Publicación: Análisis de falla de ruptura de rieles en vías férreas comerciales
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2022
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Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
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['Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España)', 'Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica']
Resumen
En este trabajo se realizó el análisis en laboratorio de dos casos de rupturas en rieles, relacionados con defectos superficiales por fatiga de contacto rodante (Rolling Contact Fatigue, RCF) y soldaduras superficiales. El primer caso corresponde al análisis de falla de una fractura transversal de riel en una sección de un cambiavías, en el que se había realizado una reparación por recargue superficial. Mediante ensayos de fractografía y metalografía fueron encontraron defectos superficiales y deformación plástica, en conjunto con variaciones en la microestructura. Estos hallazgos fueron determinados como la razón de falla. En el segundo caso se retiró un riel en campo debido a la aparición de defectos tipo squat severos sobre la superficie del riel. Al realizar una inspección del riel se encontró desgaste ondulatorio de onda corta y defectos asociados a RCF. Mediante ensayos de metalografía fue posible encontrar evidencias de la presencia de los defectos tipo squat y fatiga, no se encontró capa blanca (White-Etching Layer, WEL) en ninguno de los casos estudiados. En este trabajo se presenta una discusión respecto a los mecanismos de falla encontrados y sus posibles explicaciones.
In this work, the laboratory analysis of two cases of rail defects related to Rolling Contact Fatigue (RCF) surface defects and surface welding was conducted. The first case corresponds to the failure analysis of a transverse rail fracture in a section of a rail switch, which had been repaired by surface welding. Using fractography and metallography tests, surface defects and plastic deformation were found, together with variations in the microstructure; these findings were determined as the cause of failure. In the second case, a rail was removed in the field due to the appearance of severe squat defects on the surface of the rail, upon inspection of the rail, short pitch corrugation wear and defects associated with RCF were found, through metallography tests it was possible to find evidence of the presence of squat-type defects and fatigue, no White-Etching Layer (WEL) was found in any of the cases studied; a discussion is presented regarding the failure mechanisms found and their possible explanations.
In this work, the laboratory analysis of two cases of rail defects related to Rolling Contact Fatigue (RCF) surface defects and surface welding was conducted. The first case corresponds to the failure analysis of a transverse rail fracture in a section of a rail switch, which had been repaired by surface welding. Using fractography and metallography tests, surface defects and plastic deformation were found, together with variations in the microstructure; these findings were determined as the cause of failure. In the second case, a rail was removed in the field due to the appearance of severe squat defects on the surface of the rail, upon inspection of the rail, short pitch corrugation wear and defects associated with RCF were found, through metallography tests it was possible to find evidence of the presence of squat-type defects and fatigue, no White-Etching Layer (WEL) was found in any of the cases studied; a discussion is presented regarding the failure mechanisms found and their possible explanations.
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Categorías UNESCO
Palabras clave
Ingeniería ferroviaria, soldadura, recargues superficiales
Citación
Centro
E.T.S. de Ingenieros Industriales
Departamento
Mecánica