Publicación: Aplicaciones del tratamiento cuántico de la información en medicina
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2020-03-19
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Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España). Facultad de Ciencias
Resumen
Las tecnologías cuánticas han recibido mucha atención durante los últimos años, siendo presentadas como la próxima revolución en nuestras vidas. Su naturaleza, fundamentalmente distinta a la de los sistemas a los que estamos acostumbrados presenta muchos retos, tanto a los investigadores como a los posibles usuarios finales, creando muchas falsas ideas. Presentamos los conceptos básicos para entender los posibles beneficios aplicables en el entorno médico, centrando el análisis en la mejora de dos características: el incremento en capacidad de cálculo gracias al uso de ordenadores cuánticos y a la posibilidad de comunicarse manteniendo la privacidad durante largos periodos de tiempo gracias a la distribución cuántica de clave. La habilidad de procesar rápidamente las grandes cantidades de información involucradas en la era digital es una característica relevante para las aplicaciones médicas. La imagen médica ya es capaz de sintetizar gran cantidad de información proveniente del cuerpo del paciente en datos analizables pour un experto. La reciente relevancia del tratamiento médico personalizado hará que en el futuro próximo los requisitos de cálculo sean más relevantes. Veremos que algunos problemas que actualemente son intratables informáticamente (incluso con un superordenador), pueden tener una solución factible trabajando con la información de manera cuántica. Esto facilitará probablemente el desarrollo de nuevos medicamentos, ya que la interacción de los fármacos con otras moléculas del cuerpo podrá ser simulada de una manera eficiente en un corto espacio de tiempo. Sus efectos sobre el cuerpo del paciente podrían ser simulados en función de la información genética disponible y el registro de tratamientos anteriores. Comentaremos la viabilidad de estas afirmaciones e indicaremos los supuestos necesarios en cada caso. La naturaleza sensible de la información médica requiere el máximo nivel de privacidad a largo plazo. Los ordenadores cuánticos pueden poner en riesgo algunos sistemas de intercambio de clave actuales, pero la información cuántica también nos da la oportunidad de cambiar información de forma segura utilizando las propiedades de la mecánica cuántica. Aunque posible en la práctica, todavía son necesarios ciertos avances tecnológicos y en políticas de seguridad antes de su implantación comercial.
Quantum technologies have received a lot of attention in the recent years, being presented as the next revolutionizing step in our lives. Its fundamentally different nature with respect to previous systems presents many challenges for the researchers developing the technology but also for the potential users, creating many misconceptions. Here we present the basic ideas necessary to understand the possible benefits that can arise in the medical domain, focusing the analysis in the improvement of two aspects: the increase of calculation capabilities by the use of quantum computers and the possibility of long time privacy in the communication of information by the use of quantum key distribution. The ability to process quickly the ever increasing amounts of information of the digital world is a relevant challenge for medical applications. Medical imaging already synthesizes successfully information from the body of the patient to data that can be analysed by an expert. The increasing relevance of personalized medicine will make the calculations requirements more relevant in the near future.We will see that some problems cannot be tackled directly with the current computers (even the so called supercomputers), but they could be tractable treating the information in a quantum mechanical way. This will likely facilitate the synthesis of new drugs, since its interaction with other elements could be efficiently simulated in a relatively short time. The effects over the body of a particular patient could also be simulated depending on genetic information and previous treatment record. We will discuss the feasibility of those claims and indicate the required conditions. The sensitive nature of medical information requires the maximum level of privacy in the long term. Quantum computers can threaten some of the cryptographic schemes that have been used until now, but quantum information also gives us the opportunity to exchange information more securely using the properties of quantum mechanics. Although possible in practice, it still requires technological improvements and the development of new security practices before dynamic commercial deployment.
Quantum technologies have received a lot of attention in the recent years, being presented as the next revolutionizing step in our lives. Its fundamentally different nature with respect to previous systems presents many challenges for the researchers developing the technology but also for the potential users, creating many misconceptions. Here we present the basic ideas necessary to understand the possible benefits that can arise in the medical domain, focusing the analysis in the improvement of two aspects: the increase of calculation capabilities by the use of quantum computers and the possibility of long time privacy in the communication of information by the use of quantum key distribution. The ability to process quickly the ever increasing amounts of information of the digital world is a relevant challenge for medical applications. Medical imaging already synthesizes successfully information from the body of the patient to data that can be analysed by an expert. The increasing relevance of personalized medicine will make the calculations requirements more relevant in the near future.We will see that some problems cannot be tackled directly with the current computers (even the so called supercomputers), but they could be tractable treating the information in a quantum mechanical way. This will likely facilitate the synthesis of new drugs, since its interaction with other elements could be efficiently simulated in a relatively short time. The effects over the body of a particular patient could also be simulated depending on genetic information and previous treatment record. We will discuss the feasibility of those claims and indicate the required conditions. The sensitive nature of medical information requires the maximum level of privacy in the long term. Quantum computers can threaten some of the cryptographic schemes that have been used until now, but quantum information also gives us the opportunity to exchange information more securely using the properties of quantum mechanics. Although possible in practice, it still requires technological improvements and the development of new security practices before dynamic commercial deployment.
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Facultades y escuelas::Facultad de Ciencias
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Física Matemática y de Fluídos