Publicación: Caracterización analítica de microalgas para su uso en bebidas isotónicas
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2024-03-08
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Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
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Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España). Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento de Ciencias Analíticas
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Las microalgas son microrganismos unicelulares que son capaces de generar biomasa orgánica a partir de CO2 y luz, usando el agua como dador de electrones, oxidándola a O2. Las microalgas son ricas en vitaminas principalmente del grupo B, aminoácidos, ácidos grasos poliinsaturados y ricas sobre todo en compuestos bioactivos como los antioxidantes. El trabajo se centró en cultivar algunas microalgas entre las cuales está la Arthrospira platensis, que es rica en ficocianina. También se han cultivado otras microalgas como Haematococcus pluvialis y Chlorella vulgaris. Además, el trabajo se ha centrado en el estudio de la extracción de la ficocianina y posterior utilización en el desarrollo de formulaciones tanto de nuevos geles como de bebidas isotónicas. La ficocianina se ha extraído por lisis celular por osmosis siendo uno de los métodos menos caros hoy en día. Eso no excluye poder optimizar el método de extracción poniendo en práctica las técnicas verdes como SFE (fluidos supercríticos con CO2) o PLE (fluidos presurizados) o también por ultrasonidos; las cuales son especialmente respetuosas con el medio ambiente. Se ha demostrado la capacidad antioxidante de los extractos obtenidos a través del método de DPPH. Asimismo, se ha evaluado tanto el rendimiento lipídico como la concentración de H. pluvialis, C. vulgaris y A. platensis utilizando el método de Folch, seguido del análisis de la concentración lipídica mediante GC-MS. Utilizando A. platensis y ficocianina se han formulado diversas combinaciones tanto de geles como de bebidas isotónicas, mezclando distintos sabores y concentraciones de azúcares, con el fin de desarrollar una bebida/gel con alta aceptación.
Microalgae are unicellular microorganisms capable of generating organic biomass from CO2 and light, using water as an electron donor and oxidizing it into O2. They are rich in vitamins, primarily from the B group, amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and especially abundant in bioactive compounds such as antioxidants. The focus of the work was on cultivating specific microalgae, including Arthrospira platensis, known for its richness in phycocyanin. Other microalgae like Haematococcus pluvialis and Chlorella vulgaris have also been cultivated. Furthermore, the work has focused on studying the extraction of phycocyanin and its subsequent use in the development of formulations for both new gels and isotonic beverages. Phycocyanin has been extracted through cell lysis by osmosis, considered one of the least expensive methods today. However, it's possible to optimize the extraction method by implementing green techniques such as SFE (Supercritical Fluid Extraction with CO2), PLE (Pressurized Liquid Extraction), or ultrasound, which are particularly environmentally friendly. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts obtained through the DPPH method has been demonstrated. Additionally, the lipid yield and concentration of H. pluvialis, C. vulgaris, and A. platensis were evaluated using the Folch method, followed by lipid concentration analysis through GC-MS. Using A. platensis and phycocyanin, various combinations of gels and isotonic beverages have been formulated, mixing different flavors and sugar concentrations to develop a highly accepted beverage/gel.
Microalgae are unicellular microorganisms capable of generating organic biomass from CO2 and light, using water as an electron donor and oxidizing it into O2. They are rich in vitamins, primarily from the B group, amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and especially abundant in bioactive compounds such as antioxidants. The focus of the work was on cultivating specific microalgae, including Arthrospira platensis, known for its richness in phycocyanin. Other microalgae like Haematococcus pluvialis and Chlorella vulgaris have also been cultivated. Furthermore, the work has focused on studying the extraction of phycocyanin and its subsequent use in the development of formulations for both new gels and isotonic beverages. Phycocyanin has been extracted through cell lysis by osmosis, considered one of the least expensive methods today. However, it's possible to optimize the extraction method by implementing green techniques such as SFE (Supercritical Fluid Extraction with CO2), PLE (Pressurized Liquid Extraction), or ultrasound, which are particularly environmentally friendly. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts obtained through the DPPH method has been demonstrated. Additionally, the lipid yield and concentration of H. pluvialis, C. vulgaris, and A. platensis were evaluated using the Folch method, followed by lipid concentration analysis through GC-MS. Using A. platensis and phycocyanin, various combinations of gels and isotonic beverages have been formulated, mixing different flavors and sugar concentrations to develop a highly accepted beverage/gel.
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Arthrospira platensis, ficocianina, Chlorella vulgaris, Haematococcus pluvialis, lisis celular, HPLC/MS, método Folch, DPPH, formulación, Folch method, formulation
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