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Long-Term Average Spectrum Characteristics of Portuguese Fado-Canção from Coimbra

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dc.contributor.authorFilipa M.B., Lã
dc.contributor.authorSilva, Luciano S.
dc.contributor.authorGranqvist, Svante
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-20T11:20:44Z
dc.date.available2024-05-20T11:20:44Z
dc.date.issued2023-07
dc.description.abstractDescriptions of acoustical characteristics of Fado, a Portuguese urban style sung in Lisbon and Oporto, are scarce, particularly concerning Fado-Can¸c~ao, a related style sung in Coimbra. The present study aims at describing long-term average spectrum (LTAS) parameters of 16 professional singers while singing and reading the lyrics of a typical Fado-Can¸c~ao. LTAS parameters were investigated in terms of: (1) equivalent sound level (Leq); (2) spectral differences between 3 frequency bands 0−2, 2−5, and 5−8 kHz; and (3) quantification of spectral prominence between 2 and 4 kHz, calculated as the level difference between the peak in this frequency region and a reference trendline between 1 and 5 kHz, henceforth Formant Cluster Prominence (FCP). Given that Fado-Can¸c~ao, besides Fado and traditional styles, originated also from classical singing, and that previous studies on Fado suggest the absence of a singer’s formant cluster, the averaged LTAS for all Fado-Can¸c~ao singers was further compared to the LTAS of two world-touring opera baritones singing an operatic aria and a lied. Results show that Fado-Can¸c~ao is commonly sung with a Leq of 86.4 dB and a FCP of about 10 dB, values significantly higher when compared to reading. The FCP in Fado-Can¸c~ao, although smaller than for the two classical opera singers’ examples (14.8 and 20 dB, respectively), suggests that the style preserved some of its original lyrical influence. However, because younger singers present higher energy in the 5−8 kHz region relative to the remaining frequency bands as compared to older singers, it seems that Fado-Can¸c~ao may be drifting towards non-classical vocal practices. FCP seems to be a promising straightforward method to quantify the degree of formant clustering around the region of the singer’s formant in LTAS, allowing comparisons between different singers and singing styles.en
dc.description.versionversión final
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.03.005
dc.identifier.issn0892-1997
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14468/11746
dc.journal.issue4
dc.journal.titleJournal of Voice
dc.journal.volume37
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relation.centerFacultad de Educación
dc.relation.departmentDidáctica, Organización Escolar y Didácticas Especiales
dc.rightsAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
dc.subject.keywordsFado-Canção
dc.subject.keywordsLong-Term-Average Spectrum
dc.subject.keywordsSinger’s formant cluster
dc.subject.keywordsFormant Cluster
dc.titleLong-Term Average Spectrum Characteristics of Portuguese Fado-Canção from Coimbraes
dc.typeartículoes
dc.typejournal articleen
dspace.entity.typePublication
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