Publicación: The offer by the new State. Propaganda and indoctrination of the rebel soldier in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)
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2020-11-27
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
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Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales
Resumen
En los últimos años, la historiografía ha abordado el proceso constructivo del régimen franquista a través del estudio de la experiencia bélica de los combatientes sublevados durante la guerra civil española (1936-1939). Esto ha conducido a dos interpretaciones fundamentales: que la principal función del Ejército fue eminentemente coercitiva, y que el adoctrinamiento estaba subordinado a ella. Consecuentemente, no se dio una experiencia de ideologización significativa entre los combatientes rebeldes. Partiendo de este marco, el artículo busca cuestionar ambas ideas, sosteniendo que sí existió un proceso de ideologización de los soldados sublevados en el que además el Ejército tuvo un papel crucial, lo que permite reconsiderar la relevancia de sus políticas de adoctrinamiento. A través de un análisis de la documentación militar referida a estas políticas, tanto a nivel general como descendiendo a casos divisionales específicos, e incorporando también la perspectiva de los propios combatientes a través de sus diarios de guerra, se ahondará en las formas y temas de dicha propaganda, argumentando que fue la vía pragmática, más que la ideológica, la que favoreció la atracción de los combatientes hacia el nuevo Estado. Un enfoque que permitiría entender cómo se construyeron los apoyos sociales a la dictadura entre el colectivo de los excombatientes, y en general en el conjunto de la sociedad española.
In recent years, historiography has addressed the building process of the Francoist regime through the analysis of the war experience of Rebel soldiers during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). This has produced two main interpretations: that coercion was the primary role played by the army, being the indoctrination significantly subordinated to it. And, consequently, that a relevant ideologisation experience among Rebel soldiers didn’t take place. From this frame, the article aims to question these two ideas, arguing that there was indeed a process of ideologisation of Rebel soldiers in which, moreover, the army played a crucial role. Therefore, this allows to rethink the importance of the army’s indoctrination policies. By analysing military sources concerning these policies at a general and divisional level, and incorporating soldiers’ perspectives through their war diaries, I will delve into the forms and topics of this propaganda, arguing that the pragmatic approach, more than the ideological one, was ultimately what attracted combatants to the New State. Moreover, this interpretation would allow to understand how social support towards the dictatorship was built among war veterans, and more generally among the whole Spanish society.
In recent years, historiography has addressed the building process of the Francoist regime through the analysis of the war experience of Rebel soldiers during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). This has produced two main interpretations: that coercion was the primary role played by the army, being the indoctrination significantly subordinated to it. And, consequently, that a relevant ideologisation experience among Rebel soldiers didn’t take place. From this frame, the article aims to question these two ideas, arguing that there was indeed a process of ideologisation of Rebel soldiers in which, moreover, the army played a crucial role. Therefore, this allows to rethink the importance of the army’s indoctrination policies. By analysing military sources concerning these policies at a general and divisional level, and incorporating soldiers’ perspectives through their war diaries, I will delve into the forms and topics of this propaganda, arguing that the pragmatic approach, more than the ideological one, was ultimately what attracted combatants to the New State. Moreover, this interpretation would allow to understand how social support towards the dictatorship was built among war veterans, and more generally among the whole Spanish society.
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Combatientes, experiencia bélica, ideologización, Guerra Civil española, apoyos sociales al franquismo, War experience, combatants, indoctrination;, Spanish Civil war, Francoist social support
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Centro
Facultad de Geografía e Historia
Departamento
Prehistoria y Arqueología