Publicación: Influencia de aglomerantes en los parámetros cinéticos de la degradación térmica en biomasa densificada
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2024-10-22
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
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Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España), Universidad de Concepción - Chile. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica
Resumen
En el contexto energético actual, la biomasa es una fuente de energía prometedora porque su uso genera bajas emisiones de dióxido de carbono y su naturaleza es renovable. Existen varios procesos para el aprovechamiento de esta fuente de energía, entre los que destacan la combustión, la gasificación y la pirólisis. Sin embargo, el uso de esta biomasa en su estado natural tiene desventajas que reducen la eficiencia térmica de los procesos, debido a las propiedades de las biomasas, como la baja densidad energética y la alta humedad. Para reducir estas desventajas, se han estudiado procesos de densificación energética para producir pellets y briquetas con mejores propiedades; Sin embargo, en la mayoría de los casos, es necesario agregar un agente aglomerante en la biomasa densificada para mejorar la adhesión de las partículas, dichos agentes podrían afectar negativamente el proceso de utilización de energía. Por otro lado, en Colombia la industria de la palma africana es uno de los sectores más representativos de la economía, aportando el 11% del producto interno bruto del sector agropecuario, siendo el aceite de palma crudo y el aceite de semilla de palma los principales productos comerciales de esta industria. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar, mediante análisis termogravimétrico (TGA) y modelamiento de regresión por mínimos cuadrados, el efecto de dos tipos de aglomerantes con dos proporciones determinadas sobre los parámetros cinéticos de la degradación térmica del cuesco de palma densificados comparándolos con los de la biomasa pura.
Para ello, se elaboraron cuatro muestras utilizando el almidón de yuca como aglutinante natural y el acetato de sodio como aglutinante sintético en proporciones, de 5% y 10% para cada caso y los valores encontrados se contrastaban con los de la biomasa sin aglutinante. Los resultados muestran que utilizar almidón de yuca al 10% en las muestras disminuye la energía de activación y aumenta el tiempo de reacción del proceso, mientras que el acetato de sodio en ambas proporciones tiene un bajo impacto en el mismo.
In the current energy context, biomass is a promising energy source because its use generates low carbon dioxide emissions and its nature is renewable. There are several processes for the use of this energy source, among which combustion, gasification, and pyrolysis stand out. However, the use of this biomass in its natural state has disadvantages that reduce the thermal efficiency of the processes, due to the properties of biomasses, such as low energy density and high humidity. To reduce these disadvantages, energy densification processes have been studied to produce pellets and briquettes with better properties; however, in most cases, it is necessary to add a binding agent in the densified biomass to improve the adhesion of the particles, such agents could negatively affect the energy utilization process. On the other hand, in Colombia the oil palm industry is one of the most representative sectors of the economy, contributing 11% of the gross domestic product of the agricultural sector, being crude palm oil and palm kernel oil the main commercial products of this industry, which have several applications in which edible oils, food, cosmetics and biofuels stand out. Parallel to this process, high proportions of palm oil fibers and shells are generated as residues; this is estimated that 40% by weight of a fresh fruit bunch corresponds to these residues, so in recent years alternatives for their utilization have been investigated, being energy utilization an alternative with high potential. The objective of this work was to study, by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and least squares regression modeling, the effect of two types of binders with two determined proportions on the kinetic parameters of thermal degradation of densified palm kernels compared to those of pure biomass. For this purpose, four samples were prepared using cassava starch as natural binder and sodium acetate as synthetic binder in proportions of 5% and 10% for each case and the values found were contrasted with those of the biomass without binder. The results show that using 10% cassava starch in the samples decreases the activation energy and increases the reaction time of the process, while sodium acetate in both proportions has a low impact on it.
In the current energy context, biomass is a promising energy source because its use generates low carbon dioxide emissions and its nature is renewable. There are several processes for the use of this energy source, among which combustion, gasification, and pyrolysis stand out. However, the use of this biomass in its natural state has disadvantages that reduce the thermal efficiency of the processes, due to the properties of biomasses, such as low energy density and high humidity. To reduce these disadvantages, energy densification processes have been studied to produce pellets and briquettes with better properties; however, in most cases, it is necessary to add a binding agent in the densified biomass to improve the adhesion of the particles, such agents could negatively affect the energy utilization process. On the other hand, in Colombia the oil palm industry is one of the most representative sectors of the economy, contributing 11% of the gross domestic product of the agricultural sector, being crude palm oil and palm kernel oil the main commercial products of this industry, which have several applications in which edible oils, food, cosmetics and biofuels stand out. Parallel to this process, high proportions of palm oil fibers and shells are generated as residues; this is estimated that 40% by weight of a fresh fruit bunch corresponds to these residues, so in recent years alternatives for their utilization have been investigated, being energy utilization an alternative with high potential. The objective of this work was to study, by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and least squares regression modeling, the effect of two types of binders with two determined proportions on the kinetic parameters of thermal degradation of densified palm kernels compared to those of pure biomass. For this purpose, four samples were prepared using cassava starch as natural binder and sodium acetate as synthetic binder in proportions of 5% and 10% for each case and the values found were contrasted with those of the biomass without binder. The results show that using 10% cassava starch in the samples decreases the activation energy and increases the reaction time of the process, while sodium acetate in both proportions has a low impact on it.
Descripción
Organizado y patrocinado por: Federación iberoamericana de Ingeniería Mecánica y 'Universidad de Concepción - Chile. Departamento de Mecánica', FeIbIm – FeIbEM
Categorías UNESCO
Palabras clave
Energía, Densificación, Biomasa, Aglomerante, Energy, Densification, Biomass, Binding
Citación
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Centro
E.T.S. de Ingenieros Industriales
Departamento
Mecánica