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Occupancy and Air Quality Model for Outdoor Events: A Strategy for Preventing Disease Transmission at Mass Events

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dc.contributor.authorRomero Barriuso, Álvaro
dc.contributor.authorBallesteros González, Jesús Manuel
dc.contributor.authorVillena Escribano, Blasa María
dc.contributor.authorRodríguez Sáiz, Ángel
dc.contributor.authorGonzález Gaya, Cristina
dc.date.accessioned2025-03-03T13:58:44Z
dc.date.available2025-03-03T13:58:44Z
dc.date.issued2025-02-25
dc.descriptionLa versión registrada de este artículo, publicado por primera vez en Buildings, 15(5), 677, está disponible en línea en el sitio web del editor: MDPI; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15050677. The copyrighted version of this article, first published in Buildings, 15(5), 677, is available online at the publisher's website: MDPI; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15050677.
dc.description.abstractThis paper proposes a novel model to determine occupancy density for outdoor events to prevent infectious disease transmission caused by the impossibility of proper dilution of human effluents in the atmosphere. It uses standardization processes to calculate natural ventilation air renewal and establishes theoretical occupancy based on activity and exhaled air percentage, aiming for indoor air quality comparable to the IDA2 standards. The study focuses on mass events in Mostoles (Spain), analyzing street activities and bullring events. It found that above a certain height in the open air, infection risk is low, eliminating capacity limitations. The resulting mathematical expressions can be adapted to different pathogens, ensuring the quality of indoor air conditions through capacity control. The process determines the ventilation required based on physical activity, considering both unrestricted and restricted situations. The relationship between required and available ventilation prevents disease transmission. The method’s effectiveness is demonstrated through comparisons between estimates and environmental measurements during Mostoles events. The maximum outdoor occupancy at ground level to achieve air quality comparable to the IDA2 standards is determined to be 2.36 persons/m2, while to prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 it is determined to be 1.98 persons/m2. In addition, transmission will not occur during mass gatherings in locations over five meters above ground level. In conclusion, this model provides an adaptable tool to prevent the spread of infectious diseases at outdoor events by ensuring adequate air quality through occupancy control.en
dc.description.versionversión publicada
dc.identifier.citationRomero-Barriuso, Á., Ballesteros-Álvarez, J. M., Villena-Escribano, B. M., Rodríguez-Sáiz, Á., & González-Gaya, C. (2025). Occupancy and Air Quality Model for Outdoor Events: A Strategy for Preventing Disease Transmission at Mass Events. Buildings, 15(5), 677. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15050677
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15050677
dc.identifier.issn2075-5309
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14468/26010
dc.journal.issue5
dc.journal.titleBuildings
dc.journal.volume15
dc.language.isoes
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relation.centerFacultades y escuelas::E.T.S. de Ingenieros Industriales
dc.relation.departmentIngeniería de Construcción y Fabricación
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
dc.subject33 Ciencias Tecnológicas
dc.subject.keywordsAir change rateen
dc.subject.keywordspreventing coronavirus spreaden
dc.subject.keywordsventilation flowen
dc.subject.keywordscarbon dioxide volumetric emission rateen
dc.subject.keywordstheoretical occupancy calculationen
dc.subject.keywordscase studyen
dc.titleOccupancy and Air Quality Model for Outdoor Events: A Strategy for Preventing Disease Transmission at Mass Eventsen
dc.typeartículoes
dc.typejournal articleen
dspace.entity.typePublication
relation.isAuthorOfPublication0702bb81-b3f3-44d9-a6f3-dfdd6c3ee5c6
relation.isAuthorOfPublication57e5996c-762d-467d-b2b6-61135c585083
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery0702bb81-b3f3-44d9-a6f3-dfdd6c3ee5c6
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