Publicación: Evaluación de la eficiencia en un quemador de biomasa densificada (pellets) con almacenamiento y amortiguación térmica, empleado en el calentamiento de aire
No hay miniatura disponible
Archivos
Fecha
2022
Editor/a
Director/a
Tutor/a
Coordinador/a
Prologuista
Revisor/a
Ilustrador/a
Derechos de acceso
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
['Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España)', 'Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica']
Resumen
La investigación aborda la implementación y evaluación de la eficiencia en un quemador de biomasa densificada (pellets) con almacenamiento y amortiguación térmica, encargado de calentar aire que se utiliza en un proceso de secado de almendras de cacao. Inicialmente se efectúa una revisión técnico científica sobre tecnologías empleadas en estos dispositivos, recurriendo a la herramienta de visualización de redes bibliométricas VOSviewer. En una segunda fase, se realiza el diseño conceptual, el dimensionamiento y la simulación mediante software CAD de un equipo con alimentación de pellets mediante tornillo sinfín, dos entradas de aire para la combustión y un soplador que mueve el aire de calentamiento a través de un serpentín sumergido en un tanque con aceite, donde, recibe y absorbe el calor de una cámara de combustión, amortiguando y almacenando la energía liberada, identificando mediante un análisis computacional el comportamiento de los fluidos del proceso y el tipo de combustión que se lleva a cabo. Posteriormente, se construye el prototipo basado en la simulación y paralelamente se fabrican pellets con el material vegetal desechado en el desengrullado o despulpado del fruto de cacao, este combustible reporta según literatura un poder calorífico de hasta 17 MJ/kg. Durante la fase experimental se realizan pruebas de funcionamiento preliminar, donde se ajustan caudales de los fluidos, velocidad del tornillo sinfín y calibración de los dispositivos mecánicos y eléctricos. Finalmente, se realizan pruebas con operación del equipo durante 12 horas continuas, registrando un consumo promedio de pellets de un kilogramo por hora, donde se establece que el tiempo que requiere el aceite para alcanzar una temperatura estable de 100°C son 95 minutos, manteniéndose alrededor de esta durante el resto del periodo; con esto, se registra una temperatura de salida del aire caliente en promedio a 90°C, suficiente para el uso que se pretende. La eficiencia térmica del equipo después de la fase experimental está cercana al 55%, sin embargo, es necesario mejorar el control en el caudal de los fluidos y la velocidad de alimentación de combustible mediante un sistema electrónico especializado que optimice el proceso.
The research deals with the implementation and evaluation of the efficiency in a densified biomass burner (pellets) with storage and thermal damping, in charge of heating air that is used in a cocoa almond drying process. Initially, a scientific technical review is carried out on the technologies used in these devices, using the VOSviewer bibliometric network visualization tool. In a second phase, the conceptual design, dimensioning and simulation are carried out using CAD software of a unit with feed for pellets by means of an endless screw, two air inlets for combustion and a blower that moves the heating air through a coil submerged in a tank with oil, where it receives and absorbs the heat of a combustion chamber, buffering and storing the energy released, identifying through computational analysis the behavior of the process fluids and the type of combustion that takes place . Subsequently, the prototype based on the simulation is built and in parallel pellets are manufactured with the vegetable material discarded in the disemboweling or pulping of the cocoa fruit, this fuel reports, according to the literature, a calorific value of up to 17 MJ/kg. During the experimental phase, preliminary operating tests are carried out, where fluid flow rates, screw speed and calibration of mechanical and electrical devices are adjusted. Finally, tests are carried out with the equipment operating for 12 continuous hours, recording an average consumption of pellets of one kilogram per hour, where it is established that the time required for the oil to reach a stable temperature of 100°C is 95 minutes, maintaining around this for the rest of the period; With this, an average hot air outlet temperature of 90°C is recorded, sufficient for the intended use. The thermal efficiency of the equipment after the experimental phase is close to 55%, however, it is necessary to improve the control of the flow of fluids and the speed of fuel feeding through a specialized electronic system that optimizes the process.
The research deals with the implementation and evaluation of the efficiency in a densified biomass burner (pellets) with storage and thermal damping, in charge of heating air that is used in a cocoa almond drying process. Initially, a scientific technical review is carried out on the technologies used in these devices, using the VOSviewer bibliometric network visualization tool. In a second phase, the conceptual design, dimensioning and simulation are carried out using CAD software of a unit with feed for pellets by means of an endless screw, two air inlets for combustion and a blower that moves the heating air through a coil submerged in a tank with oil, where it receives and absorbs the heat of a combustion chamber, buffering and storing the energy released, identifying through computational analysis the behavior of the process fluids and the type of combustion that takes place . Subsequently, the prototype based on the simulation is built and in parallel pellets are manufactured with the vegetable material discarded in the disemboweling or pulping of the cocoa fruit, this fuel reports, according to the literature, a calorific value of up to 17 MJ/kg. During the experimental phase, preliminary operating tests are carried out, where fluid flow rates, screw speed and calibration of mechanical and electrical devices are adjusted. Finally, tests are carried out with the equipment operating for 12 continuous hours, recording an average consumption of pellets of one kilogram per hour, where it is established that the time required for the oil to reach a stable temperature of 100°C is 95 minutes, maintaining around this for the rest of the period; With this, an average hot air outlet temperature of 90°C is recorded, sufficient for the intended use. The thermal efficiency of the equipment after the experimental phase is close to 55%, however, it is necessary to improve the control of the flow of fluids and the speed of fuel feeding through a specialized electronic system that optimizes the process.
Descripción
Categorías UNESCO
Palabras clave
quemador de pellets, biomasa, simulación térmica de fluidos por Solidworks
Citación
Centro
Facultades y escuelas::E.T.S. de Ingenieros Industriales
Departamento
Mecánica