Publicación: Selección de procesos de soldadura por arco eléctrico basado en el comportamiento mecánico de las juntas soldadas
Fecha
2024-10-22
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
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Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España), Universidad de Concepción - Chile. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica
Resumen
La soldadura por arco eléctrico es empleada como técnica de unión de materiales en los procesos de diseño, fabricación y mantenimiento. Existiendo diversos procesos de soldadura por arco eléctrico, la selección del proceso adecuado al tipo de carga o funcionalidad que tendrá la junta soldada no posee una argumentación solida que este respaldada en estudios de resistencia y durabilidad de los materiales, así como de sus características mecánicas o metalúrgicas. Este trabajo se desarrolló con el propósito de generar un conocimiento que permita tomar decisión al respecto. Se diseño un experimento factorial que incluyó tres procesos de soldadura por arco eléctrico, en un acero estructural ASTM A36. Se generaron juntas precalificadas a tope bajo norma estructural de fabricación y se aplicaron procedimientos de caracterización microestructural, así como ensayos de tensión, microdureza y fatiga. Los resultados permitieron cuantificar diferencias relevantes entre la influencia de cada uno de los procesos de soldadura y el material base, estas cuantificaciones fueron revisadas para determinar el proceso que generó menor afectación en el ensayo estático y de igual forma con el ensayo dinámico. Los resultados de la selección mostraron coherencia con los comportamientos obtenidos en la caracterización de los materiales encontrando consistencia en la decisión.
Electric arc welding is used as a technique for joining materials in the design, manufacturing and maintenance processes. Since there are several electric arc welding processes [1], the selection of the appropriate process for the type of load or functionality that the welded joint will have does not have a solid argumentation that is supported by studies of resistance and durability of the materials, as well as their mechanical or metallurgical characteristics. This work was developed with the purpose of generating knowledge that allows deciding in this regard. A factorial experiment was designed that included three electric arc welding processes in an ASTM A36 structural steel. Pre-qualified butt joints were generated under structural fabrication standards and microstructural characterization procedures were applied, as well as tension, microhardness and fatigue tests. The results allowed quantifying relevant differences between the influence of each of the welding processes and the base material, these quantifications were reviewed to determine the process that generated less affectation in the static test and likewise with the dynamic test. The results of the selection showed coherence with the behaviors obtained in the characterization of the materials, finding consistency in the decision.
Electric arc welding is used as a technique for joining materials in the design, manufacturing and maintenance processes. Since there are several electric arc welding processes [1], the selection of the appropriate process for the type of load or functionality that the welded joint will have does not have a solid argumentation that is supported by studies of resistance and durability of the materials, as well as their mechanical or metallurgical characteristics. This work was developed with the purpose of generating knowledge that allows deciding in this regard. A factorial experiment was designed that included three electric arc welding processes in an ASTM A36 structural steel. Pre-qualified butt joints were generated under structural fabrication standards and microstructural characterization procedures were applied, as well as tension, microhardness and fatigue tests. The results allowed quantifying relevant differences between the influence of each of the welding processes and the base material, these quantifications were reviewed to determine the process that generated less affectation in the static test and likewise with the dynamic test. The results of the selection showed coherence with the behaviors obtained in the characterization of the materials, finding consistency in the decision.
Descripción
Organizado y patrocinado por: Federación iberoamericana de Ingeniería Mecánica y Universidad de Concepción - Chile. Departamento de Mecánica, FeIbIm – FeIbEM
Categorías UNESCO
Palabras clave
Soldadura, Manufactura, Selección de procesos, Caracterización, Acero, Welding, Manufacturing, Process selection, Materials Characterization, Steel
Citación
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Centro
E.T.S. de Ingenieros Industriales
Departamento
Mecánica