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The protective effect of agency on victims of humiliation

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dc.contributor.authorHalperin, Eran
dc.contributor.authorChas Villar, Alexandra
dc.contributor.authorSaguy, Tamar
dc.contributor.authorFernández Arregui, Saulo
dc.contributor.authorGaviria Stewart, Elena
dc.contributor.authorAgudo de los Placeres, Rut
dc.contributor.authorGonzález del Puerto, José Antonio
dc.date.accessioned2024-06-11T15:15:42Z
dc.date.available2024-06-11T15:15:42Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractHumiliation is a strong negative emotion that arises when a person is forced to internalize an unjust devaluation of the self. Based on theory positing agency as a key factor for self-esteem, we conducted three experiments to investigate whether enhancing the agentic capacity of people facing humiliating situations down-regulated the intensity of the negative emotional experience they felt. More precisely, we tested whether agency, understood as an active behavioral response given by the victims to the perpetrators in potentially humiliating situations, reduced the extent to which the victims internalized a devaluation of the self in those situations and the level of humiliation that they felt. To manipulate agency, we used both an imagined scenario and a realistic setting in which students received a negative evaluation regarding their academic performance and were then encouraged to imagine (Experiment 1) or to actually respond versus not respond to the evaluator (Experiments 2 and 3). In the last two experiments, we additionally manipulated the hostile tone used by the evaluator, resulting in an agency (high vs. low) × hostility (high vs. low) between-subjects design. In all the experiments, we measured the two key appraisals of humiliation (i.e., internalization and injustice), humiliation, shame, and anger. Across the experiments, agency significantly reduced humiliation, and this effect was mediated by the empowering effect that agency had in reducing internalization. Moreover, the results showed that agency affected humiliation in particular, more than shame or anger.en
dc.description.versionversión publicada
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2022.104375
dc.identifier.issn0022-1031
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14468/22455
dc.journal.titleJournal of Experimental Social Psychology
dc.journal.volume102
dc.language.isoes
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relation.centerFacultad de Psicología
dc.relation.departmentPsicología Social y de las Organizaciones
dc.rightsAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
dc.subject.keywordsHumiliation
dc.subject.keywordsAgency
dc.subject.keywordsSelf-concept
dc.subject.keywordsSelf-conscious emotions
dc.subject.keywordsVictims
dc.titleThe protective effect of agency on victims of humiliationes
dc.typeartículoes
dc.typejournal articleen
dspace.entity.typePublication
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relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery91b2ed0c-1b5c-41ab-a78d-3123d4c21e4c
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