Publicación: Efecto de la composición del material sobre las superficies absorbentes en la producción de agua destilada mediante destiladores solares
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2024-10-22
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
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Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España), Universidad de Concepción - Chile. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica
Resumen
Garantizar la disponibilidad del agua y su gestión sostenible es uno de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible impulsados por la ONU. En las zonas rurales y semirrurales, es común que la gente carezca de agua potable. El problema escala a nivel mundial, millones de personas se ven afectadas en su vida diaria por no tener acceso a agua potable, por ejemplo, dos de cada 5 personas no cuentan con una instalación básica para lavarse las manos con agua y jabón. Es esencial desarrollar capacidades en actividades y programas relacionados con el agua como la desalinización y el desarrollo de tecnología y equipos que puedan usarse para proporcionar agua de manera eficiente para diferentes usos humanos. En este trabajo se realizó el estudio del efecto del cambio en la composición del material utilizado en la placa absorbente de un destilador solar. Los destiladores solares son dispositivos diseñados para evaporar el agua, con el fin de obtener agua potable. Existen varios tipos de diseños y configuraciones de destiladores, en este trabajo se utiliza un destilador solar de una sola etapa con una simple tapa de vidrio inclinada 21°. En la parte inferior del destilador solar se encuentra la placa absorbente, la cual tiene la función de absorber la mayor cantidad de energía solar y elevar la temperatura del sistema, provocando la evaporación del agua de manera eficiente. Se utilizaron pigmentos mixtos de óxido de hierro y manganeso. Con base en el volumen de agua destilada producida y la temperatura dentro del destilador solar, se realizó el análisis del efecto del uso de pigmentos absorbentes, los cuales han sido validados como pigmentos con alto valor de absorbancia solar. Los resultados muestran que su absorción solar se traduce en una mayor eficiencia en la producción de agua destilada.
Ensuring the availability of water and its sustainable management is one of the sustainable development goals promoted by the UN. In rural and semi-rural areas, it is common for people to lack drinking water. The problem escalates worldwide, millions of people are affected in their daily lives by not having access to drinking water, for example, two out of 5 people do not have a basic facility to wash their hands with soap and water. It is essential to build capacity in water-related activities and programs such as desalination and the development of technology and equipment that can be used to efficiently provide water for different human uses. In this work, the study of the effect of the change in the composition of the material used in the absorbent plate of a solar distiller was carried out. Solar distillers are devices designed to evaporate water to obtain drinking water. There are several types of distiller designs and configurations, in this work a single-stage solar distiller with a simple 21° inclined glass lid is used. At the bottom of the solar distiller is the absorbent plate, which has the function of absorbing the largest amount of solar energy and raising the temperature of the system, causing the evaporation of water efficiently. Mixed pigments of iron oxide and manganese were used. Based on the volume of distilled water produced and the temperature inside the solar distiller, the analysis of the effect of the use of absorbent pigments, which have been validated as pigments with high solar absorbance value, was carried out. The results show that its solar absorption translates into greater efficiency in the production of distilled water.
Ensuring the availability of water and its sustainable management is one of the sustainable development goals promoted by the UN. In rural and semi-rural areas, it is common for people to lack drinking water. The problem escalates worldwide, millions of people are affected in their daily lives by not having access to drinking water, for example, two out of 5 people do not have a basic facility to wash their hands with soap and water. It is essential to build capacity in water-related activities and programs such as desalination and the development of technology and equipment that can be used to efficiently provide water for different human uses. In this work, the study of the effect of the change in the composition of the material used in the absorbent plate of a solar distiller was carried out. Solar distillers are devices designed to evaporate water to obtain drinking water. There are several types of distiller designs and configurations, in this work a single-stage solar distiller with a simple 21° inclined glass lid is used. At the bottom of the solar distiller is the absorbent plate, which has the function of absorbing the largest amount of solar energy and raising the temperature of the system, causing the evaporation of water efficiently. Mixed pigments of iron oxide and manganese were used. Based on the volume of distilled water produced and the temperature inside the solar distiller, the analysis of the effect of the use of absorbent pigments, which have been validated as pigments with high solar absorbance value, was carried out. The results show that its solar absorption translates into greater efficiency in the production of distilled water.
Descripción
Organizado y patrocinado por: Federación iberoamericana de Ingeniería Mecánica y 'Universidad de Concepción - Chile. Departamento de Mecánica', FeIbIm – FeIbEM
Categorías UNESCO
Palabras clave
destilación solar, absortancia, emitancia, solar still, absorptance, emittance
Citación
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Centro
E.T.S. de Ingenieros Industriales
Departamento
Mecánica