Publicación: Caracterización mecánica y térmica de un compuesto a base de celulosa
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2022
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Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica
Resumen
Aislar térmicamente un cuerpo consiste en impedir la transferencia de calor de este con el exterior y evitar así las pérdidas de energía. El mismo principio puede aplicarse también a recintos con la finalidad de conservar dentro de este una temperatura agradable, lo cual puede lograrse mediante aislantes térmicos. Sin embargo, a menudo los aislantes térmicos convencionales que se utilizan son costosos y en su producción generan residuos contaminantes al ambiente. Por esta razón que se han buscado otras alternativas como lo es la fabricación de aislantes a partir de materiales orgánicos desechados, cuya finalidad no solamente recae en preservar la temperatura del espacio, sino que también tenga la resistencia necesaria para que pueda ser incluida dentro de la infraestructura de una edificación. En esta investigación, se ha experimentado la elaboración de estos a partir de papel periódico y cascarilla de arroz como fuente de celulosa; bórax y pegamento. A las muestras obtenidas, les fueron realizadas pruebas de conductividad térmica, ensayos de tensión, compresión y dureza, con lo cual se pudo encontrar que son efectivas en cuanto a la aislación térmica, y además capaces de soportar un esfuerzo de compresión 50.9 y en tensión de 1.60 (MPa). En base a estos resultados, puede deducirse que los materiales reciclados constituyen una opción fiable para la elaboración de estos componentes siendo una opción efectiva para conservar y mantener la energía térmica en un lugar cerrado. Posteriormente, debe evaluarse si la celulosa mantiene en el futuro tanto su resistencia como las propiedades estudiadas.
Thermally insulating a body consists of preventing the transfer of heat from it to the outside and thus avoiding energy losses. The same principle can also be applied to enclosures in order to maintain a comfortable temperature within it, which can be achieved by means of thermal insulation. However, the conventional thermal insulators that are used are often expensive and their production generates polluting waste to the environment. For this reason, other alternatives have been sought, such as the manufacture of beverages from discarded organic materials, whose purpose is not only to preserve the heat of space, but also to have the necessary resistance so that it can be included within the infrastructure of a building. In this investigation, the elaboration of these from newspaper and rice husk as a source of cellulose has been experimented; borax and glue. Thermal conductivity tests, tension, compression and hardness tests were carried out on the samples obtained, with which it was found that they are effective in terms of thermal insulation, and also capable of withstanding a compressive stress of 50.9 MPa and in stress of 1.60 MPa. Based on these results, it can be deduced that recycled materials constitute a reliable option for the elaboration of these components, being an effective option to conserve and maintain thermal energy in a closed place. Subsequently, it must be evaluated whether the cellulose maintains both its resistance and the thermal properties studied in the future.
Thermally insulating a body consists of preventing the transfer of heat from it to the outside and thus avoiding energy losses. The same principle can also be applied to enclosures in order to maintain a comfortable temperature within it, which can be achieved by means of thermal insulation. However, the conventional thermal insulators that are used are often expensive and their production generates polluting waste to the environment. For this reason, other alternatives have been sought, such as the manufacture of beverages from discarded organic materials, whose purpose is not only to preserve the heat of space, but also to have the necessary resistance so that it can be included within the infrastructure of a building. In this investigation, the elaboration of these from newspaper and rice husk as a source of cellulose has been experimented; borax and glue. Thermal conductivity tests, tension, compression and hardness tests were carried out on the samples obtained, with which it was found that they are effective in terms of thermal insulation, and also capable of withstanding a compressive stress of 50.9 MPa and in stress of 1.60 MPa. Based on these results, it can be deduced that recycled materials constitute a reliable option for the elaboration of these components, being an effective option to conserve and maintain thermal energy in a closed place. Subsequently, it must be evaluated whether the cellulose maintains both its resistance and the thermal properties studied in the future.
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propiedades mecánicas, aislante térmico, bórax, cascarilla de arroz, celulosa, resistencia térmica
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Centro
E.T.S. de Ingenieros Industriales
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Mecánica