Repositorio DSpace :: Examinando por Autor "Carrera, Pilar"

Examinando por Autor "Carrera, Pilar"

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Abstract Construal Level and its Link to Self-Control and to Cross-Situational Consistency in Self-Concept: Predicting Health-Risk Behavioral Intentions
(Cambridge University Press, 2018) Caballero, Amparo; Muñoz, Dolores; Aguilar, Pilar; Carrera, Pilar; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
From a dispositional perspective, we extend the action identification theory (Vallacher & Wegner, 1987) and construal level theory (Trope & Liberman, 2003) to cross-situational consistency of self and self-control. Two studies examined the relationships among the abstract mindset (Vallacher & Wegner, 1989), cross-situational consistency in self-concept (Vignoles et al., 2016), and self-control (Tangney, Baumeister, and Boone 2004). In Study 1, participants (N = 725) characterized by high cross-situational consistency showed more abstraction in their thinking (p < .001, ηp2 = .17). In Study 2 (N = 244) cross-situational consistency and self-control explained 10% of construal level, with self-control being a significant predictor (p < .001). Construal level and cross-situational consistency explained 17% of self-control; both were significant predictors (p < .001). Self-control explained 8% of cross-situational consistency (p < .001). Study 2 showed that participants with higher levels of abstraction, cross-situational consistency, and self-control reported a greater intention to control their future sugar intake (p < .001). Data supported relationships among abstract construal level, cross-situational consistency and self-control.
Abstractness and Messages Describing Consequences Promote Healthier Behavioral Intentions
(Routledge. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018-09-13) Carrera, Pilar; Muñoz, Dolores; Caballero, Amparo; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
Many health-risk behaviors present a self-control conflict in which the short-term outcomes of an action conflict with its long-term consequences. Across three studies, we find that an abstract construal level leads people to focus on long-term rather than short-term consequences when both are described in a message (vs. no message). Studies 1 and 2 explore this hypothesis through a risk behavior (snacking on sugary products), and Study 3 does the same through a health behavior (physical exercise). In Study 1, the Behavioral Identification Form scale is used to measure the construal level as a personal disposition; Studies 2 and 3 use a priming task designed by Freitas, Gollwitzer, and Trope to manipulate the construal level. All these studies show that, under an abstract mindset, people who have read a mixed-outcome message (vs. no message) tend to base their behavioral plans on long-term outcomes. Individually or in small groups (e.g. school class, therapy groups) health messages can be presented along with protocols to change construal level and thus, promote healthier intentions
Abstractness leads people to base their behavioral intentions on desired attitudes
(Elsevier, 2017) Carrera, Pilar; Caballero, Amparo; Muñoz, Dolores; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
People sometimes want attitudes that differ from the ones they currently possess. These desired attitudes appear to be psychologically meaningful, but little is known about the properties of these evaluations. Because desired attitudes are hypothetical constructs (i.e., attitudes that one does not yet possess) and are distant in time (i.e., attitudes one could have in the future), we argued, based on construal level theory, that they should be represented in a relatively abstract manner, and consequently, we examined the implications of this abstractness for the characteristics and impact of desired attitudes. Consistent with this, we demonstrate that people perceive desired attitudes as more invariant across time and context, that desired attitudes are less impacted by changes in low-level features related to the attitude object (Study 1a and 1b) and that desired attitudes have a greater impact on behavioral intentions when people are in an abstract rather than concrete mindset (Studies 2–3). Although we did not make specific predictions regarding actual attitudes, they better predicted behavioral intentions in the concrete mindset (Studies 2–3). This last result should be taken with caution, considering that the level of abstraction shown by actual attitudes in Study 1a was at or slightly above the midpoint of our abstraction index.
Construal level as a moderator of the role of affective and cognitive attitudes in the prediction of health-risk behavioural intentions
(['Wiley', 'The British Psychological Society'], 2014-06-13) Carrera, Pilar; Caballero, Amparo; Muñoz, Dolores; González Iraizoz, Marta; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
In two preliminary control checks it was shown that affective attitudes presented greater abstraction than cognitive attitudes. Three further studies explored how construal level moderated the role of affective and cognitive attitudes in predicting one health-promoting behaviour (exercising) and two risk behaviours (sleep debt and binge drinking). There was a stronger influence of affective attitudes both when participants were in abstract (vs. concrete) mindsets induced by a priming task in Studies 1a and 1b, and when behavioural intentions were formed for the distant (vs. near) future in Study 2. In the case of concrete mindsets, the results were inconclusive; the interaction between construal level and cognitive attitudes was only marginally significant in Study 1b. The present research supports the assertion that in abstract mindsets (vs. concrete mindsets) people use more affective attitudes to construe their behavioural intentions. Practical implications for health promotion are discussed in the framework of construal-level theory.
Developmental changes (14-21 years old) in binge drinking patterns and their explanatory factors
(SAGE Publications, 2014-09-01) Caballero, Amparo; Muñoz, Dolores; Carrera, Pilar; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
Conocer la evolución de los patrones de consumo de alcohol en adolescentes y jóvenes constituye una información relevante para el diseño de programas de prevención. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la evolución de dichos patrones en función de la edad y su papel para explicar dicho comportamiento en el marco de la Teoría de la Conducta Planeada. Trabajando con 273 participantes divididos en tres grupos (estudiantes de 3º de ESO, estudiantes de 4º de ESO y estudiantes universitarios), se constata un aumento con la edad de la frecuencia personal de consumo puntual de alcohol en exceso y una actitud más positiva hacia dicho consumo. Así mismo, los resultados obtenidos al aplicar análisis de ecuaciones estructurales muestran que este comportamiento es explicado por un modelo distinto en cada grupo de edad, de forma que a medida que aumenta la edad de los jóvenes, aumenta el papel de la actitud positiva hacia el comportamiento y del control percibido en la explicación del consumo, disminuyendo el peso de los grupos de referencia. Los resultados también muestran importantes diferencias entre los distintos grupos de edad respecto a los motivos que los jóvenes atribuyen a la realización y no realización de esta conducta.
Diferencias culturales en la expresión verbal y no verbal de las emociones
(Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos del Principado de Asturias, 2000) Carrera, Pilar; Sánchez, Flor; Páez Rovira, Darío; Candia, Luis; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
La investigación que presentamos tiene como objeto analizar la relación entre las dimensiones culturales y la expresión verbal y no verbal de las emociones de alegría, cólera - enfado y tristeza. Los resultados confirman que las culturas asiáticas presentan un sistema de regulación emocional más fuerte o marcado que los otros grupos culturales estudiados. Además, estas sociedades asiáticas presentan menos diferencias de género. La dimensión cultural que mejor predice la baja expresividad verbal y la no expresión verbal emocional es la masculinidad cultural. La expresión emocional en las culturas con alta distancia de poder se caracteriza por el respeto y la deferencia. Asimismo, esta dimensión predice la baja expresión verbal de las emociones negativas. Por otra parte, la evitación de la incertidumbre no está asociada generalmente a la alta expresividad emocional. Finalmente, los datos corroborar que comunicar buenos sentimientos a otras personas es más típico de los países colectivistas y con alta distancia de poder.
Disentangling Emotions during the Coronavirus Outbreak in Spain: Inner Emotions, Descriptive Feeling Rules and Socioemotional Conventions
(Cambridge University Press, 2022-03-09) Caballero, Amparo; Villar, Sergio; Sevillano, Verónica; Gavilán, Pablo; Carrera, Pilar; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
For constructionism, language is the link among different levels of analysis of emotional events, from individual to interpersonal and macrosocial. The interaction among these emotional levels allows us to construe an emotional episode and label it with an emotion word, coordinate with the emotions perceived in others, and represent events as a society. Across two studies, we found similarities and differences among inner emotions experienced (individual level), emotions perceived in others (descriptive feeling rules, interpersonal level) and emotions shared on the internet (socioemotional conventions, macro- social level), with all these emotional targets focused on the COVID–19 outbreak. The results indicate a similarity between the emotional meaning of COVID–19 in society and the descriptive feeling rules, whereas the reported inner emotions were clearly distinct: Joy was irrelevant at the interpersonal and macrosocial levels but clearly important at the individual level. A mismatch also appeared for fear and hope. While fear was the most predominant emotion at the interpersonal and macrosocial levels during most of the phases, it was moderately predominant at the individual level. Hope followed the opposite pattern, being the most relevant emotion at the individual level but less relevant at the interpersonal and macrosocial levels. Each level might have different consequences: Mixed emotions at the individual level might promote resilience; fear perceived in other people might motivate protective behaviors; and sadness socially shared during Christmas might generate greater empathy. These results support the complexity of emotional concepts and the suitability of exploring them at different levels of analysis
Does poverty promote a different and harmful way of thinking? The links between economic scarcity, concrete construal level and risk behaviors
(Springer, 2021-10-15) Caballero, Amparo; Aguilar, Pilar; Muñoz, Dolores; Carrera, Pilar; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
We tested the relationships between economic scarcity, concrete construal level and risk behaviors. We manipulated the lack of economic resources using a priming task in Studies 1 and 2, and participants reported their real income and completed the BIF scale to measure their construal level in Study 3. Studies 1–3 supported the link between perceived economic scarcity and the concrete construal level. Study 4 demonstrated the mediating role played by the concrete construal level in the influence of economic scarcity on risk behaviors using two opposite priming procedures (scarcity plus abstraction). Study 5, in a real context of economic vulnerability, supported the link between concrete mindset and risk behavioral intentions, while abstraction was associated with fewer risk intentions. Concrete thinking implies focusing on the immediate situation, which might facilitate adaptation to the demanding conditions that characterize scarcity contexts but leaves people without a broad perspective of the future to make safe decisions in situations that involve self-control, such as health-risk behaviors. Because an abstract construal level can be induced, these findings open up challenging ways to improve the conditions in which people in scarcity contexts make some behavioral decisions while we continue working to reduce situations of economic scarcity.
Health or wealth? The influence of perceived health and wealth threats and style of thinking on protective behaviours and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain
(Routledge. Taylor & Francis Group, 2022-12-12) Carrera, Pilar; Aguilar, Pilar; Caballero, Amparo; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
En este estudio se explora la influencia que ejercen el estilo de pensamiento y la percepción de amenazas a la salud y a la riqueza en las conductas de protección y en el bienestar de las personas en el contexto de la primera ola de COVID-19 en España. Anticipábamos que un estilo de pensamiento abstracto (frente a uno concreto) estaría relacionado con una mayor adopción de comportamientos de protección y con una sensación de bienestar más alta. Exploramos estas relaciones mediante un cuestionario en línea (N = 1,043) y hallamos que una percepción de mayor gravedad en las amenazas contra la salud y la riqueza y un nivel más elevado de abstracción estaban vinculados con más conductas de protección. Un resultado relevante fue encontrar que, cuando los participantes no se sentían amenazados en exceso, quienes presentaban un pensamiento abstracto mostraban comportamientos más protectores. Por lo que se refiere al bienestar, cuando las personas percibían amenazas más graves, quienes tenían un estilo de pensamiento abstracto expresaban mayor nivel de bienestar. En el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19, nuestra investigación corrobora la idea de que el estilo de pensamiento abstracto es un factor de protección frente a la adversidad, puesto que está relacionado con conductas de protección y con un mayor nivel de bienestar percibido, incluso cuando las personas perciben amenazas graves a su salud y su riqueza.
How verb tense affects the construal of action: The simple past tense leads people into an abstract mindset
(Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 2014) Carrera, Pilar; Muñoz, Dolores; Caballero, Amparo; Albarracín, Dolores; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
Two experiments examined the influence of verb tense on how abstractly people construe action representations. Experiment 1 revealed that written descriptions of several daily events using the simple past tense (vs. simple present tense) resulted in actions and the action’s target being seen as less likely and less familiar, respectively. In Experiment 2 participants wrote about a personal episode of binge drinking (using the simple past tense vs. simple present tense), and the resulting narratives were coded using the Linguistic Category Model (see Semin & Fiedler, 1991). Results revealed that events were described at a more abstract level when texts were written using the simple past tense (vs. simple present tense). The results are discussed in the context of other effects of verb form and in relation to construal level of events.
Interdependent self-construal, competitive attitudes, culture and emotional reactions on sadness
(Psychologia Society, 2008) Carrera, Pilar; Páez Rovira, Darío; Sánchez, Flor; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
Two studies analyzed the relationship between interdependent self-construal, competitive attitudes, emotional expression, coping, and subjective emotional reaction on sadness. This article reports the research carried out in 29 countries. These studies replicate previous research showing that people living in collectivist and high power distance contexts report low verbal expression, and low emotional intensity. Participants sharing collectivist self-construal and competitive attitudes reported more secondary coping (that is, self-modification or suppression reactions). However, only competitive attitudes were related to low verbal emotional expression and low subjective reactions. Participants answered questions related to a typical person and for their personal experience. Results suggest that cultural feelings and display norms can explain the stoical emotional personal style, since actual self-reported and general emotional knowledge patterns were similar. However, the association between coping and subjective reactions was stronger in the personal experience condition, suggesting that internal processes depend on norms less than open verbal behavior.
¡Los deseos importan! Las actitudes deseadas predicen las intenciones de comportamiento en las personas que piensan de modo abstracto: El caso del consumo de alimentos sin sal añadida
(Routledge. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019-05-01) Carrera, Pilar; Muñoz, Dolores; Caballero, Amparo; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
Introducción. La investigación previa muestra que la coherencia en el nivel de constructo entre el estilo de pensamiento de una persona y los predictores mejoraba la fuerza de las predicciones. Puesto que las actitudes deseadas son más abstractas que las reales, esperábamos que aquellas constituyesen mejores predictores de las intenciones de comportamiento en las personas que tienen un estilo de pensamiento abstracto. Objetivo. Para comprobar el efecto de esta correlación entre las actitudes deseadas y el estilo de pensamiento abstracto, medimos el nivel de constructo en términos de tendencia basal personal. Método. Los participantes (N = 105) informaron sobre su experiencia pasada, sus actitudes deseadas y reales sobre comer alimentos sin sal añadida y sus intenciones de comportamiento. Para clasificar a los participantes en un estilo de pensamiento abstracto o concreto, se codificó su primer pensamiento aplicando el modelo de categoría lingüística (LCM). Resultados. El análisis de pendientes simples (simple slopes) reveló un efecto significativo de las actitudes deseadas sobre las intenciones de comportamiento en los participantes con un estilo de pensamiento abstracto. Conclusión. Nuestros resultados corroboran la relevancia de las actitudes deseadas en relación con las predicciones de comportamiento y amplían el papel del nivel de constructo en la predicción y promoción de un comportamiento deseable pero exigente en el marco de las diferencias individuales.
Media consumption for information about Covid-19 during lockdown in Spain: the influence of demographic variables, focus-alertness reaction and emotions
(Routledge. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021-11-01) Caballero, Amparo; Muñoz, Dolores; Carrera, Pilar; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
Esta investigación analiza cómo el sexo, la edad, la respuesta de alerta-focalización y la reacción emocional ante la pandemia influyeron en el consumo de medios para obtener información de la Covid-19 durante el confinamiento en España. Así, se encuestaron 1,981 participantes durante los dos primeros meses, concretamente desde el 13 de marzo al 12 de mayo de 2020. El 71.3% de la muestra eran mujeres y la edad estaba comprendida entre los 18 y los 72 años (M = 35.37; SD = 12.71). Los resultados mostraron que las personas de más edad se decantan por los medios de comunicación más clásicos (e.g., la radio) para estar informados sobre el coronavirus, mientras que los más jóvenes prefirieron las redes de carácter más social (e.g., Instagram). Las mujeres más que los varones eligen medios sociales escritos como el WhatsApp, así como la interacción ‘cara a cara’. Los mejores predictores del consumo de medios para informarse sobre la pandemia fueron la respuesta de alerta-focalización y de emocionalidad negativa ante la Covid-19, a mayor alerta y reacción emocional negativa, mayor consumo de medios. Relevantes, pero en menor grado, fueron la edad y el tiempo de confinamiento, de manera que a mayor edad y tiempo de confinamiento menor consumo de medios.
Prototypical Anger Components: A Multilevel Study
(SAGE, 2014-02-25) Carrera, Pilar; Páez Rovira, Darío; Alonso Arbiol, Itziar; Campos, Miryam; Basabe, Nekane; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
This study explored the effects of psychological and cultural variables on self-reported emotional prototypes of anger. Eight anger components were examined using a multilevel analysis. Competitiveness, interdependence, gender, instrumentality, and expressivity were entered as individual variables, and individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, and the Human Development Index (HDI) were entered as cultural variables. All highlight the importance of considering simultaneously the individual and social levels, with a view to gaining more in-depth knowledge of the emotions. Data were collected among 5,006 college students from 25 countries. Being female, instrumentality, HDI, and the interaction between country-level HDI competitiveness predicted internal processes and behavioral outcomes of anger prototypes. Expressivity, instrumentality, country-level masculinity, and the interaction between gender and country-level masculinity predicted self-control mechanisms of anger prototypes. It is concluded that salient differences in anger prototypes can be found at both individual and country level, and that interaction effects of HDI with individual variables are essential in understanding anger prototypes.
Self-Transcendent Emotions and Their Social Effects: Awe, Elevation and Kama Muta Promote a Human Identification and Motivations to Help Others
(Frontiers Media, 2021-09-13) Pizarro Carrasco, José J.; Basabe, Nekane; Carrera, Pilar; Apodaca, Pedro; Man Ging, Carlos I.; Cusi, Olaia; Páez, Darío; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
Abundant literature shows the effects of negative emotions on motivations to engage in collective action (i.e., to collectively mobilize personal resources to achieve a common objective), as well as their influence on the creation of shared identities. In this proposal, we focus on the possible role of Self-Transcendent Emotions (STEs) defined as positive-valence emotions that have been key in the creation and maintenance of collective identities, as well as in promoting individuals well-being. In detail, we examine their influence in (a) strengthening a global identification, (b) increasing willingness to collectively help others, and (c) improving people’s wellbeing. For this reason, we conducted a preliminary literature review of k = 65 independent studies on the effects of STEs on connection to others. Through this review (fully available in Supplementary Materials), we selected a sample of STEs (Awe, Elevation, and Kama Muta) and elicitors to conduct a video-base study. In it, 1,064 university students from 3 different cultural regions (from Spain and Ecuador) were randomized to answer one of three STE scales (i.e., each measuring one of the selected STEs), and evaluate three videos in random order (i.e., each prototypical for the selected STEs). Participants also answered a measure of global identification and intentions to collectively help others (after each video), as well as self-transcendent and well-being (at the end of the survey). Results from SEM analyses show these STEs motivated a fusion of identity with all humanity, as well as collective intentions to help others, even controlling for individuals’ value orientations. In addition, the three of them indirectly increased participants’ well-being through a higher global identity. While there are differences among them, these three STEs share common elements and their effects are constant across the different cultural regions. It is concluded that Awe, Elevation, and Kama Muta, even individually experienced, have a significant potential to influence people’s behavior. Specifically, in various forms of collective action aimed at helping others.
The Bright Side of Abstraction: Abstractness Promoted More Empathic Concern, a More Positive Emotional Climate, and More Humanity-Esteem After the Paris Terrorist Attacks in 2015
(Frontiers Media, 2020-11-26) Caballero, Amparo; Sevillano, Verónica; Muñoz, Dolores; Oceja, Luis; Carrera, Pilar; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
Antecedents: Previous research on citizens’ reactions after terrorist events has shown that positive reactions can also emerge alongside pain and horror. Positive emotions have been widely associated with an abstract style of thinking. In the context of the Paris terrorist attacks in 2015, we explored Spanish citizens’ positive reactions – empathic concern, positive emotional climate, and esteem for humanity – and examined the relationships of these responses with an abstract (vs. concrete) style of thinking. Method: A longitudinal study was designed involving an online questionnaire that was administered 10 days, 3 weeks, and 2 months after the attacks (N = 253). Results: Empathic concern and personal distress toward Parisians decreased from the weeks following the attacks to 2 months later, with empathic concern always being more intense than personal distress. Emotional climate was perceived as more hostile than positive, although positive feelings persisted. People reported moderately positive esteem for humanity. Individuals with a more abstract style of thinking reported greater empathic concern, a more positive emotional climate, and more esteem for humanity. Conclusions: Our results support and extend previous research showing that abstraction enhances people’s resilience, even under traumatic circumstances such as those surrounding a terrorist attack.
The links among relative financial scarcity, thinking style, fatalism, and well-being
(Wiley, 2022-07-11) Caballero, Amparo; Aguilar, Pilar; Carrera, Pilar; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
In the present research, we examined the links among relative financial scarcity, thinking style, fatalism, and well-being and their roles in predicting protective behaviors against COVID-19. Study 1 (N = 120) revealed that after an experimental manipulation to induce the perception of relative financial scarcity (versus financial abundance), people who perceived higher relative financial scarcity changed their thinking style to a more concrete mindset. In Study 2 (N = 873), the relative financial abundance–scarcity situation was measured, and the results showed that the greater the perceived relative financial scarcity was, the more concrete the mindset and the lower the sense of well-being. Impor- tantly, we found that individuals who felt poorer but maintained an abstract thinking style reported higher well-being. Study 3 (N = 501) examined the influence of a concrete thinking style in people who perceived that their economic situation had worsened with the pandemic. The results showed that when this vulnerable population presented a more concrete mindset, they reported lower well-being, higher fatalism, and lower protective behavior against COVID-19. Thus, maintaining an abstract mindset promotes higher well-being, lower fatalism, and greater protective behaviors against COVID-19, even under economic difficulties. Because thinking style can be modified, our results encourage the development of new social intervention programs to promote an abstract mindset when people face important challenges.
The present projects past behavior into the future while the past projects attitudes into the future: How verb tense moderates predictors of drinking intentions
(Elsevier, 2012-04-13) Carrera, Pilar; Muñoz, Dolores; Caballero, Amparo; Albarracín, Dolores; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
Three studies examined how the use of the present versus the past tense in recalling a past experience influences behavioral intentions. Experiment 1 revealed a stronger influence of past behaviors on drinking intentions when participants self-reported an episode of excessive drinking using the present tense. Correspondingly, there was a stronger influence of attitudes towards excessive drinking when participants self-reported the episode in the past tense. Experiments 2 and 3 liked this effect to changes in construal level (Liberman, Trope, & Stephan, 2007; Trope & Liberman, 2003), with the present tense being similar to a concrete construal level and the past tense being similar to an abstract construal level.
The Relationships between Economic Scarcity, Concrete Mindset and Risk Behavior: A Study of Nicaraguan Adolescents
(MDPI, 2020-05-28) Aguilar, Pilar; Caballero, Amparo; Sevillano, Verónica; Muño, Dolores; Carrera, Pilar; Fernández Sedano, Iciar::virtual::3448::600; Fernández Sedano, Iciar; Fernández Sedano, Iciar; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
Background: Nicaragua is one of the poorest countries in Latin America, with an extremely low human development index (HDI). Fifty-two percent of the Nicaraguan population are children and adolescents under 18 years of age. Nicaraguan adolescents present several risk behaviors (such as teenage pregnancies, consumption of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis). Our study examines the links between risk behaviors, fatalism, real economic scarcity, and concrete construal level for adolescents with low and middle-low socioeconomic status in Nicaragua. Methods: Nicaraguan adolescents (N = 834) from schools located in especially vulnerable areas (low economic status) or in neighborhoods with middle-low social class completed several scales and questions to evaluate fatalism (SFC—social fatalism scale), construal level (BIF) and their past and future risk behaviors (smoking cigarettes, smoking cannabis, unsafe sex, and alcohol consumption). Results: We identified that the poorest individuals who maintained a concrete style of thinking had the highest rates of past and future risk behaviors. This vulnerable group also reported the highest levels of fatalism, i.e., negative attitudes and feelings of helplessness. Encouragingly, the adolescents who were able to maintain an abstract mindset reported healthier past and future habits and lower fatalism, even when they belonged to the lowest social status. In the middle-low economic group, the construal level was not as relevant to maintaining healthy habits, as adolescents reported similar rates of past and future risk behavior at both construal levels. Conclusions: All these results support the importance of considering construal level when studying vulnerable populations and designing risk prevention programs
Using Abstractness to Confront Challenges: How the Abstract Construal Level Increases People’s Willingness to Perform Desirable But Demanding Actions
(American Psychological Association, 2019-09-19) Carrera, Pilar; Muñoz, Dolores; Caballero, Amparo; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
Previous research has shown that while considering future behavioral intentions, desirability is more salient in making decisions in an abstract mindset than in a concrete one. Based on this premise, we test whether behavioral intentions to engage in desirable but difficult actions are more likely in an abstract mindset than a concrete mindset. We experimentally manipulated (Studies 1 through 4 using cognitive primes) and measured as a personal disposition (Study 5 using the Behavioral Identification Form) the construal level to evaluate its influence on the willingness to perform challenges. The behaviors tested focused on self-benefits (Studies 4 and 5) and benefits to others (Studies 1 through 3 and 5). Studies 1 and 2 included only demanding behaviors, whereas Studies 3 through 5 included both difficult and easy conditions. In Studies 1 and 2, the participants were more motivated to attempt a difficult task when they were in an abstract mindset. In Studies 3 through 5, the participants in the abstract (compared to concrete) mindset reported a greater willingness and commitment to attempt desirable but demanding behaviors. Finally, in Study 5, the influence of the construal level on the global behavioral plan index (three behaviors) was moderated by feasibility. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)

Examinando por Autor "Carrera, Pilar"

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