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2025-06-06
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Resumen
En las últimas décadas han proliferado las propuestas que tratan de recuperar el espíritu del ideal cosmopolita ilustrado. Algunas de ellas ven en el cosmopolitismo antiguo, principalmente de corte estoico, un antecedente directo. En el artículo se analizan las distintas versiones que adopta el ideal cosmopolita en la Antigüedad, comenzando por la propuesta realizada por Zenón de Citio en su Politeia. Tres son los autores en los que la terminología estoica canaliza aspiraciones políticas de ámbito universal: Cicerón, Dion de Prusa y Marco Aurelio. A través de estos autores podemos observar dos funciones bien distintas del concepto en la Antigüedad: desde el punto de vista teológico — político, la cosmópolis, entendida como una ciudad ideal formada por dioses y hombres, resulta una consecuencia de la afirmación de un logos providencial y de la constitución racional del mundo; aplicada a una comunidad humana concreta, ofrece una fundamentación a la dominación imperial de Roma sobre el mundo conocido. Dos funciones ajenas e incluso contrarias al ideal cosmopolita ilustrado.
In recent decades there has been a proliferation of proposals that seek to recapture the spirit of the Enlightenment cosmopolitan ideal. Some of them see a direct antecedent in ancient cosmopolitanism, mainly of a Stoic nature. The article analyses the different versions of the cosmopolitan ideal in antiquity, starting with the proposal made by Zeno of Citium in his Politeia. There are three authors in whom Stoic terminology channels political aspirations of a universal scope: Cicero, Dion of Prusa and Marcus Aurelius. Through these authors we can observe two very different functions of the concept in antiquity: from the theological-political point of view, the cosmopolis, understood as an ideal city made up of gods and men, is a consequence of the affirmation of a providential logos and of the rational constitution of the world; applied to a concrete human community, it offers a foundation for the imperial domination of Rome over the known world. Two functions that are alien and even contrary to the enlightened cosmopolitan ideal.
In recent decades there has been a proliferation of proposals that seek to recapture the spirit of the Enlightenment cosmopolitan ideal. Some of them see a direct antecedent in ancient cosmopolitanism, mainly of a Stoic nature. The article analyses the different versions of the cosmopolitan ideal in antiquity, starting with the proposal made by Zeno of Citium in his Politeia. There are three authors in whom Stoic terminology channels political aspirations of a universal scope: Cicero, Dion of Prusa and Marcus Aurelius. Through these authors we can observe two very different functions of the concept in antiquity: from the theological-political point of view, the cosmopolis, understood as an ideal city made up of gods and men, is a consequence of the affirmation of a providential logos and of the rational constitution of the world; applied to a concrete human community, it offers a foundation for the imperial domination of Rome over the known world. Two functions that are alien and even contrary to the enlightened cosmopolitan ideal.
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Palabras clave
Cosmopolitismo, estoicismo, ley racional, philia, societas, cosmopolitanism, stoicism, rational law, philia, societas
Citación
Martínez Fernández, I. (2025) “Humani generis societas: reflexiones sobre el ideal cosmopolita y sus raíces estoicas”. Anales del Seminario de Historia de la Filosofía, 42 (2), 299-309.DOI: https://doi.org/10.5209/ashf.92904
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Facultad de Filosofía
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Filosofía