Publicación: La Guerra Civil en Horcajo de Santiago (Cuenca): la desaparición de un soldado republicano en Valsequillo
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2024-06-11
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Universidad de Educación a Distancia (UNED)
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El 18 de julio de 1936, momento del estallido de la Guerra Civil, en Horcajo de Santiago (Cuenca) se vivieron desmanes y asesinatos de personas de derecha a manos de miembros de la CNT local en connivencia con columnas anarquistas asentadas en Tarancón, que se movían por las comarcas aledañas realizando saqueos, “paseos” y reclutamientos forzosos de hombres como Gabriel Carrascosa Horcajada.
Tras la orden de formación de un ejército profesional, la villa envió a filas las quintas correspondientes a los años 1915 a 1942. Gabriel pasó a engrosar las filas de la 46ª Brigada Mixta, formando parte de la Columna Uribarri o Columna Fantasma que en 1939 fue enviada a Extremadura para llevar a cabo el “Plan P” diseñado por Vicente Rojo. En enero se iniciaron los combates satisfactoriamente. Sin embargo, la contraofensiva nacional recuperó posiciones rápidamente y volvió a tener el control del sector. El 25 de enero de 1939, Gabriel había desaparecido en Valsequillo.
La Ley de Responsabilidades Políticas afectó a las viudas y mujeres de desaparecidos republicanos condenándolas al ostracismo y la pobreza. La esposa de Gabriel, Teresa Ruiz Martínez basó su vida en la supervivencia, al igual que otras mujeres. La llegada en 1980 de la Ley que reconocía los derechos de las viudas de republicanos desaparecidos y fallecidos en el frente supuso un alivio, pues ya pudieron optar a una pensión digna. Hoy en día, muchos de esos hombres continúan en fosas comunes, sin identificar y sin haber tenido un entierro honorable ni un duelo público reconocido como fue el caso de Gabriel.
After July 18, 1936, the moment of the outbreak of the Civil War, in Horcajo de Santiago (Cuenca) witnessed atrocities and murders of right-wing people at the hands of members of the local CNT in connivance with anarchist columns based in Tarancón, which They moved through the surrounding regions carrying out looting, “walks” and forced recruitment of men like Gabriel Carrascosa Horcajada. Following the order to form a professional army, the town sent the corresponding fifths into the ranks between the years 1915 to 1942. Gabriel on the South Front of the Tagus went on to join the ranks of the 42nd Division of the Army, forming part of the Uribarri Column o Ghost Column that in 1939 was sent to Extremadura to carry out “Plan P” designed by Vicente Rojo. This offensive barely lasted the month. The fighting began satisfactorily in January. However, the national counteroffensive quickly recovered positions and regained control of the sector. On January 25, 1939, Gabriel had disappeared in Valsequillo. The Political Responsibilities Law affected the widows and wives of missing Republicans, condemning them to ostracism and poverty. Gabriel's wife, Teresa Ruiz Martínez, based her life on survival, like other women. The arrival in 1980 of the Law that recognized the rights of the widows of Republicans who disappeared and died at the front was a relief, since they were now eligible for a decent pension. Today, many of those missing men remain in common graves, unidentified and without having had a dignified burial or recognized public mourning as is the case of Gabriel.
After July 18, 1936, the moment of the outbreak of the Civil War, in Horcajo de Santiago (Cuenca) witnessed atrocities and murders of right-wing people at the hands of members of the local CNT in connivance with anarchist columns based in Tarancón, which They moved through the surrounding regions carrying out looting, “walks” and forced recruitment of men like Gabriel Carrascosa Horcajada. Following the order to form a professional army, the town sent the corresponding fifths into the ranks between the years 1915 to 1942. Gabriel on the South Front of the Tagus went on to join the ranks of the 42nd Division of the Army, forming part of the Uribarri Column o Ghost Column that in 1939 was sent to Extremadura to carry out “Plan P” designed by Vicente Rojo. This offensive barely lasted the month. The fighting began satisfactorily in January. However, the national counteroffensive quickly recovered positions and regained control of the sector. On January 25, 1939, Gabriel had disappeared in Valsequillo. The Political Responsibilities Law affected the widows and wives of missing Republicans, condemning them to ostracism and poverty. Gabriel's wife, Teresa Ruiz Martínez, based her life on survival, like other women. The arrival in 1980 of the Law that recognized the rights of the widows of Republicans who disappeared and died at the front was a relief, since they were now eligible for a decent pension. Today, many of those missing men remain in common graves, unidentified and without having had a dignified burial or recognized public mourning as is the case of Gabriel.
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Palabras clave
Guerra Civil, CNT, Desmanes, Horcajo de Santiago, Gabriel Carrascosa Horcajada, Voluntarios forzosos, Reemplazos llamados al frente, Ley de Responsabilidades Políticas, Represión de mujeres, Abandono del gobierno, Hambre y pobreza, Teresa Carrascosa Ruiz, Anastasia Isidro Ballesteros, Eusebia Arquero Martínez., Civil war, excesses, Forced volunteers, Replacements called to the front, Law of Political Responsibilities, Repression of women, Abandonment of the government, Hunger and poverty
Citación
Mariscal Carrascosa, M.ª Teresa Evangelina (2024) La Guerra Civil en Horcajo de Santiago (Cuenca): la desaparición de un soldado republicano en Valsequillo. Trabajo Fin de Grado. Universidad de Educación a Distancia (UNED)