Publicación: Contribución del tratamiento de shot-peening y el tratamiento térmico en la vida a fatiga de los engranajes
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2022
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Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica
Resumen
Los engranajes son empleados en los sistemas de transmisión de muchos sectores diferentes, como la industria automovilística o aeroespacial, la elevación o la generación de energía. Debido a sus condiciones de trabajo, la fatiga por flexión de los dientes es uno de los modos de fallo más comunes en los engranajes. En este sentido, se suelen aplicar tratamientos de cementado y shot peening para mejorar las propiedades mecánicas de la superficie y, por tanto, la resistencia a la fatiga mecánica de estos componentes. No obstante, la contribución de estos tratamientos se suele tener en cuenta en base a normativas de forma muy conservadora, por lo que su efectividad y potencial no están totalmente contrastados. En este trabajo se evalúa numéricamente la contribución del shot peening y del tratamiento térmico (cementado) en la resistencia a la fatiga de los engranajes, en condiciones de fatiga por flexión de un solo diente (STBF). Se trata de la primera parte de un trabajo más amplio en el que posteriormente se realizará la validación experimental. El caso de estudio elegido es un engranaje de módulo normal 6, fabricado en acero 16MnCr5. Se han analizado cuatro condiciones diferentes: i) sin tratamiento, ii) cementado, iii) sólo con shot peening, y iv) cementado y shot peening. En primer lugar, se ha modelado la aplicación de shot peening en el pie del diente para estimar la evolución del patrón de tensiones residuales generado. De la misma manera se ha procedido con el tratamiento de cementado en la capa superficial del engranaje. Posteriormente, se ha predicho numéricamente la resistencia a la fatiga de los cuatro engranajes considerando las tensiones residuales de cada caso, para diferentes casos de carga y considerando los parámetros de fatiga multiaxial. Finalmente, se ha evaluado la contribución de cada tratamiento a la resistencia del engranaje.
Gears are used in transmission systems in many different industries, such as the automotive or aerospace industry, lifting or power generation. Due to their operating conditions, tooth bending fatigue is one of the most common failure modes in gears. In this regard, case hardening and shot-peening treatments are often applied to improve the mechanical properties of the surface and thus the mechanical fatigue resistance of these components. However, the contribution of these treatments is usually taken into account on the basis of standards in a very conservative way, so that their effectiveness and potential are not fully proven. In this work, the contribution of shot peening and heat treatment (case hardening) to the fatigue resistance of gears under single tooth bending fatigue (STBF) conditions is numerically evaluated. This is the first part of a larger study, which will be followed by experimental validation. The case study chosen is a gear of normal modulus 6, made of 16MnCr5 steel. Four different conditions have been analysed: i) virgin (without any treatment), ii) case-hardened, iii) shot-peened, iv) both case-hardened and shot-peened. Firstly, the application of shot-peening on the tooth foot has been modelled to estimate the evolution of the residual stress pattern generated. The same procedure was used for the cementation treatment on the surface layer of the gear. Subsequently, the fatigue strength of the four gears has been numerically predicted considering the residual stresses of each case, for different load cases and considering the multi-axial fatigue parameters. Finally, the contribution of each treatment to the gear strength has been evaluated
Gears are used in transmission systems in many different industries, such as the automotive or aerospace industry, lifting or power generation. Due to their operating conditions, tooth bending fatigue is one of the most common failure modes in gears. In this regard, case hardening and shot-peening treatments are often applied to improve the mechanical properties of the surface and thus the mechanical fatigue resistance of these components. However, the contribution of these treatments is usually taken into account on the basis of standards in a very conservative way, so that their effectiveness and potential are not fully proven. In this work, the contribution of shot peening and heat treatment (case hardening) to the fatigue resistance of gears under single tooth bending fatigue (STBF) conditions is numerically evaluated. This is the first part of a larger study, which will be followed by experimental validation. The case study chosen is a gear of normal modulus 6, made of 16MnCr5 steel. Four different conditions have been analysed: i) virgin (without any treatment), ii) case-hardened, iii) shot-peened, iv) both case-hardened and shot-peened. Firstly, the application of shot-peening on the tooth foot has been modelled to estimate the evolution of the residual stress pattern generated. The same procedure was used for the cementation treatment on the surface layer of the gear. Subsequently, the fatigue strength of the four gears has been numerically predicted considering the residual stresses of each case, for different load cases and considering the multi-axial fatigue parameters. Finally, the contribution of each treatment to the gear strength has been evaluated
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Categorías UNESCO
Palabras clave
tensiones residuales, HCF multiaxial, engranaje, Shot peening
Citación
Centro
E.T.S. de Ingenieros Industriales
Departamento
Mecánica