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2019-10-10
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Resumen
El modelo de cambio científico de Thomas S. Kuhn es probablemente el que más influencia ha tenido a lo largo de la historia de la filosofía de la ciencia. Los conceptos de «ciencia inmadura», «paradigma», «revolución científica» o «inconmensurabilidad» han sido –y siguen siendo– discutidos profusamente por filósofos, científicos y académicos de toda clase. Sin embargo, el modelo de cambio científico kuhniano apenas ha sido puesto a prueba en una disciplina científica tan central como la biología evolutiva. Es de interés tanto para los biólogos evolutivos como para los filósofos saber si esta disciplina sigue un patrón de cambio como el descrito hace aproximadamente medio siglo por Thomas S. Kuhn. Aprovechando la reciente disputa entre los partidarios de la teoría evolutiva estándar y aquellos favorables a una extensión de la misma, en este trabajo se lleva a cabo un análisis kuhniano de la biología evolutiva moderna. En particular, se intenta determinar si las distintas etapas por las que ha pasado esta disciplina desde la publicación de "El origen de las especies" de Darwin se corresponden con el esquema kuhniano de ciencia inmadura–paradigma–revolución científica. Para ello se describen los aspectos científicos y sociales de cada una de estas etapas y se evalúa su adecuación a los distintos criterios de reconocimiento aportados por Thomas S. Kuhn.
Thomas S. Kuhn’s model of scientific change is probably the one that has had the most influence throughout the history of the philosophy of science. The concepts of «immature science», «paradigm», «scientific revolution» or «incommensurability» have been –and still are– discussed profusely by philosophers, scientists, and academics of all kinds. However, the Kuhnian model of scientific change has hardly been put to test in a scientific discipline as central as evolutionary biology. It is in the interest of both evolutionary biologists and philosophers to know whether this discipline follows a pattern of change akin to that described by Thomas S. Kuhn about half a century ago. Taking advantage of the recent dispute between the supporters of the standard evolutionary theory and those favorable to an extension of it, in this work a Kuhnian analysis of modern evolutionary biology is carried out. In particular, we try to determine if the different stages through which this discipline has passed since the publication of Darwin’s "The Origin of Species" follow the Kuhnian scheme of immature science–paradigm–scientific revolution. For this mtask, the scientific and social aspects of each of these stages are described and their suitability for the different recognition criteria provided by Thomas S. Kuhn is assessed.
Thomas S. Kuhn’s model of scientific change is probably the one that has had the most influence throughout the history of the philosophy of science. The concepts of «immature science», «paradigm», «scientific revolution» or «incommensurability» have been –and still are– discussed profusely by philosophers, scientists, and academics of all kinds. However, the Kuhnian model of scientific change has hardly been put to test in a scientific discipline as central as evolutionary biology. It is in the interest of both evolutionary biologists and philosophers to know whether this discipline follows a pattern of change akin to that described by Thomas S. Kuhn about half a century ago. Taking advantage of the recent dispute between the supporters of the standard evolutionary theory and those favorable to an extension of it, in this work a Kuhnian analysis of modern evolutionary biology is carried out. In particular, we try to determine if the different stages through which this discipline has passed since the publication of Darwin’s "The Origin of Species" follow the Kuhnian scheme of immature science–paradigm–scientific revolution. For this mtask, the scientific and social aspects of each of these stages are described and their suitability for the different recognition criteria provided by Thomas S. Kuhn is assessed.
Descripción
Especialidad: Lógica, Historia y Filosofía de la Ciencia
Categorías UNESCO
Palabras clave
Biología evolutiva, Thomas S. Kuhn, Síntesis Evolutiva Moderna, Síntesis Evolutiva Extendida, paradigma, Evolutionary biology, Thomas S. Kuhn, Modern Evolutionary Synthesis, Extended Evolutionary Synthesis, paradigm
Citación
Gefaell Borrás, Juan. Trabajo Fin de Máster: "Análisis kuhniano de la biología evolutiva moderna". Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 2019
Centro
Facultad de Filosofía
Departamento
Lógica, Historia y Filosofía de la Ciencia