Almodóvar del Campo, Ciudad Real)(Museu de Badalona, 2024) Pina Burón, María Rosa; Zarzalejos Prieto, María del Mar; Esteban Borrajo, Germán; Hevia Gómez, PatriciaThe domus of the Red Columns is a peristyle house built in the central area of the ancient town of Sisapo-La Bienvenida. In its first layout, dated at the beginning of the 1st century AD, a part of the north wing was intended for a craft use, as can be deduced from the architecture of room 4/7, large in size and provided with a cocciopesto floor with a number of negative structures carved on its surface whose function was difficult to ascertain in the absence of further archaeological evidence of any kind. The latest research carried out in this space, based on the 3D virtual recreation and the analysis of organic waste from the construction material, have allowed us to deepen its functional analysis and to propose an interpretative hypothesis for the set of dependencies located in this part of the domus corresponding to the original project (augustan-tiberian period), in relation to the storage and aging of wine for its possible retail sale.Publicación Supporting growers with recommendations in redvides: some human aspects involved(Springer Nature, 2014-10-10) Santos, Olga C.; Salmeron Majadas, Sergio; González Boticario, JesúsThis paper discusses some human aspects that are to be considered when designing recommendations for RedVides, a cloud based networking environment that collects the status of the crop with sensors and can take decisions through corresponding actuators. The goal behind is to support growers in decision making processes, which can be benefited from collaborations among growers and with other stakeholders.Publicación Comparison of physiological data acquisition for modeling of drivers in autonomous vehicles(Springer Nature, 2025-04-24) Fernandez Matellan, Raul; Puertas Ramírez, David; Martín Gómez, David; González Boticario, JesúsHumans can undergo rapid emotional changes and these changes can significantly affect their ability to perform tasks. Consequently, when we develop Human-Centred Symbiotic Artificial Intelligence (HCSAI) systems to support the interaction between autonomous systems and drivers, the intelligent system controlling the vehicle must adapt to the state of the user. This symbiotic relationship highlights the importance of collaboration and cooperation between humans and agents of artificial intelligence (AI). In the field of Autonomous Vehicles (AV), measurements must be made using non-invasive devices that do not interfere with the driving task. We have therefore used wristbands to measure physiological signals. This comparison is used to select the right equipment for setting up user modelling in different levels of autonomous vehicles. We compared the accuracy, precision and ease of use of three different wristbands: Fitbit Sense2, Empatica E4 and Emotibit. We tested the performance of the bands in two different driving scenarios: SAE Level 4 environment using autonomous golf carts (iCab), and a real-world SAE Level 2 driving environment in Scotland using a Toyota Prius equipped with Comma OpenPilot technology. The Fitbit Sense2 does not allow researchers to access raw data. The Emotibit and the Empatica E4 are designed for research, so they provide access to raw data, while the Empatica E4 is easier to use than the Emotibit. The comparison calls for the development of open source codes that will facilitate integration with different operating systems and other devices, as well as an easy way to use the devices in real time.Publicación Towards multimodal affective detection in educational systems through mining emotional data sources(Springer Nature, 2015) Salmeron Majadas, Sergio; Santos, Olga C.; González Boticario, JesúsThis paper introduces the work being carried out in an ongoing PhD research focused on the detection of the learners’ affective states by combining different available sources (from physiological sensors to keystroke analysis). Different data mining algorithms and data labeling techniques have been used generating 735 prediction models. Results so far show that predictive models on affective state detection from multimodal-based approaches provide better accuracy rates than single-based.Publicación Fusion of physiological signals for modeling driver awareness levels in conditional autonomous vehicles using semi-supervised learning(IEEE, 2024-10-11) Fernandez Matellan, Raul; Puertas Ramírez, David; Martín Gómez, David; González Boticario, JesúsThe evolution of autonomous vehicles (AVs) requires a paradigm shift towards the integration of human factors to improve safety and efficiency at levels 2,3 and 4 of automation. This paper presents a comparison of three different fusion technologies (Low-Level fusion, Medium-Level fusion, and a hybrid fusion), highlighting the critical role of multimodal data integration and semi-supervised learning in predicting and adapting to levels of driver awareness. Our approach uses semi-supervised learning to deal with the data labelling problem, using unlabelled data to train an autoencoder and sparsely labelled data to train a 4-state classifier. Our model facilitates the fusion of data from different physiological signals, including skin electrodermal activity, heart rate, body temperature and acceleration. Using real driving data, the Medium-Level fusion approach gives the best performance, achieving 84% accuracy in predicting situations where the user may not be aware enough to take control of the vehicle. This research highlights the essential nature of fusion technologies to create adaptive and user-centred AV systems.Publicación BIG-AFF: Exploring low cost and low intrusive infrastructures for affective computing in secondary schools(ACM, 2017-07-09) González Boticario, Jesús; Santos, Olga C.; Cabestrero Alonso, Raúl; Quirós Expósito, Pilar; Salmeron Majadas, Sergio; Uría Rivas, Raúl; Arevalillo Herráez, Miguel; Ferri, Francesc J.Recent research has provided solid evidence that emotions strongly affect motivation and engagement, and hence play an important role in learning. In BIG-AFF project, we build on the hypothesis that ``it is possible to provide learners with a personalised support that enriches their learning process and experience by using low intrusive (and low cost) devices to capture affective multimodal data that include cognitive, behavioural and physiological information''. In order to deal with the affect management complete cycle, thus covering affect detection, modelling and feedback, there is lack of standards and consolidated methodologies. Being our goal to develop realistic affect-aware learning environments, we are exploring different approaches on how these can be supported by either by traditional non-intrusive interaction sources or low intrusive and inexpensive sensing devices. In this work we describe the main issues involved in two user studies carried out with high school learners, highlight some open problems that arose when designing the corresponding experimental settings. In particular, the studies involved varied nature of information sources and each focused on one of the approaches. Our experience reflects the need to develop an extensive knowledge about the organization of this type of experiences that consider user-centric development and evaluation methodologies.Publicación Eliciting affective recommendations to support distance learning students(Springer Nature, 2013) Manjarrés Riesco, Ángeles; Santos, Olga C.Affective support can be provided through personalized recommendations integrated within learning management systems (LMS). We have applied the TORMES user centered engineering approach to involve educators in a recommendation elicitation process in a distance learning (DL) context.Publicación Inclusive personalized e-Learning based on affective adaptive support(Springer Nature, 2013) Salmeron Majadas, Sergio; Santos, Olga C.; González Boticario, JesúsEmotions and learning are closely related. In the PhD research presented in this paper, that relation has to be taken advantage of. With this aim, within the framework of affective computing, the main goal proposed is modeling learner’s affective state in order to support adaptive features and provide an inclusive personalized e-learning experience. At the first stage of this research, emotion detection is the principal issue to cope with. A multimodal approach has been proposed, so gathering data from diverse sources to feed data mining systems able to supply emotional information is being the current ongoing work. On the next stages, the results of these data mining systems will be used to enhance learner models and based on these, offer a better e-learning experience to improve learner’s results.Publicación Should Conditional Self-Driving Cars Consider the State of the Human Inside the Vehicle?(ACM, 2021-06-22) Puertas Ramírez, David; Serrano Mamolar, Ana; Martín Gómez, David; González Boticario, JesúsAutonomous vehicles with conditional automation are said to be the next step in the development of self-driving cars. The human driver still performs a critical role in them, by taking over the control of the vehicle if prompted. As the technology is still facing pending challenges, the human drivers are also required to be able to detect and react in case of Autonomous Drive System (ADS) malfunctions. Within this context, in this work we argue that to assure safety during autonomous operation the user state should be measured all the time, which is intended to support a ”fallback ready state”. From an in-depth literature review, this article identifies the human factors involved in the aforementioned ”fallback ready state” that affect the personalization of human-vehicle interaction.Publicación Exploring arduino for building educational context-aware recommender systems that deliver affective recommendations in social ubiquitous networking environments(Springer, 2014-10-10) Santos, Olga C.; González Boticario, JesúsOne of the most challenging context features to detect when making recommendations in educational scenarios is the learner’s affective state. Usually, this feature is explicitly gathered from the learner herself through questionnaires or self-reports. In this paper, we analyze if affective recommendations can be produced with a low cost approach using the open source electronics prototyping platform Arduino together with corresponding sensors and actuators. TORMES methodology (which combines user centered design methods and data mining techniques) can support the recommendations elicitation process by identifying new recommendation opportunities in these emerging social ubiquitous networking scenarios.Publicación Challenges for Inclusive Affective Detection in Educational Scenarios(Springer Nature, 2013) Santos, Olga C.; Rodríguez Ascaso, Alejandro; González Boticario, Jesús; Salmeron Majadas, Sergio; Quirós Expósito, Pilar; Cabestrero Alonso, RaúlThere exist diverse challenges for inclusive emotions detection in educational scenarios. In order to gain some insight about the difficulties and limitations of them, we have analyzed requirements, accommodations and tasks that need to be adapted for an experiment where people with different functional profiles have taken part. Adaptations took into consideration logistics, tasks involved and user interaction techniques. The main aim was to verify to what extent the same approach, measurements and technological infrastructure already used in previous experiments were adequate for inducing emotions elicited from the execution of the experiment tasks. In the paper, we discuss the experiment arrangements needed to cope with people with different functional profiles, which include adaptations on the analysis and results. Such analysis was validated in a pilot experiment with 3 visually impaired participants.Publicación Protección de objetivos móviles mediante un enjambre de drones(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidade da Coruña (A Coruña) y el Comité Español de Automática (Barcelona), 2025-09-01) Zaragoza, Salvador; Guinaldo Losada, María; Sánchez Moreno, JoséSe propone una solución C-UAS (Counter-Unmanned Air Systems) alternativa y complementaria a las existentes: el uso de un enjambre de drones defensores. Estos drones adoptan una formación de escudo semiesférico para negar el acceso a UAS hostiles al objetivo protegido. La clave de esta estrategia radica en el diseño de una ley de control distribuida que permite que los drones defensores puedan seguir trayectorias, mantener la posición y orientarse en el espacio preservando en todo momento la forma del escudo en función de la ubicación y velocidad del enjambre hostil y el objetivo a defender. Además, la estrategia propuesta es escalable y adaptable a diferentes tamaños de áreas protegidas, desde pequeñas instalaciones hasta grandes regiones geográficas.Publicación L’allegoria della casalinga in Nascita e morte della massaia di Paola Masino(AdI (Asociación de Italianistas), 2023) Moreno Celeghin, María GraciaSe Elsa Morante è l’unica narratrice inclusa nei canoni letterari della prima metà del Novecento, sono necessari degli studi che difendano la necessità di riscattare dall’oblio l’opera di scrittrici come Paola Masino, un’intellettuale avida di raccontarsi, di esprimersi nei più svariati campi: poesia, narrativa (romanzi e racconti), libretti d’opera e articoli su riviste e giornali, nonché trasmissioni radiofoniche. Nata in una famiglia che la educò nella passione per la musica e la letteratura, autodidatta, coltivò fin dall’adolescenza le inquietudini che la agitavano e le impedivano di vivere una vita prestabilita come moglie, casalinga e madre. Compagna di Massimo Bontempelli, ebbe l’opportunità di allargare i suoi orizzonti grazie ai frequenti viaggi per l’Europa, la collaborazione in riviste da lui dirette e la frequentazione di artisti e intellettuali come Marinetti, Pirandello o De Chirico, nonché la corrispondenza con scrittrici come Ada Negri, Anna Maria Ortese, Sibilla Aleramo o Natalia Ginzburg. Sorvegliata da vicino dal regime fascista, i suoi scritti denunciano la situazione della donna soggiogata dall’uomo. Della sua produzione narrativa, il romanzo Nascita e morte della massaia (1945) spicca per la profonda denuncia delle condizioni della donna del suo tempo, attraverso la fuga della protagonista dalla realtà scialba in cui si trova costretta a vivere lungo un percorso vitale che diventa pura allegoria letteraria.Publicación II Foro Iberoamericano de Educación Social e Inclusión Sociolaboral: “indicadores y buenas prácticas profesionales”(UNED y TABA, 2025-03-05) Pozo Serrano, Francisco José del; Pozo Serrano, Francisco José delEste foro pretende analizar el fenómeno de la exclusión sociolaboral en Iberoamérica y la atención desarrollada desde las/os educadoras/es sociales, especialmente desde los efectos producidos por el COVID- 19 y otras afectaciones globales y locales. Se darán a conocer resultados y experiencias vinculadas con las situaciones prioritarias de exclusión sociolaboral y las principales poblaciones afectadas, los recursos y programas principales de las entidades públicas y privadas para la inserción sociolaboral, la identificación de elementos y factores de protección en los procesos de inserción sociolaboral y su vinculación con la Educación Social, así como indicadores de inserción y propuestas de acción efectivas “buenas prácticas”. Todo ello será analizado desde algunas claves tales como la pobreza, la interculturalidad o la interseccionalidad. Del mismo modo se analizarán situaciones con poblaciones específicas: tránsito a la vida adulta, mujeres o personas migrantes o privadas de libertad. En el Foro participarán entidades y ponentes de España, Portugal, Brasil, Colombia o México.Publicación Factores que afectan a la elección de destino turístico: Una aplicación a las regiones españolas(Asociación Española de Ciencia Regional, 2018-11-21) Muñoz Martínez, César; Álvarez Pinilla, Antonio Maria; Baños Pino, Jose FranciscoEsta investigación trata de contribuir al entendimiento de los determinantes que influyen en la distribución de los movimientos turísticos interiores en España. Se desarrolla un modelo gravitacional que vincula los flujos bilaterales regionales con las condiciones climatológicas, específicamente con la diferencia de precipitaciones entre los destinos y los mercados emisores de la demanda turística.Publicación A hybrid temporal-magnitude based sampling for Event-Based Control(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2025-03-25) Miguel Escrig, Oscar; Sánchez Moreno, José; Romero Pérez, Julio Ariel; Dormido Bencomo, SebastiánIn the current industrial environment, which is shifting towards an event-based control prone paradigm, sampling strategies in use must be revisited. Both temporal and magnitude dependent sampling strategies have been demonstrated to be suitable for control systems, reporting benefits in different categories. However, these sampling strategies also present some drawbacks, discussed in this contribution. Aiming to address some of these drawbacks, a new sampling strategy is proposed gathering characteristics of both predecessors.Publicación Error dependent sampling to reduce transient events in event-based control(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2025-03-25) Miguel Escrig, Oscar; Romero Pérez, Julio Ariel; Sánchez Moreno, José; Dormido Bencomo, SebastiánOne of the objectives of event-based control is the reduction of generated events to perform an appropriate process control. Among the event generation techniques used to this end, those quantifying the error signal can be found more frequently for its simplicity of implementation. However, they entail a drawback in the form of trade-off between event generation and performance. Aiming to reduce the number of events, specifically in the transient response, without degrading the performance, an error dependent sampling scheme is studied in this work.Publicación A vision-based strategy to segment and localize ancient symbols written in stone(Springer, 2017-12-21) Duque Domingo, Jaime; Herrera Caro, Pedro Javier; Cerrada Somolinos, Carlos; Cerrada Somolinos, José Antonio; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6649-5550; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-6617; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8591-6581; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5492-5293This work proposes an automatic method to detect ancient symbols written in stone. The proposed method takes into account well-known techniques used in computer vision to identify the contour of the symbols in the image. The two-stage method consists of segmentation and localization processes. Segmentation process includes a pre-processing step, edge detection and thresholding. Localization process is based on two conditions that take into account several parameters, like the distance between points, and the orientation and the continuity of the edges. This proposal has been applied to localize Egyptian cartouches (borders enclosing the name of a king) and stonemason’s marks from images obtained under varying lighting conditions (controlled and natural lighting). The proposed method is compared favorably against other methods based on chain coding, neural networks and statistical correlation. The promising results give new possibilities to identify and recognize complex symbols and ancient texts.Publicación Anomaly Detection in Smart Rural IoT Systems(Springer, 2025-06) Fernández Morales, Enrique; Tobarra Abad, María de los Llanos; Robles Gómez, Antonio; Pastor Vargas, Rafael; Vidal Balboa, Pedro; Sarraipa, JoaoThe main contribution of this work is based on the presentation of new AI models for the detection of attacks, within IoT systems using an extensive and complete dataset. In this context, we evaluate not only the performance of the models in terms of detection of attacks, but also their resource consumption, such as the time needed to analyze a sample, the consumption of computing cycles to analyze a sample, as well as the hard disk usage to store the AI models. Its application is oriented to the context of IoT systems in rural environments, where devices deployed in these environments usually have strong restrictions on these resources. Our results indicate that the OPTIMIST-LSTM model offers the best balance between accuracy and generalization, whereas XAI-IoT stands out for its computational efficiency, making them the most suitable for implementation in IoT infrastructures with limited resources.Publicación Privacy Analysis in Mobile Apps and Social Networks Using AI Techniques(IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2024-09-17) Blanco Aza, Daniel; Robles Gómez, Antonio; Pastor Vargas, Rafael; Tobarra Abad, María de los Llanos; Vidal Balboa, Pedro; Méndez Suárez, MarianoIn the current landscape of mobile applications and social networks, privacy concerns have become paramount due to the extensive collection and processing of personal data. Therefore, this paper presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art on automated privacy risk analysis in mobile applications and social networks. This review includes various methodologies, tools and frameworks that use ML and NLP systems to assess and ensure compliance with privacy regulations, such as the GDPR. Through a careful application of the PRISMA methodology, key studies have been systematically analyzed. Our findings reveal significant progress in the integration of automated techniques for assessing privacy risks.