Publicación: Instrumentos actuales de policía y justicia predictiva en el proceso penal español: análisis crítico y reflexiones de lege ferenda ante aplicaciones futuras
Fecha
2023
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
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Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
Resumen
España tiene una experiencia limitada -quizás por la ausencia de una regulación específica- en la IA para la predicción policial y judicial. No obstante, sí que existen instrumentos muy relevantes que, en una primera sistematización podemos clasificar en aquellos sistemas utilizados actualmente y de un modo generalizado por las Fuerzas y Cuerpos de Seguridad del Estado (FCSE), que son Veripol y Viogen y, en segundo, aquellas iniciativas que bien no gozan de un uso tan generalizado, han sido iniciadas pero posteriormente abandonadas o se ha tratado únicamente de experiencias piloto. Estas son, entre otras, los Sistemas de Predictive Policing (S.I.G), con una fuerte injerencia en los derechos fundamentales de las personas. Del mismo modo, tampoco cuenta con excesivos instrumentos de justicia predictiva, si bien existen algunos que tienen importante incidencia en el proceso y en la ejecución de la pena, cuales son, los sistemas de jurimetría y herramientas como Ris Canvi, utilizada en Cataluña, y en la que se apoyan los jueces de instituciones penitenciarias a la hora de otorgar permisos. En el presente trabajo se pretende analizar críticamente los referidos instrumentos y su incidencia en la justicia penal, así como el encaje de los futuros usos de la inteligencia artificial en nuestra justicia penal desde una perspectiva respetuosa con las garantías procesales pero a su vez, no inmovilista, es decir, teniendo presente las ventajas que ofrece la inteligencia artificial en la aceleración -y, en algún punto, mayor eficiencia- del proceso penal.
Spain has limited experience – perhaps due to the absence of specific regulation – in AI for police prediction. However, there are very relevant instruments that, in a first systematization, we can classify in those systems currently used and in a generalized way by the State Security Forces and Bodies (FCSE), which are Veripol and Viogen and, secondly, those initiatives that do not enjoy such widespread use, have been initiated but subsequently abandoned or have only been pilot experiences. These are, among others, the Predictive Policing Systems (S.I.G), with a strong interference in the fundamental rights of people. In the same way, it does not have excessive predictive justice instruments, although there are some that have an important impact on the process and execution of the sentence, which are the jurimetry systems and tools such as Ris Canvi, used in Catalonia, and in which the judges of penitentiary institutions rely when granting permits. This paper aims to critically analyze the aforementioned instruments and their impact on criminal justice as well as the fit of the future uses of artificial intelligence in our criminal justice from a perspective respectful of procedural guarantees but at the same time, not immobile, that is, bearing in mind the advantages offered by artificial intelligence in acceleration -and, at some point, greater efficiency of the criminal process.
Spain has limited experience – perhaps due to the absence of specific regulation – in AI for police prediction. However, there are very relevant instruments that, in a first systematization, we can classify in those systems currently used and in a generalized way by the State Security Forces and Bodies (FCSE), which are Veripol and Viogen and, secondly, those initiatives that do not enjoy such widespread use, have been initiated but subsequently abandoned or have only been pilot experiences. These are, among others, the Predictive Policing Systems (S.I.G), with a strong interference in the fundamental rights of people. In the same way, it does not have excessive predictive justice instruments, although there are some that have an important impact on the process and execution of the sentence, which are the jurimetry systems and tools such as Ris Canvi, used in Catalonia, and in which the judges of penitentiary institutions rely when granting permits. This paper aims to critically analyze the aforementioned instruments and their impact on criminal justice as well as the fit of the future uses of artificial intelligence in our criminal justice from a perspective respectful of procedural guarantees but at the same time, not immobile, that is, bearing in mind the advantages offered by artificial intelligence in acceleration -and, at some point, greater efficiency of the criminal process.
Descripción
Categorías UNESCO
Palabras clave
inteligencia artificial, policía predictiva, justicia predictiva, proceso penal, artificial Intelligence, predictive policing, predictive justice, criminal procedure
Citación
Centro
Facultad de Derecho
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Derecho Procesal