Publicación: Evaluación de la emisión de contaminantes atmosféricos derivados de la combustión de diversos tipos de biomasa local en Chile
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2024-10-22
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
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Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España), Universidad de Concepción - Chile. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica
Resumen
Se realizó una evaluación y comparación de las emisiones resultantes de la combustión de diversos pellets de biomasa de árboles comúnmente utilizados en el sur de Chile. El objetivo fue evaluar su impacto ambiental estimando la reducción de contaminantes atmosféricos y efectos energéticos en un artefacto de uso domiciliario.
Para esta investigación se utilizó una estufa de pellets doméstica de 4.4 kW, y se centró en los efectos de la combustión de cuatro especies de árboles y arbustos prevalentes en el sur de Chile: Acacia dealbata, Nothofagus obliqua, Pinus radiata y Ulex europaeus. Evaluando su influencia en las emisiones de material particulado total y factores de emisión de gases de escape, incluyendo CO y NOX. También se evaluaron aspectos relacionados con la potencia térmica, eficiencia y temperaturas en la cámara de combustión y los gases de escape. En comparación con Pino radiata (establecido como 100%), se observaron reducciones significativas en las emisiones de partículas, con Acacia dealbata, Nothofagus obliqua y Ulex europaeus mostrando reducciones del 55%, 69% y 58%, respectivamente. Se observaron reducciones de eficiencia del 16%, 32% y 64% para estas mismas especies, respectivamente. Particularmente destacable fue Acacia dealbata, que no solo demostró una potencia térmica similar a Pinus radiata, sino que también exhibió una notable reducción del 55% en las emisiones de partículas.
Además, Acacia dealbata mostró un rendimiento superior en las estimaciones de emisión de materia particulada, logrando una reducción sustancial del 72% en comparación con el caso base. Sin embargo, también experimentó un aumento del 25% en CO y un sorprendente aumento del 171% en NOX. Estos hallazgos proporcionan una base científica sólida para considerar a Acacia dealbata como un recurso valioso dentro de la matriz energética de Chile.
El estudio enfatiza su potencial para mitigar significativamente los contaminantes atmosféricos, contribuyendo así a una mejora tangible en la calidad del aire y las condiciones ambientales generales en la región.
An evaluation and comparison of the emissions resulting from the combustion of various biomass pellets from trees commonly used in southern Chile was conducted. The objective was to assess their environmental impact by estimating the reduction of atmospheric pollutants and energy effects in a domestic appliance. For this research, a 4.4 kW domestic pellet stove was used, focusing on the combustion effects of four prevalent tree and shrub species in southern Chile: Acacia dealbata, Nothofagus obliqua, Pinus radiata, and Ulex europaeus. The study evaluated their influence on total particulate matter emissions and exhaust gas emission factors, including CO and NOX. Aspects related to thermal power, efficiency, and temperatures in the combustion chamber and exhaust gases were also evaluated. Compared to Pinus radiata (established as 100%), significant reductions in particulate emissions were observed, with Acacia dealbata, Nothofagus obliqua, and Ulex europaeus showing reductions of 55%, 69%, and 58%, respectively. Efficiency reductions of 16%, 32%, and 64% were observed for these same species, respectively. Particularly noteworthy was Acacia dealbata, which not only demonstrated similar thermal power to Pinus radiata but also exhibited a notable 55% reduction in particulate emissions. Additionally, Acacia dealbata showed superior performance in particulate matter emission estimates, achieving a substantial 72% reduction compared to the baseline. However, it also experienced a 25% increase in CO and a surprising 171% increase in NOX. These findings provide a solid scientific basis for considering Acacia dealbata as a valuable resource within Chile's energy matrix. The study emphasizes its potential to significantly mitigate atmospheric pollutants, thereby contributing to a tangible improvement in air quality and overall environmental conditions in the region.
An evaluation and comparison of the emissions resulting from the combustion of various biomass pellets from trees commonly used in southern Chile was conducted. The objective was to assess their environmental impact by estimating the reduction of atmospheric pollutants and energy effects in a domestic appliance. For this research, a 4.4 kW domestic pellet stove was used, focusing on the combustion effects of four prevalent tree and shrub species in southern Chile: Acacia dealbata, Nothofagus obliqua, Pinus radiata, and Ulex europaeus. The study evaluated their influence on total particulate matter emissions and exhaust gas emission factors, including CO and NOX. Aspects related to thermal power, efficiency, and temperatures in the combustion chamber and exhaust gases were also evaluated. Compared to Pinus radiata (established as 100%), significant reductions in particulate emissions were observed, with Acacia dealbata, Nothofagus obliqua, and Ulex europaeus showing reductions of 55%, 69%, and 58%, respectively. Efficiency reductions of 16%, 32%, and 64% were observed for these same species, respectively. Particularly noteworthy was Acacia dealbata, which not only demonstrated similar thermal power to Pinus radiata but also exhibited a notable 55% reduction in particulate emissions. Additionally, Acacia dealbata showed superior performance in particulate matter emission estimates, achieving a substantial 72% reduction compared to the baseline. However, it also experienced a 25% increase in CO and a surprising 171% increase in NOX. These findings provide a solid scientific basis for considering Acacia dealbata as a valuable resource within Chile's energy matrix. The study emphasizes its potential to significantly mitigate atmospheric pollutants, thereby contributing to a tangible improvement in air quality and overall environmental conditions in the region.
Descripción
Organizado y patrocinado por: Federación iberoamericana de Ingeniería Mecánica y Universidad de Concepción - Chile. Departamento de Mecánica, FeIbIm – FeIbEM
Categorías UNESCO
Palabras clave
Pellet de biomasa, emisión de partículas, factor de emisión, combustión de biomasa, calefacción domiciliaria, Pellet biomass fuel, particle emissions, emissions factor, biomass combustion, household heating stove
Citación
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Centro
E.T.S. de Ingenieros Industriales
Departamento
Mecánica