Publicación: Los protagonistas de la Restauración y el reflejo de sus ideologías en el texto de 1876 y en la legislación posterior
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2024-05
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Para abordar adecuadamente el período de la Restauración española a partir de 1875 es conveniente precisar algunos conceptos previos. El manifiesto de Sandhurst y la teoría de la Constitución interna justificaron la elaboración de un nuevo texto. La Monarquía y las Cortes, como instituciones históricas anteriores y superiores al texto escrito, sirvieron de fundamento al edificio constitucional de Cánovas del Castillo. Este principio, que estará presente en todos los problemas capitales de la Constitución de 1876, iba a permitir restaurar la monarquía y crear un nuevo régimen con el apoyo o captación de gran parte de las fuerzas políticas del sexenio revolucionario. El resultado fue un texto flexible y transaccional preparado para que pudieran gobernar con él todos los posibles partidos que aceptaran las bases y principios esenciales del régimen, esto es, del sistema monárquico-constitucional.
El compromiso político de los dos partidos dinásticos de aceptar el turno pacífico en el poder nació viciado por el predominio de la confianza regia y el fraude en los procesos electorales. A pesar de ello, se mantiene un cierto status quo hasta 1902. Las leyes complementarias no constitucionales promulgadas hasta ese momento fueron fiel reflejo de la ideología del gobierno de turno. Los hombres de la Restauración fueron poco sensibles ante el surgimiento de nuevos movimientos políticos y fuerzas sociales en esos primeros años del siglo XX. A partir de aquella fecha, la historia de la Restauración entra en una espiral de desprestigio y descontento, provocando el desgaste y la deformación del propio régimen.
In order to adequately approach the period of the Spanish Restoration from 1875 onwards, it is convenient to specify some previous concepts. The Sandhurst manifesto and the theory of the internal Constitution justified the elaboration of a new text. The Monarchy and the Cortes, as historical institutions prior to and superior to the written text, served as the foundation of Cánovas del Castillo's constitutional edifice. This principle, which would be present in all the main problems of the Constitution of 1876, was to allow the restoration of the monarchy and the creation of a new regime with the support or capture of a large part of the political forces of the revolutionary six-year period. The result was a flexible and transactional text prepared so that all possible parties that accepted the bases and essential principles of the regime, that is, the monarchic-constitutional system, could govern with it. The political commitment of the two dynastic parties to accept the peaceful turn in power was flawed by the predominance of royal confidence and fraud in the electoral processes. Despite this, a certain status quo was maintained until 1902. The complementary non-constitutional laws enacted up to that time were a true reflection of the ideology of the government in power. The men of the Restoration were not very sensitive to the emergence of new political movements and social forces in those early years of the twentieth century. From that date on, the history of the Restoration entered a spiral of discredit and discontent, causing the regime itself to wear out and become deformed.
In order to adequately approach the period of the Spanish Restoration from 1875 onwards, it is convenient to specify some previous concepts. The Sandhurst manifesto and the theory of the internal Constitution justified the elaboration of a new text. The Monarchy and the Cortes, as historical institutions prior to and superior to the written text, served as the foundation of Cánovas del Castillo's constitutional edifice. This principle, which would be present in all the main problems of the Constitution of 1876, was to allow the restoration of the monarchy and the creation of a new regime with the support or capture of a large part of the political forces of the revolutionary six-year period. The result was a flexible and transactional text prepared so that all possible parties that accepted the bases and essential principles of the regime, that is, the monarchic-constitutional system, could govern with it. The political commitment of the two dynastic parties to accept the peaceful turn in power was flawed by the predominance of royal confidence and fraud in the electoral processes. Despite this, a certain status quo was maintained until 1902. The complementary non-constitutional laws enacted up to that time were a true reflection of the ideology of the government in power. The men of the Restoration were not very sensitive to the emergence of new political movements and social forces in those early years of the twentieth century. From that date on, the history of the Restoration entered a spiral of discredit and discontent, causing the regime itself to wear out and become deformed.
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Palabras clave
Restauración, Constitución interna, Cánovas, 1876, fuerzas políticas, Restoration, internal Constitution, Cánovas, 1876, political forces
Citación
García-Cuevas Roque, Elena, “Los protagonistas de la Restauración y el reflejo de sus ideologías en el texto de 1876 y en la legislación posterior”, e-Legal History Review. núm. 40, mayo 2024, Iustel, pp. 143-192. https://www.iustel.com/v2/revistas/detalle_revista.asp?id_noticia=428241 ISSN: 1699-5317
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Facultades y escuelas::Facultad de Derecho
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Servicios Sociales y Fundamentos Histórico-Jurídicos