Repositorio DSpace :: Examinando por Autor "Moreno Salinas, David"

Examinando por Autor "Moreno Salinas, David"

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Adaptive sensor networks for mobile target localization and tracking
(Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España). Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática. Departamento de Informática y Automática, 2013-06-24) Moreno Salinas, David; Aranda Almansa, Joaquín; Pascoal, Antonio M.
An energy efficient fault-tolerant controller for homing of underactuated AUVs
(Elsevier, 2024) Pascoal, António; Chaos García, Dictino; Moreno Salinas, David; Aranda Almansa, Joaquín; Cerrada Collado, Cristina
In the event of a failure that will prevent an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) from executing a specified task, the vehicle must be recovered safely to avoid further damage to itself or to other vehicles/agents in the neighbourhood. Motivated by this operational requirement, this work presents an optimal fault-tolerant controller to drive an underactuated AUV to a recovery point (so-called automatic homing manoeuvre). The case of a critical failure that leaves only one of two stern thrusters available to drive it to the desired recovery area is considered. The control law proposed relies on the use of a Fourier series-based strategy to compute the control action as a function of the relative orientation of the vehicle with respect to the target recovery point. Energy consumption is also considered in the proposed control law, so that an appropriate trade-off can be achieved between reaching the destination faster and reducing the energy consumed as a function of mission requirements and vehicle specifications. The stability and convergence of the proposed scheme are demonstrated analytically, a comparison with MPC scheme is shown and simulation examples illustrate how the control law effectively drives the vehicle to a neighbourhood of the desired target point even in the presence of unknown constant currents.
Applying Design Thinking to Enhance Programming Education in Vocational and Compulsory Secondary Schools
(MDPI, 2023-11-29) Díaz Lauzurica, Belkis; Moreno Salinas, David
A proper and complete formation in technology (science, communications, programming, robotics, Computational Thinking, etc.) must be imparted at all educational levels for a lifelong education. However, students may lose motivation or interest due to the complexity and abstraction of some of the concepts imparted. In line with this, the work at hand looks to improve the interest and commitment of students by presenting the programming concepts and contents in a practical way. The teaching–learning process is based on the development of projects about robotics, which are adapted for courses and groups of different educational levels. The Design Thinking methodology is used to impart the content. This methodology allows the students to experiment, design and test different solutions for a given problem, increasing their motivation and interest, promoting creativity, and making the students conscious of their learning process. Two different projects are considered, a simulated one based on a sensor network to localise and track a robot in a closed area for vocational education students, and an experimental one about constructing a robot with several capabilities using Lego Mindstorms for compulsory secondary education students. The results obtained over three different groups of students are analysed and compared, and show that the methodology and projects selected can be adopted and adapted for different educational levels, increasing the proficiency of the students, their development, motivation and self-learning despite the difficulty and complexity of some concepts related to computer science.
Composición fotográfica mediante el uso de un dron
(Comité Español de Automática, 2024-07-15) Sánchez García, Juan Miguel; Sánchez Moreno, José; Moreno Salinas, David
La composición fotográfica, conocida como mosaicos, es crucial en aplicaciones donde no es posible capturar toda la extensión de grandes superficies en una sola toma. Por ende, se requiere fotografiar secciones más pequeñas para luego componerlas y lograr una reproducción lo más precisa posible de la realidad. En este trabajo se presenta el resultado de aplicar los principios de las distintas etapas necesarias para crear un mosaico, complementado con el uso de un dron para la captura de las imágenes. La creación del mosaico implica técnicas avanzadas de procesamiento de imágenes que facilitan la detección de características, la transformación geométrica y la alineación de píxeles. Sin embargo, la experimentación con diferentes algoritmos ha revelado que no siempre es viable encontrar una transformación geométrica que produzca un mosaico de calidad, especialmente cuando las características de la fotografía no son óptimas, lo cual puede ser atribuible, en parte, a la resolución de los dispositivos fotográficos utilizados.
Computational Thinking and Robotics: A Teaching Experience in Compulsory Secondary Education with Students with High Degree of Apathy and Demotivation
(MDPI, 2019-09-18) Díaz Lauzurica, Belkis; Moreno Salinas, David
In present and future society, all individuals must be able to face the problems, risks, advantages and opportunities that will arrive with new paradigms in the labour market, social relations and technology. To reach this goal, a quality and inclusive education together with a proper and complete formation in technology (communications, robotics, programming, computational thinking (CT), etc.) must be imparted at all educational levels. Moreover, all individuals should have the same opportunities to develop their skills and knowledge, as stated in Goal 4 of the Sustainable Development Goals, Sustainable Education. Following this trend, in the present work, a practical experience about how to teach CT using robotics is developed, showing the results and evaluation of the lessons on robotics taught to students in their 4th year of compulsory secondary education, and where the students showed a high degree of apathy and demotivation. The teaching unit was based on an action research approach that includes a careful selection of pedagogical techniques and instruments to attract and keep the attention and interest of the students. In addition to the robotics lessons, a previous computational thinking training with Blockly Games was carried out, which contributed to noticeably increase the students motivation and to introduce them to the programming of robots. Moreover, gamification was used to motivate and evaluate the individual knowledge, and the students were required to present the work performed through a final project. The individual needs of the students were fulfilled with a daily monitoring. The results show that the pedagogical techniques, instruments and evaluation were adequate to increase the motivation of the students and to obtain a significant learning, showing how the teaching of CT may attract students that have lost interest and motivation, while providing them with abilities that will be essential for the learning throughout life.
A cost-effective design for a mid-range microcontroller-based lock-in amplifier
(Elsevier, 2025-03) Horcas, Ignacio; Moreno Salinas, David; Sánchez Moreno, José
Lock-in amplifiers are instruments widely used in physics and engineering laboratories, whose invention goes back to the 1940s. Due to the late electronic developments, the former analog implementations have been replaced with digital versions, mainly based on FPGAs (field-programmable gate arrays). The present work, exploiting the last advances in the microcontrollers field, consists in the development of a functional prototype of a low-cost lock-in amplifier based on a microcontroller with similar specifications to mid-range commercial amplifiers. The performance of the prototype has been tested and compared with commercial devices, showing a similar performance in common use cases at a much reduced cost.
Design and Development of an SVM-Powered Underwater Acoustic Modem
(MDPI, 2024-05-05) Guerrero Chilaber, Gabriel S.; Moreno Salinas, David; Sánchez Moreno, José; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9959-0250
Underwater acoustic communication is fraught with challenges, including signal distortion, noise, and interferences unique to aquatic environments. This study aimed to advance the field by developing a novel underwater modem system that utilizes machine learning for signal classification, enhancing the reliability and clarity of underwater transmissions. This research introduced a system architecture incorporating a Lattice Semiconductors FPGA for signal modulation and a half-pipe waveguide to emulate the underwater environment. For signal classification, support vector machines (SVMs) were leveraged with the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) employed for feature extraction from acoustic signals. Comparative analysis with traditional signal processing techniques highlighted the efficacy of the CWT in this context. The experiments and tests carried out with the system demonstrated superior performance in classifying modulated signals under simulated underwater conditions, with the SVM providing a robust classification despite the presence of noise. The use of the CWT for feature extraction significantly enhanced the model’s accuracy, eliminating the need for further dimensionality reduction. Therefore, the integration of machine learning with advanced signal processing techniques presents a promising research line for overcoming the complexities of underwater acoustic communication. The findings underscore the potential of data mining methodologies to improve signal clarity and transmission reliability in aquatic environments.
Fault-Tolerant Control for AUVs Using a Single Thruster
(IEEE, 2022-02) Chaos García, Dictino; Moreno Salinas, David; Aranda Almansa, Joaquín
The present paper presents a fault-tolerant control for an AUV in the presence of a critical failure in the actuators that may require an emergency operation to recover it or to drive it to a safe point. In this context, the control scheme proposed deals with a single thruster in operational conditions to command the vehicle towards a desired direction and reach a safe target point. In addition, the AUV is commanded with only two control actions on the available thruster, driving the vehicle through the desired direction following a spiral-like path and keeping it within the neighbourhood of the target point. The fault-tolerant control proposed is simple and robust enough to be applied to multiple kinds of AUVs without the need of accurate parameter design. The stability and well performance of the control scheme proposed is analytically demonstrated, and simulation examples illustrate the key results derived.
Full Real-Time Positioning and Attitude System Based on GNSS-RTK Technology
(MDPI, 2020-11-20) Olivart i Llop, J. M.; Moreno Salinas, David; Sánchez Moreno, José
An accurate positioning and attitude computation of vehicles, robots, or even persons is of the utmost importance and critical for the success of many operations in multiple commercial, industrial, and research areas. However, most of these positioning and attitude systems rely on inertial measurement units that must be periodically recalibrated and have a high cost. In the present work, the design of a real-time positioning and attitude system using three positioning sensors based on the GNSS-RTK technology is presented. This kind of system does not need recalibration, and it allows one to define the attitude of a solid by only computing the position of the system in the global reference system and the three angles that the relative positions of the GNSS antennas define with respect to the principal axes of the solid. The position and attitude can be computed in real time for both static and dynamic scenarios. The only limitation of the system is that the antennas need to be in open air to work at full performance and accuracy. All the design phases are covered in the prototype construction: requirement definition, hardware selection, software design, assembly, and validation. The feasibility and performance of the system were tested in both static and dynamic real scenarios.
Hands Stencils in El Castillo Cave (Puente Viesgo, Cantabria, Spain). An Interdisciplinary Study.
(Cambridge University Press, 2021-10-11) Ripoll López, Sergio; Bayarri Cayón, Vicente; Muñoz Ibáñez, Francisco Javier; Ortega, Ricardo; Castillo, Elena; Latova, José; Herrera, Jesús; Moreno Salinas, David; Martín, Ignacio; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3656-7995
Our Palaeolithic ancestors did not make good representations of themselves on the rocky surfaces of caves and barring certain exceptions – such as the case of La Marche (found on small slabs of stone or plaquettes) or the Cueva de Ambrosio – the few known examples can only be referred to as anthropomorphs. As such, only hand stencils give us a real picture of the people who came before us. Hand stencils and imprints provide us with a large amount of information that allows us to approach not only their physical appearance but also to infer less tangible details, such as the preferential use of one hand over the other (i.e., handedness). Both new and/or mature technologies as well as digital processing of images, computers with the ability to process very high resolution images, and a more extensive knowledge of the Palaeolithic figures all help us to analyse thoroughly the hands in El Castillo cave. The interdisciplinary study presented here contributes many novel developments based on real data, representing a major step forward in knowledge about our predecessors.
Homing and docking of autonomous underwater vehicles
(Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España). Escuela Internacional de Doctorado. Programa de Doctorado en Ingeniería de Sistemas y Control, 2025) Cerrada Collado, Cristina; Moreno Salinas, David; Chaos García, Dictino
Low-Cost Portable System for Measurement and Representation of 3D Kinematic Parameters in Sport Monitoring: Discus Throwing as a Case Study
(MDPI, 2022-12-02) Navarro Iribarne, Juan Francisco; Moreno Salinas, David; Sánchez Moreno, José; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6994-3064
Monitoring of sports practice has become an almost essential tool in high-level professional training. The knowledge of the exact movements performed by an athlete provides a great advantage over conventional training, since the best performance can be theoretically known in advance and the trainer will expect the real athlete’s movements to approximate it. Following this trend, this article deals with the design and development of a low-cost wearable biofeedback system for the measurement and representation of kinematic parameters in 3D. To capture the athlete’s movements, an inertial measurement unit (IMU) is used, whose data are processed in an microcontroller-based architecture. The kinematic parameters of the athlete’s movement are sent via Bluetooth to a smart phone, where they are displayed graphically. Experimental examples show the effectiveness of the device developed and illustrate the key results derived.
Modeling personality language use with small semantic vector subspaces
(Elsevier, 2024-12-14) Jorge Botana, Guillermo de; Martínez Mingo, Alejandro; Olmos, Ricardo; Martínez Huertas, José Ángel; Moreno Salinas, David
Modelling of a surface marine vehicle with kernel ridge regression confidence machine
(Elsevier, 2018-12-27) Moreno Salinas, David; Moreno, Raul; Pereira, Augusto; Aranda Almansa, Joaquín; Cruz, Jesus M. de la
This paper describes the use of Kernel Ridge Regression (KRR) and Kernel Ridge Regression Confidence Machine (KRRCM) for black box identification of a surface marine vehicle. Data for training and test have been obtained from several manoeuvres typically used for marine system identification. Thus, a 20/20 degrees Zig-Zag, a 10/10 degrees Zig-Zag, and different evolution circles have been employed for the computation and validation of the model. Results show that the application of conformal prediction provides an accurate model that reproduces with large accuracy the actual behaviour of the ship with confidence margins that ensure that the model response is within these margins, making it a suitable tool for system identification.
Multiple autonomous surface vehicle motion planning for cooperative range-based underwater target localization
(Elsevier, 2018-12-03) Crasta, N.; Moreno Salinas, David; Pascoal, A.M.; Aranda Almansa, Joaquín
Range-based target localization is an important class of problems that arise in an increasing number of scientific and commercial missions at sea. Underwater target localization refers to the task of estimating the positions of fixed or moving underwater targets by using range measurements between the targets and one or more autonomous surface vehicles (ASVs), called trackers, undergoing trajectories that are known in real time. In this context, the trackers must execute sufficiently exciting maneuvers so as to maximize the range-based information available for multiple target localization. In this paper, adopting an estimation theoretical setting, we first propose a general methodology for tracker motion planning that results from maximizing the determinant of an appropriately defined Fisher information matrix (FIM) subject to inter-vehicle collision avoidance and vehicle maneuvering constraints. Then, for the single-target single-tracker problem (which is the dual problem of the classical single-beacon navigation problem), we provide a family of analytical solutions for the optimal tracker trajectories and complement the results with a practical experiment using a tracker when the target undergoes trajectories that are straight lines, pieces of arcs, or a combination thereof. In the methodology adopted for system implementation the tracker runs three key algorithms simultaneously, over a sliding time window: (i) tracker motion planning, (ii) tracker motion control, and (iii) target motion estimation based on range data acquired on-line. In order to simplify the types of trajectories that the tracker must undergo in the single target localization problem, we extend the above set-up to the case where the tracker works in cooperation with another vehicle, called companion, that can also measure ranges to the target and share this info with the tracker. The latter may have access to the position of the companion or, in some cases, only to the range between the two vehicles. We consider three different operating scenarios where the motion of the tracker is chosen so as to increase the accuracy with which the position of the target can be estimated. The scenarios reflect the situations where the motion of the companion vehicle satisfies one of three conditions: (i) the motion is not defined a priori and can also be optimized, (ii) the motion is fixed a priori and is known to the tracker (scenario in which the tracker benefits from the extra information acquired by the companion vehicle, which tracks a desired trajectory in the context of a separate, independent mission), and (iii) the motion is not known a priori and must be learned in the course of the mission. Simulation results illustrate the methodology adopted for cooperative target localization.
Optimal control law of an AUV using a single thruster
(Comité Español de Autonomática (CEA-IFAC), 2023) Cerrada Collado, Cristina; Chaos García, Dictino; Moreno Salinas, David; Aranda Almansa, Joaquín
En este artículo se plantea el problema de optimización de una ley de control para minimizar el error cuadrático integral al conducir un AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle, vehículo autónomo submarino) actuado con un único motor desde un punto de partida hasta una zona de recuperación deseada. Así mismo se muestran dos posibles soluciones de control y se discute su implementación en el vehículo. Para la optimización de la ley de control se utilizarán los algoritmos genéticos y se proponen dos soluciones: En la primera se optimiza la ley de control muestreada en función del tiempo. La segunda, por su parte, emplea una acción de control óptima en función de la orientación del vehículo a partir de una ley de control representada mediante una serie de Fourier. El correcto funcionamiento de las soluciones propuestas se demuestra mediante una serie de simulaciones que consideran distintas condiciones y situaciones posibles.
Optimisation of spectrum use by Mode S surveillance systems through coordinated DAP extraction
(IEEE Xplore, 2024-10-17) Ceballos Gutierrez, Javier; Aranda Escolástico, Ernesto; Moreno Salinas, David; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6440-6120
The cooperative surveillance systems used for air traffic management rely completely on air–ground transactions carried out in the 1030/1090 MHz frequency bands to fulfill their surveillance mission. However, these spectrum bands are currently subject to an excessive number of transactions that make difficult the access to the channels and often exceed the reply capabilities of aircraft transponders, which may impact air traffic capacity or even create safety risks. Several mitigation strategies have been studied in recent years to decrease the occupancy of the 1030/1090 MHz bands. Nevertheless, none of the proposed strategies have yet addressed the possibility of decreasing transactions related to downlinked aircraft parameters (DAP) extracted from transponder registers of aircraft. This work proposes and tests a methodology to coordinate the DAP extractions performed by several Mode S systems in order to avoid a high number of unnecessary transactions in the spectrum channels, while keeping the same level of information available at the endpoint of the surveillance chain.
Optimización ley de control para un AUV funcionando con un único motor
(Universidade da Coruña) Cerrada Collado, Cristina; Chaos García, Dictino; Moreno Salinas, David; Aranda Almansa, Joaquín
En este artículo se plantea el problema de optimización de una ley de control para minimizar el error al conducir un AUV actuado con un único motor desde un punto de partida hasta una zona de recuperación deseada. Así mismo se muestran dos posibles soluciones de control y se discute su implementación en el vehículo. La primera utiliza algoritmos genéticos para proporcionar la acción de control óptima en cada instante, es decir, se optimiza la ley de control muestreada en función del tiempo. La segunda, por su parte, emplea los algoritmos genéticos para obtener una acción de control óptima en función de la orientación del vehículo a partir de una ley de control aproximada con una serie de Fourier
Range-based target localization and pursuit with autonomous vehicles: An approach using posterior CRLB and model predictive control
(Elsevier, 2020-08-08) Hung, Nguyen T.; Crasta, Naveen; Moreno Salinas, David; Pascoal, Antonio M.; Johansen , Tor A.
We address the general problem of multiple target localization and pursuit using measurements of the ranges from the targets to a set of autonomous pursuing vehicles, referred to as trackers. We develop a general framework for targets with models exhibiting uncertainty in the initial state, process, and measurement noise. The main objective is to compute optimal motions for the trackers that maximize the range-based information available for target localization and at the same time yield good target pursuit performance. The solution proposed is rooted in an estimation-theoretical setting that involves the computation of an appropriately defined Bayesian Fisher Information Matrix (FIM). The inverse of the latter yields a posterior Cramér–Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) on the covariance of the targets’ state estimation errors that can be possibly achieved with any estimator. Using the FIM, sufficient conditions on the trackers’ motions are derived for the ideal relative geometry between the trackers and the targets for which the range information acquired is maximal. This allows for an intuitive understanding of the types of ideal tracker trajectories. To deal with realistic constraints on the trackers’ motions and the requirement that the trackers pursue the targets, we then propose a model predictive control (MPC) framework for optimal tracker motion generation with a view to maximizing the predicted range information for target localization while taking explicitly into account the trackers’ dynamics, strict constraints on the trackers’ states and inputs, and prior knowledge about the targets’ states. The efficacy of the MPC is assessed in simulation through the help of representative examples motivated by operational scenarios involving single and multiple targets and trackers.
Sistema para la mejora del entrenamiento del lanzamiento de disco
(Comité Español de Automática, 2024-07-15) Moreno Salinas, David; Álvarez, J.; Revuelta, C.; Sánchez Moreno, José
En este trabajo se presenta el estado de desarrollo de un sistema de bajo coste orientado a entrenadores y atletas de alto rendimiento para la mejora de la técnica del lanzamiento de disco. El sistema está basado en el análisis conjunto de la información proporcionada por unidades de medida inerciales (IMU) y una cámara de vídeo. Inicialmente, las IMU se ubican en cinco puntos del cuerpo del lanzador (tobillo izquierdo y derecho, sacro, esternón y muñeca), así como en el interior del disco. La utilidad de las IMU es proporcionar datos de las aceleraciones y de los ángulos de orientación que permitan derivar de forma directa e indirecta ciertos parámetros biomecánicos del atleta durante el lanzamiento (p.e., desfase angular entre el eje de caderas, hombros y disco, velocidades angulares del disco, hombros y cadera, velocidad y ángulos de salida del disco, ángulo de spinning aplicado al disco, etc.), así como identificar las fases temporales que comporta todo lanzamiento y que determinan la calidad de éste, con el objetivo de maximizar la distancia de vuelo del disco. En lo que respecta al vídeo, éste se basa en la utilización de una única cámara para obtener un modelo de alambre 3D del atleta. Para ello, el vídeo se procesa mediante técnicas de aprendizaje profundo que obtienen la secuencia temporal de coordenadas 3D de hasta 23 puntos del cuerpo del atleta. Estos datos, junto con la información de las IMU, permiten mejorar el modelado biomecánico con parámetros como la ubicación del centro de masas del atleta y la evolución del momento angular del disco y del lanzador.

Examinando por Autor "Moreno Salinas, David"

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