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Surface Mechanical Effects ofWildfires on Rocks in Climbing Areas

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dc.contributor.authorYeste Lizán, Pablo
dc.contributor.authorGomez Heras, Miguel
dc.contributor.authorPérez López, Raúl
dc.contributor.authorCarcavilla, Luis
dc.contributor.authorOrtega Becerril, José A.
dc.contributor.authorGarcía Rodríguez, Manuel::virtual::2865::600
dc.contributor.authorGarcía Rodríguez, Manuel
dc.contributor.authorGarcía Rodríguez, Manuel
dc.contributor.authorGarcía Rodríguez, Manuel
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-20T11:18:09Z
dc.date.available2024-05-20T11:18:09Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.description.abstractWildfires are widely recognized as a cause of mechanical damage to rocks. Nevertheless, previous research has neglected how wildfires might impact sport climbing areas. In Spain, two large wildfires affected two climbing areas between 2020 and 2021. This paper addresses the rock mechanical effects of wildfires that could lead to safety issues, such as rock falls, climbing hold deterioration, and climbing anchor damage. In this study, the Non-Destructive Techniques (NDTs) of Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) and Schmidt Hammer (SH) were used, and two types of measurements were carried out: randomized grid measurements and measurements along the climbing routes. Two phenomena were recognized: (a) thermal breakdown and (b) mineralogical changes. The results of using the SH show a relationship between the decrease in the rebound value and the observed mechanical damage. Field observations showed mechanical weathering, such as cracking, spalling, granular disaggregation, and thermochemical weathering with different temperature thresholds. Observed thermochemical reactions included reddening, CaCO3 calcination, rock decomposition, and quartz cracking. The set of changes involves a major rock outcrop transformation and an acceleration of fire-induced weathering processes. Both areas exhibited more effects at the bottom of the wall. Furthermore, in this paper, we explore how iconic climbing routes can be considered a form of cultural heritage and the consequences of their loss.en
dc.description.versionversión publicada
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/fire6020046
dc.identifier.issn2571-6255
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14468/11592
dc.journal.issue46
dc.journal.titleFire
dc.journal.volume6
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relation.centerFacultad de Ciencias
dc.relation.departmentCiencias Analíticas
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
dc.subject.keywordswildfires
dc.subject.keywordsrock weathering
dc.subject.keywordshazards
dc.subject.keywordsrisk perception
dc.subject.keywordsrock hardness
dc.subject.keywordsultrasound pulse velocity
dc.subject.keywordssport climbing
dc.titleSurface Mechanical Effects ofWildfires on Rocks in Climbing Areases
dc.typejournal articleen
dc.typeartículoes
dspace.entity.typePublication
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