Publicación: The Fairy Tale as a Fertile Soil for Silenced Voices, Challenges to Patriarchal Authority, and Repossession of Non-Normative and Distorted Identities. A case of Study: Frank L. Baum’s The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
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2019-10-23
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Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
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Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España). Facultad de Filología
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El propósito principal de este estudio es el de explorar cómo los cuentos de hadas han sido un terreno fértil para aquellas voces a quienes los discursos patriarcales ha tendido a silenciar y marginalizar, es decir, las mujeres, los sujetos no normativos y los niños. La literatura, como producto cultural que depende del contexto, ha solido reproducir las ideologías oficiales que, en el caso de la literatura infantil, ha pretendido socializar a los más pequeños en los principios tradicionales de la sociedad dominante, y los cuentos de hadas no han sido una excepción. Algunas de las prácticas culturales tradicionales han demostrado ser tremendamente dañinas para el empoderamiento de la mujer y su realización personal, al alejarlas de los espacios públicos y privarlas de agencia. Por eso, aunque en muchas ocasiones los cuentos de hadas han servido para sustentar los poderes hegemónicos—legitimando sus prácticas, ocultas bajo una superficie impoluta, han existido voces discordantes que han encontrado la forma de hacerse oír desde los intersticios del tejido textual, llenándolos con significado simbólico. A finales del siglo XIX, especialmente desde mitad del siglo XX en adelante, los cuentos de hadas han sido recontados no sólo por medio de la literatura sino, también, gracias a las muchas reapropiaciones enriquecedoras desde diversas manifestaciones artísticas, desenmascarando estereotipos de género, y dotando a los cuentos clásicos, y a sus personajes, de nuevos significados. Además, la cultura popular ha entablado un fructífero diálogo con las investigaciones académicas y, como resultado, se ha producido un enriquecimiento mutuo de ideas y experiencias que han permitido difuminar las tradicionales barreras entre la cultura elitista y la popular. La obra escogida para contrastar estas afirmaciones es El Mago de Oz, escrita por L. Frank Baum en 1900. El análisis el libro intentará revelar significados ocultos, desde la perspectiva de los estudios de género, demostrando cómo el principio femenino ha sido sometido por el masculino. Por otra parte, tradicionalmente, las mujeres no se han reconocido mutuamente como hermanas sino más bien como enemigas, una situación que han fomentado activamente los discursos patriarcales. También, el estudio de este cuento mostrará cómo algunas de las reapropiaciones de la historia han sido emancipadoras para algunas identidades distorsionadas por representaciones patriarcales reduccionistas.
The main purpose of this paper is to explore how fairy tales have been a fertile ground for those voices whom the patriarchal discourses were susceptible to silence and marginalize, namely women, non-normative male individuals, and children. Literature, as a cultural artifact which is context dependent—has tended to reproduce the official ideologies that, in the case of children’s literature, have sought to socialize the little ones into the traditional principles of the prevailing society, and fairy tales have not been an exception. Some of the traditional cultural practices have proved immensely damaging to women’s empowerment and self-fulfillment, by displacing them away from the public spaces and depriving them of agency. So, although in many occasions fairy tales have served to underpin the hegemonic powers—legitimizing their practices, lying beneath the smooth surface, there have existed dissenting voices which have found a way to make themselves heard from the interstices left within the textual fabric, filling them up with symbolic significance. At the turn of the century, and, particularly since the second half of the twentieth century onwards, the fairy tale has been retold not only in a literary form, but also by means of copious enriching appropriations from diverse artistic expressions, debunking gender stereotypes, and assigning new meanings to classical folk and fairy stories and characters. Furthermore, popular culture has been engaged in a fruitful dialogue with scholarly study and, as a result, there has been a cross-fertilization of ideas and experiences that have blurred the traditional boundaries between high-brow and pop culture. The work chosen to support these statements is The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, written by L. Frank Baum in 1900. The analysis of the book will try to uncover some hidden meanings from a perspective based on gender and women’s studies, proving how the female principle has been subjected by the male one. Moreover, traditionally, women have not recognized one another as sisters but rather as enemies, a situation that patriarchal discourses have actively fostered. Also, the study of this tale will show how some of the reappropriations of the story have been emancipatory to some identities distorted by patriarchal narrowing representations.
The main purpose of this paper is to explore how fairy tales have been a fertile ground for those voices whom the patriarchal discourses were susceptible to silence and marginalize, namely women, non-normative male individuals, and children. Literature, as a cultural artifact which is context dependent—has tended to reproduce the official ideologies that, in the case of children’s literature, have sought to socialize the little ones into the traditional principles of the prevailing society, and fairy tales have not been an exception. Some of the traditional cultural practices have proved immensely damaging to women’s empowerment and self-fulfillment, by displacing them away from the public spaces and depriving them of agency. So, although in many occasions fairy tales have served to underpin the hegemonic powers—legitimizing their practices, lying beneath the smooth surface, there have existed dissenting voices which have found a way to make themselves heard from the interstices left within the textual fabric, filling them up with symbolic significance. At the turn of the century, and, particularly since the second half of the twentieth century onwards, the fairy tale has been retold not only in a literary form, but also by means of copious enriching appropriations from diverse artistic expressions, debunking gender stereotypes, and assigning new meanings to classical folk and fairy stories and characters. Furthermore, popular culture has been engaged in a fruitful dialogue with scholarly study and, as a result, there has been a cross-fertilization of ideas and experiences that have blurred the traditional boundaries between high-brow and pop culture. The work chosen to support these statements is The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, written by L. Frank Baum in 1900. The analysis of the book will try to uncover some hidden meanings from a perspective based on gender and women’s studies, proving how the female principle has been subjected by the male one. Moreover, traditionally, women have not recognized one another as sisters but rather as enemies, a situation that patriarchal discourses have actively fostered. Also, the study of this tale will show how some of the reappropriations of the story have been emancipatory to some identities distorted by patriarchal narrowing representations.
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cuentos de hadas, Mago de Oz, literatura infantil, cultura popular, patriarcado, bruja, género, fairy tales, Wizard of Oz, children’s literature, popular culture, patriarchy, witch, gender
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Facultades y escuelas::Facultad de Filología
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