Publicación: Detección y prevención de la Lipoatrofia Semicircular en el entorno laboral
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2019-07-03
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Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España). Facultad de Ciencias
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La Lipoatrofia semicircular (LS) es una atrofia del tejido adiposo subcutáneo que se manifiesta en la aparición de una depresión semicircular principalmente en la zona anterolateral de los muslos, en una o ambas piernas, a una altura de unos 72-74 cm del suelo. Se diagnosticó por primera vez en 1974 pero fue en el conglomerado belga KBC en el que se realizó el estudio más largo (entre 1995 y 2010) y exhaustivo de la enfermedad. La incidencia en España fue en ascenso hasta llegar a su máximo en 2007, cuando en Barcelona se detectaron 620 casos a lo largo de 5 meses, dando lugar al desarrollo de protocolos de protección de riesgos en al menos tres comunidades autónomas (Cataluña, Madrid y País Vasco). Las causas directas de este trastorno, que se ha relacionado con los denominados “síndromes de edificio enfermo” siguen siendo desconocidas pero los estudios estadísticos llevados a cabo sobre gran número de pacientes muestran correlación con factores externos como: campos electromagnéticos generados por equipos informáticos (ordenadores, impresoras, …), bajo nivel de humedad, mobiliario de oficina con elevada capacidad de carga electrostática (triboeléctrica), con esquinas no romas, bajo poder disipativo que provocan descargas frecuentes entre mueble (normalmente esquina) y trabajador, además de factores ergonómicos (hábitos posturales, ropa ajustada). El objetivo de este trabajo ha consistido en el ensayo de las propiedades de los materiales (tanto sobre separado como en el propio lugar de trabajo) utilizados en oficina y en la medida de las condiciones ambientales en oficina que supuestamente podrían dar lugar a la LS. Se han ensayado catorce materiales de suelos para averiguar su resistividad y su capacidad de adquisición de carga electrostática tras la fricción con otros materiales (mediante ensayos de triboelectricidad). Para la evaluación de las condiciones ambientales relacionadas con la LS se han realizado medidas de campos electromagnéticos en un despacho con todos los equipos informáticos en servicio. Puesto que no se han definido umbrales (no hay normativa al respecto) máximos de los supuestos factores causantes para el caso de la LS, solo se ha podido realizar una clasificación cualitativa de los materiales. Por el lado de los campos electromagnéticos, los valores medidos se han comparado con los niveles de actuación de la directiva 2013/35/UE y se ha mostrado que en el despacho estudiado permanecen muy por debajo.
Lipoatrophia Semicircularis (LS) is a medical condition that consists of semi-circular ribs of atrophied subcutaneous adipose tissue, generally on the anterior face of one or both thighs (at 72-74 cm from floor with shoes). A series of cases were observed since it was first diagnostized in 1974 but the most well known study was carried out in the KBC group (Belgium) between 1995 and 2010. The incidence in Spain peaked in 2007 when, in Barcelona, 620 cases appeared during 5 months. This fact led to the development of risk protection protocols inserted in health regulations of at least three regions. The causes of this disease, which has been linked to “ill buildings” remain unknown but the statistical studies carried out on a large number of patients have shown correlation with several external factors like: electromagnetic fields generated by computer equipment (pc, printers,…), low level of humidity, polarizable desktop materials with sharp edges (charge concentration), which tend to generate electric discharges between furniture (normally table border) and worker and ergonomic factors (postural habits, slim fit clothes). The goal of this work has been the research on the material properties (both isolated and in service) and on office ambiance conditions which supposedly could trigger the materialization of LS. Fourteen types of floor materials have been tested to measure their resistivity and their capability of acquiring electric charge after friction with other materials (triboelectric essays). Measurements of electromagnetic fields have been carried out in an office with connected appliances. As there are no defined thresholds to assess the possibility of the occurrence of LS, only a qualitative classification could be achieved. The electromagnetic field measurements have been compared to the actuation levels established by the Guideline 2013/35/UE showing that current levels remain much below them.
Lipoatrophia Semicircularis (LS) is a medical condition that consists of semi-circular ribs of atrophied subcutaneous adipose tissue, generally on the anterior face of one or both thighs (at 72-74 cm from floor with shoes). A series of cases were observed since it was first diagnostized in 1974 but the most well known study was carried out in the KBC group (Belgium) between 1995 and 2010. The incidence in Spain peaked in 2007 when, in Barcelona, 620 cases appeared during 5 months. This fact led to the development of risk protection protocols inserted in health regulations of at least three regions. The causes of this disease, which has been linked to “ill buildings” remain unknown but the statistical studies carried out on a large number of patients have shown correlation with several external factors like: electromagnetic fields generated by computer equipment (pc, printers,…), low level of humidity, polarizable desktop materials with sharp edges (charge concentration), which tend to generate electric discharges between furniture (normally table border) and worker and ergonomic factors (postural habits, slim fit clothes). The goal of this work has been the research on the material properties (both isolated and in service) and on office ambiance conditions which supposedly could trigger the materialization of LS. Fourteen types of floor materials have been tested to measure their resistivity and their capability of acquiring electric charge after friction with other materials (triboelectric essays). Measurements of electromagnetic fields have been carried out in an office with connected appliances. As there are no defined thresholds to assess the possibility of the occurrence of LS, only a qualitative classification could be achieved. The electromagnetic field measurements have been compared to the actuation levels established by the Guideline 2013/35/UE showing that current levels remain much below them.
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Facultades y escuelas::Facultad de Ciencias
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Física Matemática y de Fluídos