Publicación: Incorporación de energía fotovoltaica a un secador solar de tipo directo/indirecto con la superficie ampliada del calentador de aire para comunidades sostenibles
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2024-10-22
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Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España), Universidad de Concepción - Chile. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica
Resumen
En la era Postpandemia COVID-19 se realizó un diagnóstico comunitario en Teotihuacán, México, principal destino turístico de este país. Las respuestas de más de 1,200 artesanos, Agricultores, ganaderos, restauranteros, gobernadores y empresarios permitieron identificar al proceso de secado solar de alimentos como la tecnología más viable para implementarse e impulsar su productividad sin afectar el medio ambiente ni sus tradiciones ancestrales. Ante esta necesidad, se desarrolló en la Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, un secador solar móvil de tipo directo/indirecto con cubierta de policarbonato y estructura de aluminio, que se distingue por tener una superficie del calentador de aire tres veces superior a los secadores normalmente comercializados. Teotihuacán tiene un recurso solar promedio de 5.7 Horas Solar Pico, y propicia la incorporación de energía fotovoltaica para accionar los extractores de aire que retiran la humedad y controlan la temperatura. Se presentan las fases del trabajo: 1) Diagnóstico comunitario, 2) Diseño y construcción del secador, 3) Modelación matemática 4) Selección e instalación del sistema fotovoltaico, 5) Instrumentación del secador (variables medidas: temperaturas y humedades relativas interiores y exteriores, radiación solar, peso del producto). 6) Evaluación del secador con nopal (opuntia ficus indica). Como resultados principales se obtuvo que el modelo matemático tiene un coeficiente de determinación de 0.87 utilizando un método de coeficientes indeterminados para su solución y comparación con datos experimentales, se obtuvo un diseño del secador que es reproducible para otras zonas geográficas y que es muy liviano para su transporte (11.2 kg), se obtuvo un sistema fotovoltaico de 160W capaz de proporcionar 4 días de autonomía, el secador propuesto disminuye 35% el tiempo de secado con respecto a un secador común, el costo total aumento en solo 20%.
In the Post-COVID-19 pandemic era, a community diagnosis was carried out in Teotihuacán, Mexico, the main tourist destination in this country. The responses of more than 1,200 artisans, farmers, ranchers, restaurateurs, governors and businessmen allowed the identification of the solar food drying process as the most viable technology to be implemented and boost their productivity without affecting the environment or their ancestral traditions. Given this need, a direct/indirect type mobile solar dryer with a polycarbonate cover and aluminum structure was developed at the Chapingo Autonomous University, which is distinguished by having an air heater surface area three times larger than normally marketed dryers. Teotihuacán has an average solar resource of 5.7 Peak Solar Hours, and encourages the incorporation of photovoltaic energy to operate the air extractors that remove humidity and control the temperature. The phases of the work are presented: 1) Community diagnosis, 2) Design and construction of the dryer, 3) Mathematical modeling 4) Selection and installation of the photovoltaic system, 5) Instrumentation of the dryer (variable measurements: indoor and outdoor temperatures and relative humidities, solar radiation, product weight). 6) Evaluation of the dryer with cactus (opuntia ficus indica). As main results, it was obtained that the mathematical model has a coefficient of determination of 0.87 using a method of indeterminate coefficients for its solution and comparison with experimental data, a dryer design was obtained that is reproducible for other geographical areas and that is very light for its transport (11.2 kg), a 160 W photovoltaic system capable of providing 4 days of autonomy was obtained, the proposed dryer reduces the drying time by 35% with respect to a common dryer, the total cost increases by only 20 %.
In the Post-COVID-19 pandemic era, a community diagnosis was carried out in Teotihuacán, Mexico, the main tourist destination in this country. The responses of more than 1,200 artisans, farmers, ranchers, restaurateurs, governors and businessmen allowed the identification of the solar food drying process as the most viable technology to be implemented and boost their productivity without affecting the environment or their ancestral traditions. Given this need, a direct/indirect type mobile solar dryer with a polycarbonate cover and aluminum structure was developed at the Chapingo Autonomous University, which is distinguished by having an air heater surface area three times larger than normally marketed dryers. Teotihuacán has an average solar resource of 5.7 Peak Solar Hours, and encourages the incorporation of photovoltaic energy to operate the air extractors that remove humidity and control the temperature. The phases of the work are presented: 1) Community diagnosis, 2) Design and construction of the dryer, 3) Mathematical modeling 4) Selection and installation of the photovoltaic system, 5) Instrumentation of the dryer (variable measurements: indoor and outdoor temperatures and relative humidities, solar radiation, product weight). 6) Evaluation of the dryer with cactus (opuntia ficus indica). As main results, it was obtained that the mathematical model has a coefficient of determination of 0.87 using a method of indeterminate coefficients for its solution and comparison with experimental data, a dryer design was obtained that is reproducible for other geographical areas and that is very light for its transport (11.2 kg), a 160 W photovoltaic system capable of providing 4 days of autonomy was obtained, the proposed dryer reduces the drying time by 35% with respect to a common dryer, the total cost increases by only 20 %.
Descripción
Organizado y patrocinado por: Federación iberoamericana de Ingeniería Mecánica y 'Universidad de Concepción - Chile. Departamento de Mecánica', FeIbIm – FeIbEM
Categorías UNESCO
Palabras clave
sostenibilidad agrícola, secador de alimentos, energía solar, agricultural sustainability, food dryer, solar energy
Citación
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Centro
E.T.S. de Ingenieros Industriales
Departamento
Mecánica