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Could Mussel Populations Be Differentially Threatened by the Presence of Microplastics and Related Chemicals?

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dc.contributor.authorBorges, Filipe
dc.contributor.authorFreitas, Rosa
dc.contributor.authorPatrício Silva, Ana L.
dc.contributor.authorSoliz Rojas, Dulce Lucy
dc.contributor.authorPaniagua González, Gema
dc.contributor.authorSolé, Monserrat
dc.contributor.funderMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovacion (MCI). España
dc.contributor.funderAgencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI). España
dc.contributor.funderFondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)
dc.contributor.funderCentre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM)
dc.contributor.funderMCTES Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior. Portugal
dc.contributor.funderComunidad de Madrid
dc.contributor.funderFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal)
dc.date.accessioned2025-11-05T16:02:41Z
dc.date.available2025-11-05T16:02:41Z
dc.date.issued2025-02-28
dc.descriptionThe registered version of this article, first published in “Toxics 2025, 13, 181", is available online at the publisher's website: MDPI, https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13030181
dc.descriptionLa versión registrada de este artículo, publicado por primera vez en “Toxics 2025, 13, 181", está disponible en línea en el sitio web del editor: MDPI, https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13030181
dc.description.abstractMussels serve as indicators of anthropogenic chemical pollution; however, the effects of microplastics and plastic-related chemicals on their health performance remain an emerging issue. In this study, mussels were exposed to a polyamide (PA; 5 μg/L) and tricresyl phosphate (TCP; 1 μg/L) for 28 days. The exposures to the two contaminants were performed independently or in combination and lasted 28 days. The results showed that the independent exposure altered enzyme activities more significantly than the combined one. Exposure to the PA significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) by 43.5% and the neurotransmitter enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by 40.6%, while TCP specifically inhibited carboxylesterase (CE) activity by 38.5%, all in respect to the solvent control. When both pollutants were combined, most biomarker responses were similar to control levels. To further investigate if the mussels’ response to contaminants (here, chemical compounds only) could be population-specific, a comparative study between Atlantic and Mediterranean mussels was included. Firstly, baseline detoxification defenses were contrasted in the digestive glands of each mussel population, followed by an assessment of in vitro responses to a wide range of plastic additives. The results revealed that Mediterranean mussels expressed higher baseline activities for most detoxification enzymes, although the in vitro sensitivity to the targeted chemicals was similar in both populations. Of all the plastic additives tested, TCP significantly inhibited CE activity both in vivo and in vitro. The in vitro screening also indicated that other plastic additives could act as strong inhibitors of CE. However, additional in vivo exposures in mussels are needed to confirm CE suitability as a biomarker of these chemical exposures. All together, these results also suggest critical population-level differences in susceptibility to microplastic pollution, highlighting a need for targeted conservation efforts.en
dc.description.sponsorshipEste trabajo fue apoyado por el Proyecto Ref. PID2021-122592NB-I00 [Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación (MCI), la Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)] y por el Centro de Estudios Ambientales y Marinos (CESAM) a través de FCT y el Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Educación Superior de Portugal (MCTES) [UIDP/50017/2020 + UIDB/50017/2020 + LA/P/0094/2020]. ALPS fue financiado por FCT (DOI:10.54499/CEEC-IND/01366/2018/CP1559/CT0009). Agradecemos el apoyo institucional de la "acreditación Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa" (CEX2019-000928-S financiada por AEI 10.13039/501100011033). Los autores también quieren agradecer a la Comunidad de Madrid y a la financiación europea de los Programas FSE y FEDER (proyecto S2018/BAA-4393, AVANSE-CAL-II-CM) el apoyo financiero para esta investigación.
dc.description.versionversión publicada
dc.identifier.citationBorges, F.; Freitas, R.; Silva, A.L.P.; Soliz Rojas, D.L.; Paniagua González, G.; Solé, M. Could Mussel Populations Be Differentially Threatened by the Presence of Microplastics and Related Chemicals? Toxics 2025, 13, 181. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13030181
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13030181
dc.identifier.issn2305-6304
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14468/30780
dc.journal.issue181
dc.journal.titleToxics
dc.journal.volume13
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisher2305-6304
dc.relation.centerFacultad de Ciencias
dc.relation.departmentCiencias Analíticas
dc.relation.isreferencedbyhttps://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/toxics13030181/s1
dc.relation.projectidinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MCI//PID2021-122592NB-I00
dc.relation.projectidinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FEDER//PID2021-122592NB-I00
dc.relation.projectidinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MCTES/Plan Estatal de Investigación 2017-2020/UIDP/50017/2020 + UIDB/50017/2020 + LA/P/0094/2020
dc.relation.projectidS2018/BAA-4393/AVANSE-CAL-II-CM
dc.relation.projectidinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI10.13039/501100011033/acreditación Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa/CEX2019-000928-S
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
dc.subject3105.02 Piscicultura
dc.subject.keywordspolyamideen
dc.subject.keywordstricresyl phosphateen
dc.subject.keywordsacetylcholinesteraseen
dc.subject.keywordsantioxidant enzymesen
dc.subject.keywordscarboxylesteraseen
dc.subject.keywordsplastic additivesen
dc.titleCould Mussel Populations Be Differentially Threatened by the Presence of Microplastics and Related Chemicals?en
dc.typeartículoes
dc.typejournal articleen
dspace.entity.typePublication
relation.isAuthorOfPublication974ea57f-88a0-4bea-930f-76a42ff78c76
relation.isAuthorOfPublication6e5a84b2-e6a7-4bb1-9bdc-4e9831d90d11
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery974ea57f-88a0-4bea-930f-76a42ff78c76
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