Publicación: El enfoque del apoyo social en Criminología: condiciones de progreso
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2022
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Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
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España. Ministerio de Justicia
Resumen
En el presente artículo se revisa el modelo del apoyo social, introducido por Cullen en Criminología a mediados de los años noventa del siglo pasado. Se sostiene la amplitud de este modelo, que incluye una teoría causal del delito y hasta otras cuatro versiones. Estas cinco versiones no son compatibles entre sí. Se revisa la evaluación empírica de la teoría y se ofrece una conclusión mediante un recuento de votos. A continuación se exponen consideraciones teóricas y empíricas sobre la teoría causal del apoyo social que incluyen que el apoyo social es un concepto problemático, que pese a su nombre sólo favorece la conformidad bajo ciertas condiciones y que gran parte de los tests de la teoría son inespecíficos. Se concluye con la infrateorización de la teoría, que sigue una concepción insuficientemente material e informativa –aunque habitual– de explicación causal de la relación directa o indirecta con el delito o la conformidad; y con la necesidad relacionada de especificar las condiciones bajo las que la teoría resultaría refutada. Si la teoría del apoyo social fuera capaz de cubrir estas lagunas estaría en condiciones para contribuir al progreso de la Criminología.
In this paper I review the social support model, which was introduced by Cullen around the middle of the 1990 decade. I argue that social support is an ample model which includes a causal theory of crime or conformity, and four other versions at least. These five versions are not compatible with each other. I review the empirical evidence on social support theory and I offer a vote counting summary. A number of theoretical and empirical considerations on social support theory are analysed, including the lack of precision of the concept, the fact that social support only prevents crime under certain circumstances, in spite of its name, and that many tests of theory lack specificity. I argue that the theory is undertheorized because it relies on a conception of explanation in causal terms of the direct or indirect relationship of social support and crime or conformity which is incomplete from a substantive and informative point of view. I conclude with the related necessity of specifying the conditions under which the theory would be refuted. If social support theory is able to address these considerations, it could contribute to the progress of Criminology.
In this paper I review the social support model, which was introduced by Cullen around the middle of the 1990 decade. I argue that social support is an ample model which includes a causal theory of crime or conformity, and four other versions at least. These five versions are not compatible with each other. I review the empirical evidence on social support theory and I offer a vote counting summary. A number of theoretical and empirical considerations on social support theory are analysed, including the lack of precision of the concept, the fact that social support only prevents crime under certain circumstances, in spite of its name, and that many tests of theory lack specificity. I argue that the theory is undertheorized because it relies on a conception of explanation in causal terms of the direct or indirect relationship of social support and crime or conformity which is incomplete from a substantive and informative point of view. I conclude with the related necessity of specifying the conditions under which the theory would be refuted. If social support theory is able to address these considerations, it could contribute to the progress of Criminology.
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Palabras clave
apoyo social, teoría criminológica, refutación, explicación causal, social support, criminological theory, causal explanation
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Centro
Facultad de Derecho
Departamento
Derecho Penal y Criminología