Publicación: Identity fusion and metacognition: nature, antecedents and metacognitive consequences of identity fusion
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2018-03-22
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Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
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Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España). Escuela Internacional de Doctorado. Programa de Doctorado en Psicología de la Salud
Resumen
La fusión de la identidad es una aproximación relativamente novedosa a la vinculación con el grupo. Implica un sentimiento visceral de unidad con el grupo, el cual está asociado a barreras inusualmente porosas y altamente permeables entre el yo personal y el yo social. Estas barreras porosas alientan a las personas a canalizar su agencia personal en comportamiento grupal, aumentando la posibilidad de que el yo personal y social se combinen sinergísticamente para motivar comportamiento pro-grupal. Por otro lado, la meta-cognición se refiere los pensamientos sobre nuestros pensamientos o juicios (Petty, Briñol & DeMarree, 2007). Los pensamientos primarios son aquellos que ocurren a un nivel directo de cognición e involucran nuestras asociaciones iniciales de algún objeto con algún atributo. Siguiendo a un pensamiento primario, la gente también puede generar otros pensamientos que ocurren en un segundo nivel el cual involucra reflexiones sobre los pensamientos de primer nivel. La meta-cognición se refiere a estos pensamientos de segundo orden. Una de las dimensiones más esenciales del pensamiento meta-cognitivo consiste en el grado de confianza que la gente coloca en sus pensamientos, yendo de la certeza extrema a la duda extrema en su validez. Por tanto, dos personas pueden tener el mismo pensamiento, pero una persona puede tener considerablemente mayor confianza en ese pensamiento que otra, y cuanto mayor es la confianza en ese pensamiento, mayor es su impacto en el juicio. Esta idea es referida como la hipótesis de auto-validación (Petty, Briñol & Tormala, 2002). El objetivo de esta Tesis Doctoral es unir dos líneas de investigación separadas y explorar cómo la confianza en distintos tipos de juicios puede afectar los niveles percibidos de fusión de la identidad y/o las actitudes hacia comportamientos pro-grupales extremos. El Capítulo 1 introduce estas ideas y prepara las diferentes líneas de investigación resultantes de las mismas. El Capítulo 2 explora cómo la confianza en el impacto que las acciones propias tienen en el grupo lleva a cambios en la fusión de identidad percibida con dicho grupo. El Capítulo 3 prueba cómo la confianza que los altamente fusionados tienen en su disposición a esperar puede predecir una atenuación temporal en su disposición a realizar conductas pro-grupales extremas. El Capítulo 4 investiga cómo la alta confianza en los pensamientos puede ser consecuencia del encaje entre altos niveles de comportamiento pro-grupal y altos niveles de fusión, o bajos niveles de comportamiento pro- grupal y bajos niveles de fusión. Finalmente, el Capítulo 5 concluye la Tesis Doctoral resumiendo los resultados obtenidos y mencionando algunas limitaciones de las distintas líneas de investigación.
Identity fusion is a relatively novel approach to alignment with groups (Swann, Seyle, Gómez, Morales & Huici, 2009; Swann, Jetten, Gómez, Whitehouse & Bastian, 2012). It entails a visceral feeling of oneness with the group, which is associated with unusually porous, highly permeable borders between the personal and social self. These porous borders encourage people to channel their personal agency into group behavior, raising the possibility that the personal and social self will combine synergistically to motivate pro-group behavior. On the other hand, metacognition refers to thoughts about our thoughts or judgments (Petty, Briñol & DeMarree, 2007). Primary thoughts are those that occur at a direct level of cognition and involve our initial associations of some object with some attribute. Following a primary thought, people can also generate other thoughts that occur at a second level which involve reflections on the first level thoughts. Meta-cognition refers to these second order thoughts. One of the most essential dimensions of meta-cognitive thought consists of the degree of confidence people place in their thoughts, ranging from extreme certainty to extreme doubt in their validity. Thus, two people might have the same thought, but one person might have considerably greater confidence in that thought than the other, and the greater confidence in the thought, the greater its impact on judgment. This idea is referred to as the self- validation hypothesis (Petty, Briñol & Tormala, 2002). The goal of this dissertation is to merge these two separate lines of research and explore how confidence on several types of judgments may affect perceived levels of identity fusion and/or attitudes towards extreme pro-group behavior. Chapter 1 introduces these ideas and sets up the several lines of research resulting from them. Chapter 2 explores how confidence on the impact that one´s actions have on the group drives changes in perceived identity fusion with such group. Chapter 3 tests how strongly-fused individuals´ confidence in their willingness to wait may predict a temporary attenuation in their willingness to engagein extreme pro-group behavior. Chapter 4 investigates how high thought confidence may stem from matching high levels of pro-group behavior with high levels of fusion, or low levels of pro-group behavior with low levels of fusion. Finally, Chapter 5 concludes the dissertation by summarizing results and bringing up some limitations to the different lines of research.
Identity fusion is a relatively novel approach to alignment with groups (Swann, Seyle, Gómez, Morales & Huici, 2009; Swann, Jetten, Gómez, Whitehouse & Bastian, 2012). It entails a visceral feeling of oneness with the group, which is associated with unusually porous, highly permeable borders between the personal and social self. These porous borders encourage people to channel their personal agency into group behavior, raising the possibility that the personal and social self will combine synergistically to motivate pro-group behavior. On the other hand, metacognition refers to thoughts about our thoughts or judgments (Petty, Briñol & DeMarree, 2007). Primary thoughts are those that occur at a direct level of cognition and involve our initial associations of some object with some attribute. Following a primary thought, people can also generate other thoughts that occur at a second level which involve reflections on the first level thoughts. Meta-cognition refers to these second order thoughts. One of the most essential dimensions of meta-cognitive thought consists of the degree of confidence people place in their thoughts, ranging from extreme certainty to extreme doubt in their validity. Thus, two people might have the same thought, but one person might have considerably greater confidence in that thought than the other, and the greater confidence in the thought, the greater its impact on judgment. This idea is referred to as the self- validation hypothesis (Petty, Briñol & Tormala, 2002). The goal of this dissertation is to merge these two separate lines of research and explore how confidence on several types of judgments may affect perceived levels of identity fusion and/or attitudes towards extreme pro-group behavior. Chapter 1 introduces these ideas and sets up the several lines of research resulting from them. Chapter 2 explores how confidence on the impact that one´s actions have on the group drives changes in perceived identity fusion with such group. Chapter 3 tests how strongly-fused individuals´ confidence in their willingness to wait may predict a temporary attenuation in their willingness to engagein extreme pro-group behavior. Chapter 4 investigates how high thought confidence may stem from matching high levels of pro-group behavior with high levels of fusion, or low levels of pro-group behavior with low levels of fusion. Finally, Chapter 5 concludes the dissertation by summarizing results and bringing up some limitations to the different lines of research.
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Facultades y escuelas::Escuela Internacional de Doctorado
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Programa de doctorado en ingeniería de sistemas y control