Publicación: Generación de electricidad e hidrógeno a partir de residuos alimentarios y vegetales. Análisis técnico y económico
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2022
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Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica
Resumen
A cidade de Guaratinguetá, Brasil, produz diariamente 104,4 toneladas de RSU, sendo 45,3% sua fração orgânica, e os demais se dividindo entre material reciclável e rejeitos sem aproveitamento. Com este dado e a composição gravimétrica do RSU, este estudo propõe o cálculo do potencial de produção de biogás a partir da digestão anaeróbia da Fração Orgânica do Resíduo Sólido Urbano (FORSU). Tal fração orgânica é composta principalmente de resíduos alimentares, como frutas e hortaliças, bem como papel e papelão, entre outros, sendo um composto apto a ser processado em um biodigestor. Com base em equações conhecidas, foi calculado um potencial de produção de 3.125 Nm3 de biogás por dia, ou 3.603 kg/dia. Considerando a combustão deste gás em uma turbina a gás, calculou-se um potencial de geração de eletricidade de 6,34 MWh/dia. Considerando a utilização da totalidade deste potencial elétrico em um processo de eletrólise da água, foi calculado um potencial de produção de 107,4 kg/dia de hidrogênio eletrolítico. Por fim, é realizada a análise econômica da geração da eletricidade, considerando custos de investimento e manutenção da planta geradora, resultando em um custo de geração da energia elétrica entre 34,68 e 41,16 USD/MWh, dependendo da taxa de juros aplicada. O payback do investimento em geração de eletricidade foi calculado entre os anos 4 e 5, considerando a tarifa elétrica local de 43,98 USD/MWh.
The municipality of Guaratinguetá, located in Brazil, produces 104.4 tons of MSW daily, 45.3% of which is its organic fraction, and the rest is divided between recyclable material and waste without use. With this data and the gravimetric composition of MSW, this study proposes the calculation of the biogas production potential from the anaerobic digestion of the Organic Fraction of Urban Solid Waste (OFMSW). This organic fraction is mainly composed of food residues, such as fruits and vegetables, as well as paper and cardboard, among others, being a compound able to be processed in a biodigester. Based on known equations, a production potential of 3,125 Nm3 of biogas per day, or 3,603 kg/day, was calculated. Considering the combustion of this gas in a gas turbine, an electricity generation potential of 6.34 MWh/day was calculated. Considering the use of all this electrical potential in a water electrolysis process, a production potential of 107.4 kg/day of electrolytic hydrogen was calculated. Finally, an economic analysis of electricity generation is carried out, considering investment and maintenance costs of the generating plant, resulting in a cost of electricity generation between 34.68 and 41.16 USD/MWh, depending on the interest rate applied. . The payback of the investment in electricity generation was calculated between 3 and 4 years, considering the local electricity tariff of 73.98 USD/MWh.
The municipality of Guaratinguetá, located in Brazil, produces 104.4 tons of MSW daily, 45.3% of which is its organic fraction, and the rest is divided between recyclable material and waste without use. With this data and the gravimetric composition of MSW, this study proposes the calculation of the biogas production potential from the anaerobic digestion of the Organic Fraction of Urban Solid Waste (OFMSW). This organic fraction is mainly composed of food residues, such as fruits and vegetables, as well as paper and cardboard, among others, being a compound able to be processed in a biodigester. Based on known equations, a production potential of 3,125 Nm3 of biogas per day, or 3,603 kg/day, was calculated. Considering the combustion of this gas in a gas turbine, an electricity generation potential of 6.34 MWh/day was calculated. Considering the use of all this electrical potential in a water electrolysis process, a production potential of 107.4 kg/day of electrolytic hydrogen was calculated. Finally, an economic analysis of electricity generation is carried out, considering investment and maintenance costs of the generating plant, resulting in a cost of electricity generation between 34.68 and 41.16 USD/MWh, depending on the interest rate applied. . The payback of the investment in electricity generation was calculated between 3 and 4 years, considering the local electricity tariff of 73.98 USD/MWh.
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Categorías UNESCO
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resíduos sólidos urbanos, hortifrúti, biogás, geração de energía, hidrogênio
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Centro
E.T.S. de Ingenieros Industriales
Departamento
Mecánica