Publicación: Sexisme, masculinité-féminité et facteurs culturels
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2005
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Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
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Presses Universitaires de Grenoble
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Ce travail analyse la relation, sur le plan transculturel, entre l’idéologie de genre (ou sexisme) et la perception de soi en termes de masculinité/féminité, les dimensions culturelles proposées par Hofstede (individualisme-collecti- visme, masculinité-féminité, distance au pouvoir et réduction de l’incertitude), l’Indicateur de Développement Humain, et d’autres indices nationaux en relation avec la socialisation, les droits humains et les caractéristiques de la famille. Les niveaux de sexisme des 20 pays étudiés par Glick et collaborateurs (2000) et les indices de masculinité et de féminité des 29 pays étudiés par Fernández (2001) ont été utilisés, ainsi que les indices culturels mentionnés, qui ont été obtenus pour tous ces pays. Les résultats confirment la validité transculturelle de la conception de sexisme ambivalent (croyances qui justifient les inégalités entre hommes et femmes). Ils montrent sa relation avec un faible niveau de développement humain, de faibles scores en féminité (chez les hommes et chez les femmes), un plus grand collectivisme, une plus grande distance au pouvoir, un moindre respect des droits civils, un taux de fertilité plus élevé chez les femmes adultes, et une plus grande importance donnée à l’éducation aux valeurs des bonnes manières, de la religiosité et de l’obéissance.
This research analyses the relationship at the cross-national level between gender ideology (or sex- ism), self-perceived masculinity/femininity, Hofstede’s cultural dimensions (individualism-collec- tivism, masculinity-femininity, power distance and uncertainty avoidance), the Human Development Index, and other national indices related to socialisation, human rights and family characteristics. Indices of sexism from the 20 countries studied by Glick et al. (2000) and indices of masculinity and femininity from the 29 countries studied by Fernández (2001) were used, as well as the above-mentioned cultural indices where they were available for the relevant countries. The results endorse the cross-cultural validity of the concept of ambivalent sexism (beliefs that justify inequality between men and women). They show its relationship with a low level of human development, low scores on femininity (both in men and in women), higher collectivism, higher power distance, lower respect for civil rights, higher fecundity among adult women and more preference for education in the value of good manners, religiosity and obedience.
This research analyses the relationship at the cross-national level between gender ideology (or sex- ism), self-perceived masculinity/femininity, Hofstede’s cultural dimensions (individualism-collec- tivism, masculinity-femininity, power distance and uncertainty avoidance), the Human Development Index, and other national indices related to socialisation, human rights and family characteristics. Indices of sexism from the 20 countries studied by Glick et al. (2000) and indices of masculinity and femininity from the 29 countries studied by Fernández (2001) were used, as well as the above-mentioned cultural indices where they were available for the relevant countries. The results endorse the cross-cultural validity of the concept of ambivalent sexism (beliefs that justify inequality between men and women). They show its relationship with a low level of human development, low scores on femininity (both in men and in women), higher collectivism, higher power distance, lower respect for civil rights, higher fecundity among adult women and more preference for education in the value of good manners, religiosity and obedience.
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Palabras clave
Culture Masculine ou Cooperative, Culture Masculine ou Competitive, Sexisme Hostile et Ambivalent, Structure sociale, Cultural Femininity or Cooperative Culture, Cultural Masculinity or Competitive Culture, Ambivalent Sexism, Hostil Sexism, Socio- structural factors
Citación
Centro
Facultad de Psicología
Departamento
Psicología Social y de las Organizaciones